Deck 8: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ____ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules.

A)2%
B)15%
C)28%
D)39%

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which process produces both NADH and FADH₂?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces

A)2 NADH,FADH₂,2 ATP.
B)3 NADH,1 FADH₂,1 ATP.
C)1 NADH,3 FADH₂,2 ATP.
D)3 NADH,2 FADH₂,1 ATP.
E)3 NADH,1 FADH₂,2 ATP.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Glycolysis occurs before fermentation.

Question 5

Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)the preparatory reaction

Question 6

Glycolysis is a catabolic process.

Question 7

The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produces ______ ATP from each NADH and/or _________ ATP from each FADH₂ entering the system.

A)4; 2
B)3; 2
C)2; 4
D)2; 3

Question 8

The first reaction in the citric acid cycle is binding

A)carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C₄)molecule.
B)carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C₅)molecule.
C)acetyl-CoA to a C₅ molecule.
D)acetyl-CoA to a C₄ molecule.

Question 9

Glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes.

Question 10

Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Question 11

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Question 12

During glycolysis _____ carbons will enter the pathway but _____ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates.

A)6 & 6
B)6 & 3
C)3 & 6
D)12 & 6
E)oxaloacetate

Question 13

The first phase of aerobic cellular respiration is:

A)the citric acid cycle.
B)glycolysis.
C)the electron transport system.
D)fermentation.
E)the preparatory reaction.

Question 14

Acetyl-CoA is produced from

A)pyruvate and a coenzyme.
B)citric acid and a coenzyme.
C)ATP and pyruvate.
D)CO₂ and pyruvate.
E)citric acid and CO₂.

Question 15

Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle.

Question 16

During glycolysis _____ carbons will enter the pathway but _____ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates.

A)6 & 6
B)6 & 3
C)3 & 6
D)12 & 6
E)oxaloacetate

Question 17

The preparatory reaction breaks

A)glucose into pyruvates.
B)pyruvates into glucose.
C)pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.
D)pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water.
E)acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ______ ATP molecules.

A)2
B)4
C)32
D)36
E)39

Question 19

Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration.

Question 20

The carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A)glycolysis.
B)the electron transport system.
C)lactate fermentation.
D)the citric acid cycle.

Question 21

For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration,the fatty acids must be:

A)deaminated.
B)combined with glycerol.
C)combined with ATP.
D)converted to acetyl groups.
E)converted into five-carbon sugars.

Question 22

The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria.

Question 23

Some desert beetles can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water.They survive on "metabolic water," which

A)was produced as water in the organisms they eat and is retained,never to pass out of the cell membrane.
B)is absorbed from the air along with respiratory oxygen.
C)is formed as a result of the reduction of oxygen as the final electron acceptor from the electron transport chain.
D)is a breakdown product from glycolysis in the cytoplasm.
E)is an original storehouse of water that is never allowed to pass out the cell membrane.

Question 24

Identify 'd' as the _____

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 25

Identify 'c' as the _____

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 26

Why would an organism utilize alcohol fermentation if it is wasteful of the energy in food molecules and poses a threat of death due to high levels of toxic alcohol?

A)The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
B)If glucose levels are not high,there may be time to disperse the alcohol "waste."
C)Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
D)All of the choices are advantages.
E)None of the choices is an advantage; anaerobes only survive where aerobes cannot.

Question 27

Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes.Some bacteria,however,are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen.If given the choice of using oxygen or not,which pathway should a facultative anaerobe perform?

A)Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate broken down than anaerobic metabolism.
B)Not use oxygen since it is a facultative anaerobe,it doesn't tolerate oxygen well.
C)Use oxygen because aerobic metabolism is easier.
D)It doesn't matter; both processes will produce the same results.

Question 28

Adult humans cannot synthesize _____ out of the _____ common amino acids.

A)eleven; twenty
B)nine; eleven
C)nine; twenty
D)any; twenty
E)half; all

Question 29

h Substrates that reoccur in several metabolic pathways form the metabolic pool.Study the figure to match the substrates with the corresponding pathway.

A)A is glycerol; B is amino acids; C is glucose; D is fatty acids
B)A is glucose; B is fatty acids; C is glycerol; D is amino acids
C)A is amino acids; B is fatty acids; C is glucose; D is glycerol
D)A is amino acids; B is glucose; C is glycerol; D is fatty acids

Question 30

Identify 'b' as the _____

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 31

Compared with other cell components (organelles,cell membrane or nucleus),the mitochondria would be the only one that would

A)form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
B)use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP.
C)use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP.
D)produce ATP via glycolysis.
E)release protons (H⁺).

Question 32

The membrane protein (enzyme)_________ will transform ADP + P $$\rightarrow$$ ATP as H⁺ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix.

A)the sodium-potassiuim pump
B)ATP synthase
C)cholesterol
D)NADH-Q reductase

Question 33

The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called _____ because we _____.

A)unnecessary; therefore do not need them
B)limiting; must include them in our diet
C)anabolic; must use alternative amino acids
D)essential; must include them in our diet
E)superfluous; must survive without them

Question 34

Identify 'e' as the _____

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 35

The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to cellular respiration is:

A)production of large quantities of ATP
B)creation of proton gradients
C)reduction of glucose and corresponding oxidation of carbon dioxide
D)oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes
E)release of CO₂

Question 36

The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

A)glycolysis-preparatory reaction--cirtric acid cycle--electron transport system
B)preparatory reaction--glycolysis---electron transport--citric acid cycle
C)electron transport system--citric acid cycle---preparatory reaction--glycolysis
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Degradative reactions

A)cause death.
B)can drive anabolism.
C)tend to be endergonic.
D)include the buildup of products such as complex proteins and nucleic acids.
E)All of the choices are true.

Question 38

h Substrates that reoccur in several metabolic pathways form the metabolic pool.Study the figure to place the items in proper order.

A)A is Electron transport chain; B is Pyruvate; C is Citric acid cycle
B)A is Citric acid cycle; B is Electron transport chain; C is Pyruvate
C)A is Pyruvate; B is Citric acid cycle; C is Electron transport chain

Question 39

Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.

Question 40

Identify 'a' as the _____

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 41

Which of the following coenzymes will accept two electrons and two hydrogens during oxidation?

A)FAD
B)NAD⁺
C)FADH
D)NADH

Question 42

Chloroplast are capable of running photosynthesis which is the most abundant form of anabolic metabolism in life.

Question 43

Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis?

A)there is an input of 6 carbons (glucose)and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates)
B)there is an input of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates)and an output of 6 carbons (1 glucose)
C)there is an input of 6 carbons (glucose)and an output of 6 carbons (6 CO₂)
D)there is an input of 3 carbons (glucose)and an output of 3 carbons (pyruvate)

Question 44

Fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise.

Question 45

Each molecule of NADH produced in the mitochondria provides the energy for two ATP molecules.

Question 46

What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs.energy harvesting steps of glycolysis?

A)2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
B)4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
C)no ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
D)2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP

Question 47

During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules?

A)the carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO₂ is released
B)the carbon molecules are broken down from a 4-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 2-carbon CO₂ is released
C)the carbon molecules are converted from a 2-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO₂ is consumed
D)the carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 1-carbon acetyl group and two 1-carbon CO₂ are released

Question 48

The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction.