Deck 40: Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Question 1

A researcher has isolated a chemical released by men that reduces premenstrual nervousness and tension in women.This is an example of (a)

A)insulin.
B)cortisol.
C)pheromone.
D)prostaglandin.
E)nerve growth factor.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hormones is NOT true?

A)Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream.
B)Hormones are released from exocrine glands.
C)Hormones may be classified as peptides or steroids.
D)Hormones usually affect a target organ.
E)Cells that react to a hormone have specific receptors for that hormone.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The removal of the anterior pituitary gland would result in all of the following except

A)a decrease in the body's ability to lower blood calcium levels.
B)a decrease in the ability to stimulate the adrenal cortex.
C)milk production.
D)production of the sex hormones.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Zoologists extracted the chemical that the Japanese beetle uses to attract a mate,and used it in a trap to reduce the beetle population.Scientists were using a

A)hormone.
B)pesticide.
C)enzyme.
D)pheromone.
E)excretion.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A)pituitary
B)hypothalamus
C)thymus
D)testes
E)All are endocrine glands.

Question 6

Uncommonly large feet,hands,chin,nose,and eyebrow ridges on a normal-sized body are characteristic of the condition ______,that is caused by ______.

A)Cushing's syndrome; adrenal cortex hormones
B)Addison's disease; atrial natriuretic hormone
C)gigantism; overproduction of growth hormone in children
D)pituitary dwarfism; hyposecretion of growth hormone in children
E)acromegaly; overproduction of growth hormone in adults

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in regards to hormone regulation?

A)ADH is released from the pituitary causing water to be reabsorbed in the kidneys.
B)A baby suckles in order to stimulate milk production.
C)The uterine contractions during labor stimulate oxytocin production.
D)All of these are examples of a negative feedback mechanism.
E)None of these are examples of a negative feedback mechanism.

Question 8

________ are hormones that act locally,affecting neighboring cells.

A)Insulin
B)Oxytocin
C)Pheromones
D)Prostaglandins
E)Oxytocin and pheromones are both correct.

Question 9

The same hormone has considerably different effects in different species.The hormone thyroxin in humans stimulates metabolism,but in frogs it induces metamorphosis from tadpole to adult frog.This indicates that

A)the target tissues have evolved different responses.
B)metamorphosis is caused by a change in body metabolism.
C)the organisms have absolutely no evolutionary relationship.
D)the chemical composition of the hormone is actually slightly different.
E)the origin of the hormone makes a difference in the effect the hormone has on target tissues.

Question 10

How are hormone levels regulated?

A)An endocrine gland can respond to the blood level of the hormone it produces.
B)A hormone can trigger a second gland to secrete a hormone that dampens production of the first hormone.
C)A second contrary hormone can counteract the effect of the first hormone.
D)A product can trigger hormone production; the hormone can then reduce the amount of product which in turn reduces the level of hormone.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus by the production of antidiuretic hormones.

Question 12

____ is considered the first messenger,while ____ is called the second messenger.

A)Insulin; glucagon
B)ACTH; cortisol
C)Peptide hormone; cAMP
D)Glucose; insulin
E)TSH; thyroxin

Question 13

Which of the following statements about non-steroid (peptide)hormones is NOT true?

A)Peptide hormones are derived from peptides,proteins,polypeptides,and derivatives of amino acids.
B)Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface.
C)Peptide hormones stimulate the formation cyclic AMP inside the cell.
D)Peptide hormones must enter the cell in order to have an effect.
E)Peptide hormones create an enzyme cascade effect.

Question 14

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones,what effect would it have?

A)Neither steroid nor non-steroid hormones would be effective.
B)Steroid hormones would continue to be effective but non-steroid hormones would be ineffective.
C)Non-steroid hormones would continue to be effective but steroid hormones would be ineffective.
D)Both steroid and non-steroid hormones would continue to be effective.

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics or actions are associated with a steroid hormone?

A)cyclic AMP
B)the second messenger
C)production of new proteins
D)activation of proteins present in an inactive form
E)binding of a protein to a surface receptor on the plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is NOT true?

A)Estrogen is a steroid hormone.
B)Steroid hormones do not bind to cell surface receptors.
C)The hormone-receptor complex can enter the nucleus.
D)The hormone-receptor complex can bind to chromatin.
E)Steroid hormones act faster than non-steroid (peptide)hormones.

Question 17

What is the mode of action of hormones?

A)Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes.
B)Steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes.
C)Hormones are actually precursors or raw materials that are naturally converted to end products by the correct target cell.
D)Hormones are chunks of DNA that are sent out to be incorporated into target cells and become activated to produce hormone products.
E)Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes,while steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes.

Question 18

Which of the following hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the production of cortisol?

A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone
B)thyroxine
C)gonadotropic hormones
D)prolactin
E)melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 19

Which is an example of negative feedback?

A)Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production.
B)When the blood becomes dilute,ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus.
C)Uterine stretching sends nerve impulses to the hypothalamus that releases oxytocin that stimulates uterine contraction.
D)FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to produce sperm or eggs.
E)TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

A)Non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade.
B)Steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein.
C)Non-steroid hormones are either amino acids,peptides,or proteins.
D)Steroid hormones all have four carbon rings with different side chains.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Identify the hormone that is released by the anterior pituitary but does not control other endocrine glands.

A)prolactin
B)thyroid stimulating hormone
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)gonadotropic hormone
E)oxytocin

Question 22

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is NOT true?

A)Type I diabetes is much more common than type II.
B)Obesity can cause diabetes because adipose tissue produces a substance that impairs insulin receptor function.
C)Type I diabetes occurs as a result of destruction of the insulin-producing cells.
D)One method of treating type II diabetes is exercise and a low-fat,low-sugar diet.
E)Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst,frequent urination,and glucose in the urine.

Question 23

The birth of a baby and milk production are synchronized.Babies can be born several months prematurely,and milk production is needed immediately after birth.How has the human body evolved to coordinate this delicate timing of events?

A)The ovaries signal the rest of the body tissues by varying the level of estrogen.
B)Conscious awareness of the arrival of a baby triggers the mother's hypothalamus to secrete prolactin.
C)The hypothalamus and pituitary that triggered the female reproductive cycle also schedule milk production on a nine-month clock basis.
D)ADH produced by the baby passes through the placenta and,added to the mother's ADH,builds up her milk production relative to the size of the fetus.
E)Oxytocin causes both the uterus to contract in labor and the release of milk from mammary glands,which is reinforced by prolactin from the pituitary.

Question 24

The level of sodium in the blood is regulated by the secretion of the mineralocorticoid

A)oxytocin.
B)insulin.
C)cortisol.
D)aldosterone.
E)ACTH.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?

A)influences the blood pressure
B)regulates appetite
C)controls body temperature
D)balances the water balance in the body
E)All are functions of the hypothalamus.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about parathyroid hormone (PTH)is NOT correct?

A)Parathyroid hormone promotes the release of calcium from bones.
B)When blood calcium levels are low,PTH secretion is stimulated.
C)PTH decreases the activity of osteoclasts.
D)PTH promotes the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys.
E)PTH has the opposite effect of calcitonin.

Question 27

Which of the following hormones is (are)NOT a product of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A)growth hormone
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)gonadotropic hormones
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 28

What is the cascade of events that leads to the stress response of the adrenal glands?

A)hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex stimulated to produce glucocorticoids (regulate metabolism and sugar level)
B)hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (regulate metabolism and sugar level)
C)anterior pituitary produces ACTH - hypothalamus releases ACTH-releasing hormone - adrenal cortex hormones then produced
D)adrenal cortex secretes hormones - anterior pituitary secretes ACTH - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone
E)adrenal cortex secretes hormones - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary releases ACTH

Question 29

Which endocrine gland is directly responsible for the secretion of the glucocorticoid cortisol?

A)adrenal cortex
B)hypothalamus
C)adrenal medulla
D)anterior pituitary
E)thyroid gland

Question 30

What gland,located in the brain,produces melatonin?

A)pancreas
B)pineal gland
C)adrenal gland
D)thyroid gland
E)pituitary

Question 31

The over secretion of ______ by the thyroid gland can result in _______________.

A)T₃,hyperthyroidism
B)T₃,hypothyroidism
C)T₄,hypothyroidism
D)calcitonin,hyperthyroidism
E)parathyroid hormone,Grave's disease

Question 32

Which of the following endocrine glands does NOT produce its own hormones,but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal cortex
C)adrenal medulla
D)posterior pituitary
E)anterior pituitary

Question 33

The effects of hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones result in

A)exactly the same symptoms due to failure to have correct hormone levels.
B)exactly opposite symptoms: too much versus too little melanin,thin versus heavy,etc.
C)masculination of women and feminization of men.
D)various mild symptoms that are not life threatening.
E)opposite effects on kidney functions and therefore blood pressure,but varying effects on other target tissues.

Question 34

Hypoparathyroidism leads to a dramatic drop in blood calcium,which causes

A)lethargy and hair loss.
B)tetany (convulsions).
C)sleepiness.
D)mental retardation.
E)cretinism.

Question 35

Simple goiter can be prevented by

A)surgery to remove the thyroid gland.
B)removal of the pituitary.
C)administration of ACTH.
D)administration of insulin.
E)increasing intake of iodine in the diet.

Question 36

A woman with a beard most likely has a malfunctioning

A)pancreas.
B)pituitary.
C)adrenal cortex.
D)adrenal medulla.
E)thyroid.

Question 37

What is a common function of T₃ and T₄?

A)Stimulate cells to metabolize faster.
B)Muscle contraction.
C)Cause the blood calcium to increase.
D)Blood phosphate levels decrease.
E)Cause an increase in the deposition of calcium in the bones.

Question 38

The part of the brain that controls the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the

A)medulla.
B)thalamus.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)hypothalamus.
E)cerebellum.

Question 39

Which is the correct order of hormone secretion in response to inflammation?

A)The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce ACTH which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
B)The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce ACTH which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.
C)The anterior pituitary stimulates the hypothalamus to produce ACTH which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
D)The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce ANH which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
E)The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce ANH which causes the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.

Question 40

What hormone stimulates the production of cortisol?

A)growth hormone
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)gonadotropic hormone
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone

Question 41

Both T₃ and T₄ are produced in the thyroid and are responsible for increasing the metabolic rate of specific organs in the body.

Question 42

The posterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following EXCEPT

A)oxytocin.
B)ADH.
C)prolactin.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 43

Steroid hormones act more slowly and maintain their effects longer than peptide hormones.

Question 44

Which of the following mineralcorticoid is responsible for regulating blood volume and pressure?

A)aldosterone
B)cortisol
C)T₃
D)T₄
E)Calcitonin

Question 45

Removal of the anterior pituitary would result in a decrease in the following functions:

A)production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids
B)production of eggs and sperm,control of the circadian rhythm,cell division and production of glucocorticoids
C)melatonin levels,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids
D)production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,maturation of T lymphocytes and production of glucocorticoids

Question 46

An adolescent female who is hyperactive,nervous,irritable and has eyes that are protruding from their sockets is most likely suffering from ________ which is caused by ___________.

A)Grave's disease,oversecretion of T₃ or T₄ due to antibodies that mimic the effect of TSH.
B)Grave's disease,undersecretion of T₃ or T₄ due to antibodies that mimic the effect of TSH.
C)Cushings disease,oversecretion of T₃ or T₄ due to antibodies that mimic the effect of TSH.
D)Grave's disease,oversecretion of T₃ or T₄ due to antibodies that mimic the effect of calcitonin.
E)Cushings disease,oversecretion of T₃ or T₄ due to antibodies that mimic the effect of parathyroid hormone.

Question 47

Which of the following factors can lead to diabetes insipidus?

A)Abnormally low level of ADH secretion from the hypothalamus which results in low levels of ADH in the posterior pituitary,preventing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
B)Abnormally high level of ADH secretion from the hypothalamus which results in low levels of ADH in the posterior pituitary,preventing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
C)Abnormally low level of ADH secretion from the hypothalamus which results in high levels of ADH in the posterior pituitary,increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
D)Abnormally low level of oxytocin secretion from the hypothalamus which results in low levels of ADH in the posterior pituitary,preventing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
E)Abnormally low level of ADH secretion from the hypothalamus which results in low levels of ADH in the posterior pituitary,increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.