Deck 3: The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Question 1

Which of the following are structural carbohydrate molecules?

A)starch and glycogen
B)starch and cellulose
C)glycogen and cellulose
D)cellulose and chitin
E)glycogen and chitin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which functional group will attach to a hydrocarbon chain to form alcohol?

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)amino
E)phosphate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Identify the following molecule:

A)amino acid
B)hydrocarbon
C)carbohydrate
D)alcohol
E)cholesterol

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Organic molecules are those that contain at least

A)carbon.
B)carbon and oxygen.
C)carbon and hydrogen.
D)carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen.

Question 5

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?

A)starch
B)chitin
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)glycerol

Question 6

If an animal needed to store energy for long-term use,but not be encumbered with the weight of extra tissue,which is the best molecule for storage?

A)fructose and glucose in the form of honey
B)high-calorie fat molecules
C)complex cellulose molecules
D)starch
E)glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose

Question 7

A lipid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

A)glucose or modified glucose molecules
B)amino acids
C)nucleotides
D)alternating sugar and phosphate groups
E)fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Which of the following would NOT be a molecule used for energy storage?

A)starch
B)cellulose
C)glycogen
D)chitin

Question 9

Which carbohydrate is found in the exoskeleton of insects and crabs?

A)starch
B)chitin
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)glycerol

Question 10

A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic

A)at all times.
B)only in the living cell environment.
C)except when it has an attached ionized functional group.
D)in carbohydrates but not in lipids.

Question 11

The lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ in which of the following?

A)the number of fatty acids attached to the glycerol molecule
B)the glycerol molecule
C)the carbon to carbon bonds
D)lipids of the cell membrane do not have hydrophobic sections of the molecule

Question 12

The differences between organic and inorganic molecules do not follow simple absolute rules.However,most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements does NOT correspond to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

A)Carbon dioxide (CO₂)lacks hydrogen atoms found in organic molecules.
B)Formaldehyde (CH₂O)is a small molecule compared to most organic molecules.
C)Salt (Na⁺Cl^-)is not an organic molecule but is important to the life of many organisms.
D)Because they are in living organisms,organic carbon atoms are different from the inorganic carbon atoms forming the molecular structure of soot or a diamond.

Question 13

Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in:

A)the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds
B)the consistency at room temperature
C)the number of hydrogen atoms present
D)all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

Question 14

Identify this molecule:

A)amino acid
B)hydrocarbon
C)carbohydrate
D)alcohol
E)lipid

Question 15

Which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage?

A)starch
B)chitin
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)glycerol

Question 16

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)can exist as both an open-chain form and a closed-ring form.Before 1900,glucose was only thought to occur as an open chain.Now we know that over 99 percent of the time,glucose occurs in the closed-ring form.What possible difference between these forms would give chemists a clue that the open-chain form was not present?

A)Open-chain molecules can form polymers and glucose does not.
B)Only open-chain forms can undergo condensation,which does not occur with glucose.
C)An open chain presents ends with functional groups (in this case aldehyde),and glucose failed to undergo typical aldehyde reactions; a phenomenon that could be explained by having no end functional group in a ring structure.
D)Because glucose is solid at room temperature,it must have saturated hydrocarbon chains.
E)Glucose could not be "denatured" so it must be a tight chain.

Question 17

What term is used for molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently?

A)isotope
B)isomer
C)homomolecules
D)organic
E)balanced

Question 18

A dehydration reaction can also be called a (an)_________ reaction since it forms water.

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)isomeric
D)an energy-releasing
E)monomer formation

Question 19

A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

A)simple sugars
B)amino acids
C)nucleotides
D)alternating sugar and phosphate groups
E)fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

What is the molecular formula for 5 glucose molecules?

A)C₃₀H₅₀O₂₅
B)C₃₀H₆₀O₃₀
C)C₃₀H₅₂O₂₆
D)C₆H₂₄O₁₂

Question 21

Fish sperm is composed mostly of the male fish's DNA.If we tested a sample chemically,we should find relatively high amounts of

A)nitrogenous bases,sugar,and phosphate groups.
B)phospholipids and steroids.
C)amino acids and unsaturated fats.
D)triglycerides and ATP.
E)globular proteins and stored fats.

Question 22

Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as four other atoms.

Question 23

The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?

A)primary structure
B)secondary structure
C)tertiary structure
D)quaternary structure

Question 24

A polypeptide has an amino acid sequence of: alanine-leucine-tryptophane-glycien-valine-alanine. This chain of amino acids is further organized into a helix that in-turn,folds in and around itself to form a globular structure.The primary structure of this polypeptide is:

A)globular
B)pleated-sheet
C)alpha helix
D)alanine-leucine-tryptophane-glycien-valine-alanine

Question 25

Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA?

A)It is the genetic material of the cell.
B)It forms a double helix.
C)Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
D)It contains the sugar ribose.
E)The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule.

Question 26

The reactivity of an organic molecule is primarily dependent upon ____________ of the molecule.

A)the carbon skeleton
B)the attached functional groups such as a hydroxyl group
C)the isomer
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

How many molecules of water are used to degrade this polypeptide,using hydrolysis reactions,into its constituent amino acids: alanine-leucine-tryptophane-glycine-valine-alanine?

A)six
B)five
C)one
D)seven

Question 28

ATP is a protein that supplies energy to the cell.

Question 29

After eating eggs for breakfast,you return in the evening,dunk the dirty dishes in water,and notice the yellow streaks remain "dried on." However,after soaking awhile,the complex of various egg yolk molecules easily "washes off." What has happened?

A)Heating denatured the egg protein molecules,hydrolysis reactions then formed bonds in the dried egg,and soaking in water eventually resulted in condensation reactions where water broke these bonds.
B)Heating denatured the egg protein molecules,unorganized condensation reactions then formed bonds in the drying egg,and soaking in water eventually resulted in hydrolysis reactions where water broke these bonds.
C)The egg monomers were fused to become one polymer,which was easily dissolved by water back into monomers.
D)The presence or absence of water changes the molecules from hydrophilic to hydrophobic respectively.
E)The addition of water converted organic molecules into inorganic molecules.

Question 30

Which of the following functional groups represents sulfhydryl?

A)SH
B)H-N-H
C)OH
D)0=C-OH
E)C=O

Question 31

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

A)carbohydrate
B)lipid
C)nucleic acid
D)protein

Question 32

Waxes consist of a glycerol bonded to three long-chain fatty acids.

Question 33

Starch is a protein that serves in energy storage in plant cells.

Question 34

A saturated fat

A)is solid at room temperature.
B)has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms.
C)is of animal origin.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 35

Below freezing and above boiling,cells are unable to function as "liquid machinery." However,most organisms' cells are still limited from functioning throughout this full range of liquid temperatures.At the molecular level in different organisms,cells' ability to vary in their tolerance to temperature,etc.,is most closely related to variation in

A)enzyme activity and protein denaturation.
B)ATP efficiency.
C)ability to form glucose polymers.
D)replication of nucleic acids.
E)extent of saturation of fatty acids.

Question 36

Choose the Figure that depicts polymer synthesis.

A)Figure 1
B)Figure 2

Question 37

Which statement is true about RNA?

A)It contains adenine paired to thymine.
B)One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.
C)It contains the sugar deoxyribose.
D)Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA's nucleotides.
E)It is a double-stranded molecule.

Question 38

Migratory birds store energy as glycogen which is lighter than fat.

Question 39

If a segment of DNA has 20% adenine in its base composition,what percent thymine is there?

A)20%
B)80%
C)60%
D)30%

Question 40

Which Figure is that of an unsaturated fat?

A)Figure A
B)Figure B

Question 41

Which of the following is a function of a steroid?

A)sex hormone
B)transmission of genetic information
C)long term energy storage
D)insulation against cold
E)protective layer

Question 42

Due to an increased risk of heart disease many doctors have suggested shifting our diet to include more oils instead of fats.As you cook dinner tonight the recipe calls for 2 tbs of oil.What is the most likely source of the oil you used in preparing your meal?

A)canola or olives
B)bees wax distilled down to an oil form
C)melted butter
D)lard that was left out at room temperature
E)none of these choices are oils

Question 43

What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide?

A)Pentose sugar,phosphate and nitrogen-containing base
B)Pentose sugar,nitrate and phosphorus-containing base
C)Ribose sugar,phosphate and nitrogen-containing base
D)Hydroxide group,phosphate and nitrogen-containing base
E)Pentose sugar,sodium and nitrogen-containing base

Question 44

Which statement below correctly describes why ATP is a high energy structure?

A)ATP contains 2 phosphate bonds that contain high levels of energy
B)ATP contains hydro-carbon chains that hold energy
C)ATP is composed of thymine which is a high energy molecule
D)the last two phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken
E)the first phosphate bond is unstable and easily broken

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a protein function?

A)support
B)transportation
C)defense
D)motion
E)insulation

Question 46

Which of the following protein is correctly matched with its function?

A)hemoglobin is found within the red blood cells
B)myosin is found within the ligaments
C)actin is found within the tendons
D)collagen is found within the muscle cells
E)hemoglobin is found within the cell membrane

Question 47

Which of the following protein structures is exemplified by globular proteins?

A)tertiary
B)secondary
C)primary
D)quaternary
E)all of the protein structures are exemplified by globular proteins

Question 48

Which of the following structures is classified as a nucleic acid?

A)adenine
B)RNA
C)thymine
D)guanine
E)cytosine