Deck 33: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

Which is NOT part of a description of an antibody molecule?

A)contains two light chains and two heavy chains
B)contains an antigen-binding site on each arm
C)contains a constant and a variable region on each chain
D)forms an X-shaped protein molecule

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following organisms is helping scientists better understand the evolution of the immune system because they have a unique feature during their lifecycle?

A)cellular slime molds
B)B cells
C)archaea
D)planaria
E)viruses

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Immediate allergic responses are caused by ______ antibodies.

A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgM
E)IgD

Answer 3

C

Question 4

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A)absorbing excess tissue fluids and returning them to the bloodstream.
B)transporting gases,nutrients,and metabolic wastes to parts of the body which have exchange boundaries with the external environment.
C)production,maintenance,and distribution of lymphocytes.
D)defending the body against pathogens.

Question 5

The clonal selection theory states that

A)all B cells are exact clones of each other.
B)all T cells are exact clones of each other.
C)when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antigen,it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antigen.
D)when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antibody,it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antibody.

Question 6

Which of the following substances have not been identified as a PAMP?

A)double-stranded DNA
B)double-stranded RNA
C)carbohydrates on the cell walls of bacteria
D)lipids on the cell walls of bacteria
E)proteins on the cell wall of bacteria

Question 7

The reason that cellular slime molds are being used to study the evolution of the immune system is because:

A)cells within the multicellular slug will perform specialized function similar to that of neutrophils and macrophages.
B)cells within the single-celled slug will perform specialized function similar to that of neutrophils and macrophages.
C)cells within the multicellular slug will perform specialized function similar to that of red blood cells.
D)the slug is capable of preventing pathogens from being able to infect it.
E)none of these reasons are why cellular slime molds are being used for studying the evolution of the immune system.

Question 8

All of the following are outward signs of inflammation EXCEPT

A)redness.
B)swelling.
C)pain.
D)lower temperature.

Question 9

As lymph passes through the sinuses of lymph nodes,it is filtered by ______ that engulf debris and pathogens.

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)neutrophils
D)macrophages

Question 10

Innate immunity is more likely to play a role in defending the body against which of the following invaders?

A)microbial pathogens
B)small pox virus
C)chicken pox
D)measles

Question 11

Which of these statements is NOT true about complement?

A)Complement is a complex of plasma proteins that are activated in the presence of pathogens.
B)Complement is required for formation of antigen-antibody complexes.
C)Complement forms holes in bacterial membranes and allows fluid and salts to enter a bacterial cell.
D)Complement attracts phagocytes to the bacterial cell and increases its likelihood of being engulfed.

Question 12

Which of the following definitions best describes the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP's)?

A)PAMP's are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by the host organisms immune system.
B)PAMP's are molecules on a host cell that can be recognized by the pathogen's attack system.
C)PAMP's are molecules on the host immune system that cause it to attack itself as in autoimmune disorders.
D)PAMP's are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by other pathogens so they can exchange genetic material with each other.

Question 13

The lymphoid organ in which B lymphocytes are produced is the

A)red bone marrow.
B)lymph nodes.
C)spleen.
D)thymus gland.
E)All of these produce B lymphocytes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about B cells is true?

A)B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow.
B)B cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C)B cells change into plasma cells after encountering an antigen and then produce antibodies.
D)Some B cells become memory cells.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 15

Most of the lymph fluid is returned to the bloodstream through the thoracic duct to the

A)right ventricle of the heart.
B)right atrium of the heart.
C)left atrium of the heart.
D)right subclavian vein.
E)left subclavian vein.

Question 16

The presence of antibodies in a newborn baby is most often due to

A)exposure of the baby to antigens after birth.
B)antibodies that crossed the placenta from the mother's blood.
C)immunity developed after birth.
D)natural immunity developed in the baby before birth.
E)antibodies are inherited from the father.

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true of the T cells?

A)T cells mature in the thymus.
B)T cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C)T cells change into plasma cells and produce antibodies when stimulated.
D)T cells require presentation of antigens by macrophages before they are able to recognize the antigen.

Question 18

Which kind of T cell is most important in the removal of cancer cells or virally infected cells from the body?

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)suppressor T cells
D)memory T cells

Question 19

Interleukins are

A)proteins produced by virus-infected cells that stimulate an immune response.
B)molecules produced by white blood cells that stimulate other white blood cells,namely T cells.
C)chemicals that enhance all lymphatic organs.
D)proteins produced by plasma cells that stimulate the clotting of blood.

Question 20

The activities of macrophages

A)are part of the nonspecific response against disease.
B)stimulate lymphocytes to carry on specific immunity.
C)stimulate phagocytic neutrophils.
D)do none of these things.
E)are part of the nonspecific response against disease and stimulate phagocytic neutrophils.

Question 21

Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox infection that was very similar to the more dangerous smallpox,as a vaccination to provide patients immunity from future smallpox epidemics.This is an example of

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)an inflammatory response that decreased the IgE production and increased T cells.
D)developing high levels of complement.
E)developing high levels of interferon although Jenner did not realize these diseases were viral.

Question 22

The problem with tissue rejection following organ transplants

A)is due to the tissues being recognized as nonself,and therefore being treated as a foreign substance.
B)can be reduced if the organ donor is a close relative with very similar tissue proteins.
C)can be reduced by administering immunosuppressive drugs.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 23

Adaptive defenses in the body takes longer to become functional,since cells must be recruited to produce specific responses against the antigens.

Question 24

Natural killer (NK)cells that destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells are

A)suppressor T cells (T_S).
B)large,granular lymphocytes.
C)neutrophils.
D)eosinophils.

Question 25

Which of the following pathogens would our innate immunity help protect us against?

A)viruses
B)bacteria
C)fungi
D)Innate immunity would defend us against all of these pathogens.

Question 26

Cytokinines

A)are soluble proteins that act as signaling molecules to stimulate white blood cells.
B)are secreted by macrophages to stimulate the replication of cancer cells.
C)repel neutrophils from the site of infection.
D)inhibit production of T and B cells.

Question 27

The cell responsible for producing a rapid antibody response against a foreign protein when it is encountered years after the first encounter is a

A)memory B cell.
B)memory T cell.
C)killer T cell.
D)plasma cell.

Question 28

Maturation of T cells occurs in the

A)bone marrow.
B)lymph nodes.
C)spleen.
D)thymus.
E)Peyer's patches.

Question 29

Which of the following characterize B cells?

A)They function in antibody mediated immunity against bacteria.
B)They directly recognize antigens and undergo clonal selection.
C)They are manufactured and mature in the bone marrow.
D)All of the choices characterize B cells.
E)None of the choices characterize B cells.

Question 30

If a person is bitten by a highly venomous snake and receives a dose of venom sufficient to kill several people,that person does not have the time to build up his immunity over the next week to neutralize the venom.However,hospitals carry "antivenin" made from injecting horses with small-to-larger dosages of snake venom,and then harvesting the antibodies from the horse plasma.This is an example of

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)developing an inflammatory response to increase the IgG production.
D)receiving high levels of complement.
E)receiving high levels of interferon.

Question 31

Maturation of B cells occurs in the

A)bone marrow.
B)lymph nodes.
C)spleen.
D)thymus.
E)Peyer's patches.

Question 32

Which antibody class is most prevalent in the bloodstream?

A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgM
E)IgD

Question 33

What specific part of the antibody determines the class of the antibody?

A)variable region of the light chain and heavy chain
B)antigen binding sites
C)constant region
D)All of the above are correct.
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following T cells are mismatched with their functions?

A)Helper T cells - secrete cytokines to control immune responses
B)Cytotoxic T cells - destroy non-self proteins
C)Memory T cells - mediate apoptosis
D)All of the choices are correctly matched with their functions.

Question 35

Anaphylactic shock

A)is characterized by a sudden and life-threatening drop in blood pressure.
B)occurs when the allergen has entered the bloodstream.
C)is an immediate allergic reaction.
D)All of the above are true.
E)None of these are true.

Question 36

Which type of immunity is characterized by the production of receptors that will bind to specific antigens?

A)adaptive
B)innate
C)both adaptive and innate
D)neither adaptive or innate

Question 37

Which kind of T cells regulate the immune response by producing stimulatory lymphokines?

A)memory T cells (T_M)
B)suppressor T cells (T_S)
C)cytotoxic T cells (T_C)
D)helper T cells (T_H)

Question 38

Nonspecific defenses against disease include all of the following EXCEPT

A)skin and mucous membranes.
B)natural killer cells.
C)inflammatory reaction.
D)antibodies.
E)complement.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A)Produce and distribute lymphocytes.
B)Absorb excess tissue fluid and return it to the blood stream.
C)Absorb fats and transport them to the bloodstream.
D)All of these are functions of the lymphatic system.

Question 40

_____________ are of the same type since they are derived from the same B cell and are against a specific antigen.

A)Monoclonal antibodies
B)Agglutination factors
C)Autoimmune agents
D)Immunosuppressant agents
E)Allergen antibodies

Question 41

Interferon is a protein that binds to the receptors of non-infected cells causing them to produce substances that interfere with viral replication.

Question 42

Which line of defense would be the most severely impacted if a person was to suffer 3rd degree burns across the majority of their lower body?

A)innate immunity
B)adaptive immunity
C)production of T & B cells
D)the production of complements and interferons

Question 43

Which of the following treatments can benefit from the use of monoclonal antibodies?

A)Determining if a woman is pregnant or not.
B)Diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in young children.
C)Detection and treatment of various forms of breast cancer.
D)All of these treatments can benefit from the use of monoclonal antibodies.

Question 44

Which of the following autoimmune diseases can potentially be avoided by preventing or completely curing a Streptococcus infection?

A)Rheumatic fever
B)Rheumatoid arthritis
C)Systemic lupus
D)HIV

Question 45

Allergies are hypersensitivities to substances that ordinarily would do no harm to the body.

Question 46

Innate immunity is a defense system that becomes fully functional after it has undergone a period of exposure to various pathogens.

Question 47

Rejection of transplanted tissue is treated with immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the activity of B cells.

Question 48

What are the potential symptoms of a person who is suffering from anaphylactic shock?

A)The smooth muscle of the bronchi may constrict.
B)An increased dilation of the capillaries that can lower the blood pressure.
C)The release of a massive amount of histamine within the blood stream.
D)All of the above are potential symptoms of a person who is suffering from anaphylactic shock.

Question 49

Complement and interferon are specific kinds of antibodies.

Question 50

Which of the following immunodeficiency disorders could possibly be treated or prevented by gene therapy during the embryological stage?

A)X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
B)AIDS
C)Asthma
D)None of these disorders can be treated by gene therapy during the embryological stage.

Question 51

Which of the following symptoms can help you recognize a person who is undergoing anaphylactic shock?

A)Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure,increased dilation of the capillaries,constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
B)A gradual allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure,increased dilation of the capillaries,constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
C)Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: an increase in blood pressure,increased dilation of the capillaries,constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
D)Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure,decreased dilation of the capillaries,constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
E)None of these are the symptoms of a person undergoing anaphylactic shock.

Question 52

The first line of defense against invading microorganisms is nonspecific.

Question 53

A failure in the lymphatic valves located in the left subclavian vein may result in

A)edema in the left arm and left ventral chest wall.
B)a decrease of fluid in the left arm and left ventral chest wall.
C)an overproduction of T cells within the thymus.
D)an increase in the amount of lipoproteins in the bloodstream.