Deck 16: The Digestive System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the large intestine? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The appendix is a small,dead-end extension of the ascending colon.
B)An important function of the colon is the absorption of water.
C)The splenic flexure is the junction of the transverse colon and the descending colon.
D)The internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle that surrounds the anus.
E)The external anal sphincter is striated muscle that contracts to permit defecation.
F)The normal flora of the colon produces vitamins and inhibits the growth of pathogens.
G)The stimulus for the defecation reflex is contraction of the sigmoid colon.
H)The ileocecal valve prevents backup of feces into the small intestine.

Answer 1

B,C,D,F,H

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of the layers of the alimentary tube? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The submucosa is made of stratified epithelium and blood vessels.
B)The external muscle layer typically has three layers of smooth muscle.
C)Cells of the mucosa secrete the digestive enzymes of an organ (if any).
D)Lymphatic tissue is found in the mucosa.
E)The serosa below the diaphragm is the visceral peritoneum,and above the diaphragm it is the visceral pleura.
F)Auerbach's (myenteric)plexus is part of the enteric nervous system for the external muscle layer.

Answer 2

C,D,F

Question 3

The digestive organ that encircles the small intestine within the abdominal cavity is the:

A)stomach
B)liver
C)colon
D)pancreas

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The pancreas is located between the ____ medially and the ____ laterally.

A)duodenum/ileum
B)spleen/jejunum
C)spleen/ileum
D)duodenum/spleen

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the locations of the digestive organs? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The liver is just below the diaphragm,primarily in the upper left quadrant.
B)The parotid salivary glands are below the floor of the mouth.
C)The stomach is posterior to the spleen and inferior to the pancreas.
D)The gallbladder is on the upper surface of the right lobe of the liver.
E)The oropharynx is between the mouth and the esophagus and is covered by the epiglottis during swallowin
G)
F)The large intestine turns at the spleen on the right side and at the liver on the left sidE.
G)The pancreas extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the spleen.
H)None are correct.

Question 6

Which of these organs is NOT an accessory organ of digestion?

A)teeth
B)pharynx
C)gallbladder
D)salivary glands

Question 7

The liver is found mainly in the ____ abdominal quadrant.

A)upper right
B)upper left
C)lower right
D)lower left

Question 8

The organ that is encircled by the large intestine is the:

A)small intestine
B)pancreas
C)liver
D)gallbladder

Question 9

The digestive organ that is between the duodenum and the spleen is the:

A)pancreas
B)esophagus
C)small intestine
D)liver

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of the end products of digestion? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Proteins are digested to amino acids.
B)Starches are digested to glucose and glycerol.
C)Fatty acids are an end product of the digestion of triglycerides.
D)Capillary networks in the villi of the small intestine absorb amino acids,monosaccharides,and water.
E)Lacteals in the villi absorb fat-soluble vitamins; bile salts are necessary.
F)Capillary networks in the villi absorb water-soluble vitamins,and the intrinsic factor is necessary for vitamin B₆.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of the digestive processes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Chewing and the churning of the stomach are the only forms of mechanical digestion.
B)Chemical digestion requires enzymes,each of which is specific for one type of food.
C)An enzyme that requires a pH of 2 usually will not work at a pH of 8.
D)Mechanical digestion is helpful because it increases the surface area of food for enzymes to function efficiently.

Question 12

The digestive organ that extends from the stomach to the colon is the:

A)pancreas
B)esophagus
C)liver
D)small intestine

Question 13

The alimentary tube extends from the:

A)esophagus to colon
B)pharynx to anus
C)mouth to anus
D)pharynx to colon

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of the pharynx and esophagus? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Peristalsis of the esophagus is part of the swallowing reflex.
B)The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are passageways for both food and air (at different times).
C)The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)is usually contracted,except when something is swallowed.
D)No digestion takes place in the pharynx or esophagus.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the teeth,tongue,and saliva? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The pulp cavity of a tooth contains blood vessels and ending of the facial nerve.
B)The only voluntary part of swallowing is contraction of the tongue,which pushes the mouth contents backward.
C)Contraction of the tongue involves the glossopharyngeal nerves.
D)The three pairs of salivary glands are innervated by the facial and trigeminal nerves.
E)Saliva contains amylase to digest starch and lysozyme to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
F)Without saliva,food cannot be tasted.

Question 16

The digestive organ that fills the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity is the:

A)colon
B)liver
C)stomach
D)pancreas

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of the stomach? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and the intrinsic factor.
B)The hormone gastrin decreases gastric motility.
C)Pepsin begins the chemical digestion of proteins.
D)The external muscle layer has only the typical circular and longitudinal layers.
E)The pyloric sphincter prevents backup of stomach contents into the esophagus.
F)Parasympathetic impulses carried by the vagus nerves increase the motility of the stomac
H)

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of the liver? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The liver stores vitamins E,K,and B₆,and the minerals iron and sodium.
B)Excess cholesterol is excreted into bile to be eliminated in feces.
C)The liver produces the essential amino acids needed for body proteins.
D)Excess glucose is stored as glycogen,and the hormone glucagon facilitates this process.
E)Kupffer cells phagocytize bacteria that may get to the liver.
F)Deamination produces urea,a nitrogenous waste product that will be excreted by the kidneys.
G)Fatty acids are converted to glycerol in the process of beta-oxidation.
H)Albumin is synthesized and is important to maintain blood volume.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of the liver,gallbladder,and pancreas? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Amylase,lipase,and trypsin are all secreted by the pancreas.
B)The gallbladder stores bile and dilutes it to the proper concentration.
C)The liver produces bile to emulsify fats in the duodenum,a form of mechanical digestion.
D)The pancreatic duct empties into the duodenum distal to the common bile duct.
E)The common bile duct is formed by the hepatic duct from the liver and the subhepatic duct from the gallbladder.
F)The hormone cholecystokinin causes contraction of the gallbladder.
G)The bicarbonate juice produced by the pancreas helps lower the pH of the chyme in the duodenum.
H)Secretion of pancreatic enzymes is stimulated by the hormone secretin.

Question 20

Which of these organs is NOT part of the alimentary tube?

A)pancreas
B)colon
C)stomach
D)esophagus

Question 21

Which food is NOT paired with the proper end products of digestion?

A)fats - fatty acids and glycerol
B)carbohydrates - polysaccharides
C)proteins - amino acids
D)All of these pairs are correct.

Question 22

The esophagus is ____ to the trachea and ____ to the spine.

A)posterior/anterior
B)posterior/superior
C)anterior/posterior
D)anterior/superior

Question 23

Which of these is NOT an example of chemical digestion?

A)the action of lipase on fats
B)the action of trypsin on protein
C)the action of bile salts on fats
D)the action of amylase on starch

Question 24

The gallbladder is found on the ____ of the liver.

A)undersurface of the left lobe
B)upper surface of the left lobe
C)upper surface of the right lobe
D)undersurface of the right lobe

Question 25

The purpose of chemical digestion is to:

A)change complex food molecules into simpler ones
B)change simple food molecules into complex ones
C)use food for energy production
D)break food into smaller pieces with more surface area

Question 26

In the villi of the small intestine,water is absorbed into the:

A)capillary networks by active transport
B)lacteals in combination with bile salts
C)capillary networks by osmosis
D)lacteals by active transport

Question 27

Which of these is NOT an example of mechanical digestion?

A)the action of the teeth and tongue
B)the action of pepsin on protein
C)contractions of the small intestine
D)the churning of the stomach

Question 28

The purpose of mechanical digestion is to:

A)change complex food molecules into simpler ones
B)change simple food molecules into complex ones
C)use food for energy production
D)break food into smaller pieces with more surface area

Question 29

The processes of chemical digestion take place within the:

A)oral cavity,stomach,and colon
B)stomach and small intestine
C)oral cavity,stomach,and small intestine
D)small intestine and large intestine

Question 30

Which of these end products of digestion is NOT absorbed by the capillary networks in the villi?

A)amino acids
B)minerals
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D

Question 31

In the villi of the small intestine,glucose is absorbed into the:

A)lacteals in combination with bile salts
B)capillary networks by active transport
C)capillary networks by osmosis
D)lacteals by active transport

Question 32

Anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea is the ____.

A)stomach
B)esophagus
C)pharynx
D)pancreas

Question 33

The process of breaking food into smaller pieces with more surface area is called:

A)chemical digestion
B)energy digestion
C)cell respiration
D)mechanical digestion

Question 34

Which of these end products of digestion is NOT absorbed by the lacteals in the villi?

A)sodium ions
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin A

Question 35

The processes of chemical digestion take place within:

A)all parts of the alimentary tube
B)some parts of the alimentary tube
C)some parts of the alimentary tube and some accessory organs
D)some accessory organs

Question 36

The end products of fat digestion are:

A)amino acids
B)fatty acids and glycerol
C)fatty acids and glucose
D)monosaccharides

Question 37

In the villi of the small intestine,fatty acids are absorbed into the:

A)lacteals in combination with bile salts
B)capillary networks by active transport
C)capillary networks by osmosis
D)lacteals by osmosis

Question 38

The process of changing complex food molecules into simpler molecules is called:

A)chemical digestion
B)energy digestion
C)cell respiration
D)mechanical digestion

Question 39

The end products of protein digestion are:

A)fatty acids
B)nucleic acids
C)amino acids
D)glycerol acids

Question 40

The end products of carbohydrate digestion are:

A)monosaccharides
B)glycerol and fatty acids
C)starches
D)polysaccharides

Question 41

The part of saliva that dissolves food for tasting is:

A)water
B)lysozyme
C)amylase
D)mucus

Question 42

Which of these is NOT a function of the tongue?

A)digestion of starch
B)chewing
C)taste
D)swallowing

Question 43

The trigeminal pair of cranial nerves is important for:

A)movement of the tongue
B)sensation in teeth
C)swallowing
D)all of these

Question 44

The function of salivary amylase is to begin the digestion of:

A)fats
B)starches
C)proteins
D)cholesterol

Question 45

The part of saliva that digests starch to maltose is:

A)water
B)lysozyme
C)amylase
D)mucus

Question 46

The part of saliva that inhibits the growth of bacteria is:

A)water
B)lysozyme
C)amylase
D)mucus

Question 47

Which statement is NOT true of the teeth?

A)The pulp cavity contains blood vessels and branches of the trigeminal nerve.
B)A complete set of permanent teeth numbers 32.
C)A hard chewing surface is provided by dentine,which is similar to bone.
D)The teeth are found in sockets in the mandible and maxillae.

Question 48

The facial and glossopharyngeal cranial nerves are important for:

A)the sense of taste
B)secretion of saliva
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and for movement of the tongue

Question 49

The function of salivary lysozyme is to:

A)begin the digestion of proteins
B)dissolve sugars
C)begin the emulsification of fats
D)inhibit the growth of bacteria

Question 50

The salivary glands located just in front of the ears are the:

A)subpharyngeal glands
B)sublingual glands
C)submandibular glands
D)parotid glands

Question 51

Which of these cranial nerves is NOT paired with its correct function?

A)hypoglossal - movement of the tongue
B)facial - taste
C)glossopharyngeal - secretion of saliva
D)facial - sensation in teeth

Question 52

The part of a tooth that anchors a tooth in its socket is the:

A)enamel
B)pulp cavity
C)periodontal membrane
D)dentine

Question 53

Which of these is NOT considered an end product of digestion?

A)minerals
B)vitamins
C)water
D)cellulose

Question 54

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the:

A)enamel
B)pulp cavity
C)periodontal membrane
D)dentine

Question 55

Which statement is NOT true of the absorption of end products of digestion in the small intestine?

A)Nutrients are absorbed into either lacteals or capillary networks within the villi.
B)Water-soluble end products are absorbed into the capillary networks.
C)Fat-soluble end products are absorbed into the lacteals.
D)The blood from the lacteals travels first to the liver with its absorbed end products.

Question 56

The part of a tooth that provides a hard chewing surface is the:

A)enamel
B)pulp cavity
C)periodontal membrane
D)dentine

Question 57

The salivary glands located at the posterior corners of the lower jaw are the:

A)subpharyngeal glands
B)sublingual glands
C)submandibular glands
D)parotid glands

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true of swallowing?

A)The pharynx contracts and propels food into the esophagus.
B)The tongue pushes the food toward the pharynx.
C)Peristalsis of the esophagus propels food toward the stomach.
D)The epiglottis is elevated to cover the nasopharynx.

Question 59

The salivary glands that are located below the floor of the mouth are the:

A)subpharyngeal glands
B)sublingual glands
C)submandibular glands
D)parotid glands

Question 60

The part of a tooth that forms the roots of a tooth is the:

A)enamel
B)pulp cavity
C)periodontal membrane
D)dentine

Question 61

The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to:

A)contract to permit food to enter the stomach
B)relax to prevent backup of food from the esophagus
C)relax to prevent backup of food into the esophagus
D)contract to prevent backup of food into the esophagus

Question 62

The effect of parasympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary tube is to:

A)decrease peristalsis
B)decrease secretions
C)decrease secretions and peristalsis
D)increase peristalsis

Question 63

The function of the enteric nervous system is to regulate:

A)the secretions and contractions of the alimentary tube
B)only the secretions of the entire digestive system
C)only the contractions of the alimentary tube
D)the secretions and contractions of the entire digestive system

Question 64

Backup of food from the stomach to the esophagus is prevented by the:

A)upper esophageal sphincter
B)lower esophageal sphincter
C)gastric sphincter
D)pyloric sphincter

Question 65

The layer of the alimentary tube that contains Meissner's plexus to regulate secretions is the:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)external muscle layer
D)mesentery

Question 66

The mucosa of the alimentary tube is responsible for:

A)secretion of enzymes and mucus
B)absorption
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and for most of peristalsis

Question 67

The Peyer's patches of the small intestine are:

A)bundles of smooth muscle where peristalsis is needed most
B)lymph nodules
C)the groups of epithelial cells that have microvilli
D)the parts of the mucosa with clusters of goblet cells

Question 68

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is called the:

A)peritoneum
B)parietal pleura
C)mesentery
D)visceral pleura

Question 69

The cranial nerves to the alimentary tube are the:

A)vagus nerves
B)accessory nerves
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B,because there are no cranial nerves to the intestines

Question 70

The effect of sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary tube is to:

A)increase peristalsis
B)decrease peristalsis
C)increase secretions
D)increase secretions and peristalsis

Question 71

The layer of the alimentary tube that is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs is the:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)external muscle layer
D)mesentery

Question 72

The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes:

A)as part of the swallowing reflex
B)as soon as swallowed food has reached the stomach
C)most of the time while the stomach is contracting
D)whenever swallowing is not taking place

Question 73

The lymph nodules of the small intestine are called:

A)Peyer's patches
B)L cells
C)pumpkin patches
D)LN cells

Question 74

The cells of the lymph nodules of the alimentary tube will:

A)phagocytize microbes that penetrate the mucosa
B)produce antibodies to microbes that penetrate the mucosa
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and help initiate immunity to such microbes

Question 75

The layer of the alimentary tube that is responsible for peristalsis is the:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)external muscle layer
D)mesentery

Question 76

The external muscle layer of the alimentary tube is responsible for:

A)peristalsis
B)mechanical digestion
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and for some chemical digestion

Question 77

The layer of the alimentary tube that contains Auerbach's plexus is the:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)external muscle layer
D)serosa

Question 78

The layer of the alimentary tube that produces digestive secretions is the:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)external muscle layer
D)mesentery

Question 79

The hormone that decreases peristalsis is:

A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin
D)epinephrine

Question 80

Meissner's plexus and Auerbach's plexus are part of the:

A)enteric nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)mesenteric nervous system
D)endoteric nervous system