Deck 7: The Muscular System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the sliding filament mechanism? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The calcium ions released from the sarcolemma bond to troponin.
B)The sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibits contraction until a nerve impulse arrives.
C)With calcium ions,troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin.
D)Myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
E)Myosin releases the energy from ATP.
F)When a muscle fiber contracts,all of its sarcomeres contract.

Answer 1

C,D,E,F

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of the structure of sarcomeres? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Myosin filaments are in the center of the sarcomere.
B)The T tubules of the sarcolemma are close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C)Troponin and tropomyosin are inhibiting proteins.
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores sodium ions that stimulate contraction.
E)Actin filaments are attached to the Z lines in the center of the sarcomerE.
F)The contracting proteins are actin and myosin.

Answer 2

A,B,C,F

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of movement? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body.
B)The skeletal system moves the muscles.
C)The circulatory system removes CO₂ from the muscles.
D)The nervous system provides impulses to stimulate muscle contraction.
E)Voluntary movement is completely dependent on nerve impulses.
F)If breathing stops,lack of oxygen makes movement impossible after 20 to 30 seconds.

Answer 3

A,C,D,E

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of energy sources for muscle contraction? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The most abundant energy source is ATP.
B)The direct (immediate)energy source is glycogen.
C)When creatine phosphate is used for energy,the waste product urea is formed.
D)Glycogen is stored in muscles for use during exercise.
E)The first step in the use of glycogen for energy is its conversion to glucosE.
F)The energy from creatine phosphate is used to make more ATP.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to exercise? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Respiration increases to take in more O₂ and exhale more CO₂.
B)Heart rate increases to circulate more oxygenated blood to muscles.
C)Sweating increases because more heat is produced as the rate of cell respiration decreases.
D)The arteries to muscles dilate to carry more blood.

Question 6

The organ system that transmits impulses to muscles to cause contraction is the:

A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of muscle tone? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Good tone improves coordination.
B)It is a state of slight contraction.
C)The parietal lobes regulate skeletal muscle tone.
D)It is independent of nerve impulses except in stress situations.
E)The total muscle tone of the body produces a significant amount of body heat.
F)In a cold environment,decreased muscle tone is often felt as shiverin
G)

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The masseter lowers the maxilla.
B)The gluteus maximus flexes the thigh.
C)The biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D)The tibialis anterior extends the foot.
E)The orbicularis oris opens the mout
H)
F)The external obliques help bend the vertebral column.
G)The hamstring group extends the thig
H)
H)The trapezius raises the shoulder.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The molecules that enter the reaction are glucose and water.
B)The purpose is to produce energy for cellular work.
C)An energy by-product is heat.
D)The waste product is carbon dioxide.
E)Oxygen is produced except during very strenuous contraction.
F)As the rate of cell respiration increases,the rate of breathing will decrease to conserve energy.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of oxygen and muscle contraction? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Myoglobin transports oxygen to muscle cells.
B)Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood plasma.
C)When oxygen is present in contracting muscle cells,CO₂ and H₂O are formed.
D)When oxygen is not present in contracting muscle cells,lactic acid is formed.
E)Oxygen debt is the body's need for oxygen to convert lactic acid to proteins.
F)Both myoglobin and hemoglobin can bond to oxygen because they contain the mineral iron.

Question 11

The organ system that transports oxygen to muscles is the:

A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of muscle sense? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The brain forms a picture of where the muscles are.
B)It depends on motor nerve impulses.
C)The receptors in muscle are called reaction receptors.
D)Conscious muscle sense is integrated by the temporal lobes.
E)Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the cerebellum.
F)It is important for everyday tasks and for coordination.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of muscle arrangements? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Antagonistic muscles are those with opposite functions.
B)Synergistic muscles are those with alternating functions.
C)If one muscle pushes a bone one way,another muscle will be needed to push the bone the other way.
D)The muscle that does most of the work of a movement is the first responder.
E)A muscle may have more than one synergist because the bone to be moved may be in several different positions.
F)An antagonist to a muscle is usually found on the opposite side of the joint to be moved.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction?
(Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A.A synapse is the space between two muscle fibers.
B.Acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the sarcolemma.
C.The axon terminal is the end of a sensory neuron.
D.Acetylcholine makes the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium ions.
E.Cholinesterase is an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine so that the impulse will continue at the same strengt
h.
f.The receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma.

Question 15

The organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood is the:

A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of electrical changes at the sarcolemma?
(Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A.A polarized muscle fiber has more Na⁺ ions inside than outside.
B.Depolarization is the movement of K⁺ ions into the cell.
C.Repolarization is the movement of Na⁺ ions out of the cell.
D.A polarized muscle fiber has a positive charge inside and a negative charge outside.
E.Depolarization is a reversal of charges; the cell has a positive charge outside and a negative charge insidE.
f.An action potential is depolarization followed by repolarization.

Question 17

The organ system that forms a framework that is moved by muscles is the:

A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of the brain and movement? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Skeletal muscle contraction is not always dependent on nerve impulses.
B)The frontal lobes generate the impulses for movement.
C)The cerebellum and the frontal lobes work together so well because they are next to each other.
D)Having movements stop appropriately is a function of the cerebellum.
E)Coordination of movements is a function of the cerebellum.
F)The pathway for impulses for flexing the forearm is brain $\rarr$ spinal cord $\rarr$ motor nerves $\rarr$ triceps brachii.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of tendons? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)They are made of fibrous connective tissue.
B)They attach muscle to bone.
C)Many are rope-like,but some are flat.
D)Their fibers merge with the fibers of the fascia and the pericardium.
E)The attaching tendon at a muscle's origin helps provide stability.
F)The attaching tendon at a muscle's insertion is on the bone to be moved.

Question 20

Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The masseter raises the maxilla.
B)The gluteus medius abducts the thigh.
C)The triceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D)The gastrocnemius extends the foot.

Question 21

Muscles with the same function are called:

A)synergists
B)antagonists
C)prime movers
D)secondary movers

Question 22

Which statement is NOT true of organ systems and movement?

A)The bones of the skeletal system are pushed by muscles.
B)The nervous system transmits impulses to cause contraction.
C)The circulatory system delivers oxygen to muscles.
D)The respiratory system gets oxygen into the blood.

Question 23

An antagonist for a muscle on the posterior side of the thigh would be found on the:

A)anterior side of the thigh
B)medial side of the thigh
C)anterior side of the lower leg
D)posterior side of the lower leg

Question 24

The fascia of a muscle is its:

A)fibrous connective tissue sheath
B)protein-contracting fibrils
C)elastic connective tissue sheath
D)protein attachments to bones

Question 25

Muscles must be arranged in antagonistic pairs,because when a muscle contracts:

A)it lengthens and pulls at the same time
B)it can only push a bone in one direction
C)it pulls one way and pushes another
D)it can only pull a bone in one direction

Question 26

Muscles with opposite functions are called:

A)synergists
B)antagonists
C)prime movers
D)secondary movers

Question 27

Which statement is NOT true of gross muscle structure?

A)A tendon connects muscle to bone.
B)The more movable bone attachment is the insertion.
C)The fascia of a muscle merges with the ligaments of a bone.
D)The origin is the more stationary bone attachment.

Question 28

An antagonist for a muscle on the dorsal side of the trunk would be found on the:

A)ventral side of the trunk
B)posterior side of the trunk
C)anterior side of the neck
D)lateral side of the neck

Question 29

Which statement is NOT true of synergistic muscles?

A)These include muscles that have the same function.
B)These include muscles that stabilize a joint to make a more precise movement possible.
C)The muscle that does most of the work is called the main muscle.
D)Synergists are needed because a bone may be in several different positions.

Question 30

The organ system that is not directly necessary for the functioning of the muscular system is the:

A)respiratory system
B)nervous system
C)skeletal system
D)digestive system

Question 31

The more movable attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the:

A)antagonist
B)prime mover
C)origin
D)insertion

Question 32

The structure that connects a muscle to a bone is called a:

A)fascia
B)ligament
C)tendon
D)myofibril

Question 33

Which statement is NOT true of antagonistic muscles?

A)They have opposite functions.
B)They push bones in opposite directions.
C)For useful movements,one contracts and the other relaxes.
D)They are on opposite sides of a joint.

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true of tendons?

A)They connect muscle to bone.
B)They are made of elastic connective tissue.
C)They are very strong.
D)The fibers of a tendon merge with the fascia around a muscle.

Question 35

Two muscles may be called synergists if:

A)they have the same function
B)they are in the same part of the body
C)they have opposite functions
D)one contracts while the other relaxes

Question 36

The insertion of a muscle is its:

A)more stationary attachment
B)junction with the fibers of its tendon
C)more movable attachment
D)junction with its motor nerve

Question 37

Tendons are attached to the ____ of a muscle and the ____ of a bone.

A)fascia/diaphysis
B)fascia/periosteum
C)origin/diaphysis
D)origin/periosteum

Question 38

The origin of a muscle is its:

A)more stationary attachment
B)junction with the fibers of its tendon
C)more movable attachment
D)junction with its motor nerve

Question 39

The more stationary attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the:

A)prime mover
B)antagonist
C)insertion
D)origin

Question 40

Tendons are made of ____ tissue,and are attached to the ____ of a muscle.

A)fibrous connective/fascia
B)elastic connective/fascia
C)fibrous connective/periosteum
D)elastic connective/periosteum

Question 41

The part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:

A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes

Question 42

With respect to skeletal muscles,proprioceptors are important for:

A)muscle sense
B)muscle tone
C)sustained muscle contractions
D)the most strenuous muscle contractions

Question 43

The most abundant energy source for muscle contraction is:

A)ATP
B)creatine phosphate
C)oxygen
D)glycogen

Question 44

The state of slight contraction present in healthy muscles is called:

A)muscle sense
B)muscle tone
C)a twitch
D)oxygen debt

Question 45

The frontal lobes of the cerebrum:

A)initiate muscle contraction
B)coordinate muscle contraction
C)integrate conscious muscle sense
D)integrate unconscious muscle sense

Question 46

Which statement is NOT true of the muscles and the brain?

A)The cerebellum promotes coordination.
B)The parietal lobes of the cerebrum integrate conscious muscle sense.
C)Impulses from the brain are needed for voluntary movement.
D)The frontal lobes of the cerebellum initiate muscle contraction.

Question 47

In muscle contraction,the energy source ____ produces the waste product ____,which is excreted by the kidneys.

A)glycogen/carbon dioxide
B)ATP/carbon dioxide
C)glycogen/creatinine
D)creatine phosphate/creatinine

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true of muscle sense?

A)The receptors are called stretch receptors.
B)The brain creates a mental picture of where the muscles are.
C)We don't have to see our muscles to know where they are.
D)Muscle sense is not necessary for coordination.

Question 49

Muscle tone in a skeletal muscle is a state of:

A)slight contraction that does not depend upon nerve impulses
B)prolonged contraction necessary to do efficient work
C)slight contraction that depends upon nerve impulses
D)relaxation to prepare for contraction

Question 50

Which of these is NOT a purpose of good muscle tone?

A)to improve coordination
B)to produce body heat
C)to help maintain posture
D)to perform strenuous exercise

Question 51

Muscle sense is important for:

A)heat production,especially in cold weather
B)coordination
C)increasing strength in muscles
D)relaxing when strenuous activity is over

Question 52

The part of the brain that integrates conscious muscle sense is the:

A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes

Question 53

The energy sources for muscle contraction,in the order in which they are used,are:

A)glycogen,ATP,creatine phosphate
B)ATP,creatine phosphate,glycogen
C)creatine phosphate,ATP,glycogen
D)ATP,glycogen,creatine phosphate

Question 54

Which statement is NOT true of muscle tone?

A)It produces body heat.
B)It depends upon nerve impulses.
C)A small number of muscle fibers in a muscle are contracted.
D)It is a state of slight contraction that does not require ATP.

Question 55

The part of the brain that uses unconscious muscle sense to promote coordination is the:

A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes

Question 56

Knowing where our muscles are without looking at them is called:

A)muscle sense,and it involves stretch receptors in muscles
B)coordination,and it involves stretch receptors in muscles
C)muscle sense,and it involves stretch receptors in the brain
D)coordination,and it involves stretch receptors in the brain

Question 57

The cerebellum of the brain:

A)initiates muscle contraction and regulates muscle tone
B)regulates coordination and conscious muscle sense
C)initiates muscle contraction and regulates coordination
D)regulates muscle tone and unconscious muscle sense

Question 58

With respect to muscles,glycogen is:

A)the most abundant energy source
B)stored in muscles
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and is made of glucose

Question 59

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement is the:

A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes

Question 60

The direct energy source for muscle contraction is:

A)ATP
B)creatine phosphate
C)oxygen
D)glycogen

Question 61

The term oxygen debt means:

A)breathing has stopped and there is no oxygen in the blood
B)muscles lack the oxygen needed to complete cell respiration
C)the liver owes the muscles some oxygen
D)there is too little oxygen in the lungs

Question 62

In cell respiration in muscles,the product that is used for muscle contraction is:

A)carbon dioxide
B)ATP
C)heat
D)water

Question 63

Which statement is NOT true of oxygen and muscles?

A)Myoglobin in muscles stores some oxygen.
B)Hemoglobin in RBCs brings oxygen to muscles.
C)Both hemoglobin and myoglobin are lipids that contain iron.
D)Muscle fibers must have oxygen to complete cell respiration.

Question 64

Which statement is NOT true of the energy sources for muscle contraction?

A)The energy from creatine phosphate is used to make more ATP.
B)The ATP stored in muscles lasts only a few seconds.
C)The glycogen stored in muscles lasts only a few seconds.
D)The creatinine produced will be excreted by the kidneys.

Question 65

Which statement is NOT true of the energy sources for muscle contraction?

A)When ATP is used up,muscle fatigue begins.
B)Glycogen is a form of stored energy.
C)Glycogen is made from glucose.
D)Creatine phosphate is a secondary energy source.

Question 66

In the neuromuscular junction,the space between the neuron and the muscle fiber is called the:

A)synapse
B)axon terminal
C)sarcolemma
D)sarcomere

Question 67

In cell respiration in muscles,the product that contributes to body temperature is:

A)carbon dioxide
B)ATP
C)water
D)heat

Question 68

A contributing factor to fatigue in exercising muscles is:

A)lactic acid
B)oxygen
C)creatine phosphate
D)carbonic acid

Question 69

Both hemoglobin and myoglobin are able to bond to oxygen because they contain:

A)copper
B)protein
C)glucose
D)iron

Question 70

In cell respiration in muscles,the product that is a waste product is:

A)carbon dioxide
B)ATP
C)heat
D)water

Question 71

The function of myoglobin is to:

A)store some oxygen in muscles
B)carry oxygen to muscles in blood plasma
C)carry oxygen to muscles in RBCs
D)store some oxygen in blood plasma

Question 72

In the neuromuscular junction,the end of the motor neuron is called the:

A)synapse
B)axon terminal
C)sarcolemma
D)sarcomere

Question 73

During muscle contraction,oxygen is brought to muscles by:

A)hemoglobin in blood plasma
B)hemoglobin in RBCs
C)myoglobin in RBCs
D)myoglobin in muscle cells

Question 74

During strenuous exercise,the production of ____ when there is no ____ present in the muscle fibers contributes to muscle fatigue.

A)lactic acid/oxygen
B)oxygen/lactic acid
C)carbon dioxide/glucose
D)lactic acid/carbon dioxide

Question 75

During muscle contraction,oxygen is stored for muscles by:

A)hemoglobin in blood plasma
B)hemoglobin in muscles
C)myoglobin in blood plasma
D)myoglobin in muscles

Question 76

When lactic acid accumulates in exercising muscle cells,the result is:

A)contraction debt
B)fatigue
C)tetanus
D)spasm

Question 77

In the neuromuscular junction,the membrane of the muscle fiber is called the:

A)muscle terminal
B)sarcomere
C)sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)sarcolemma

Question 78

At the neuromuscular junction,the axon terminal contains:

A)acetylcholine to be stored when an impulse arrives
B)cholinesterase to return the impulse to the neuron
C)acetylcholine to transmit the impulse to the muscle fiber
D)cholinesterase to prevent unwanted continuous contractions

Question 79

The mineral iron is important to muscles because it:

A)enables nerve impulses to reach muscle fibers
B)is part of myoglobin
C)is part of myosin
D)helps stop excessive nerve impulses to prevent fatigue

Question 80

Which statement is NOT true of cell respiration in muscles?

A)ATP is the energy product used for contraction.
B)The water produced must be excreted.
C)Oxygen is required for the complete breakdown of glucose.
D)The carbon dioxide produced will be removed by the circulating blood.