Deck 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the health habits of Americans?

A)Exercise has increased among Americans.
B)Obesity among American children is showing a declining trend.
C)Smoking has increased among Americans.
D)Alcohol consumption pattern among Americans remains unchanged.

Answer 1

Alcohol consumption pattern among Americans remains unchanged.

Question 2

Which of the following is an essential goal of health care?

A)Developing a common objective for different groups in a population
B)Providing free health care access to children
C)Preventing poor health habits from developing
D)Adopting an expensive treatment plan for curing chronic diseases

Answer 2

Preventing poor health habits from developing

Question 3

According to the text, over the years, Americans' alcohol consumption pattern has _____.

A)decreased
B)increased
C)become more variable
D)remained unchanged

Answer 3

remained unchanged

Question 4

Early drug prevention programs, such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE), are examples of _____ programs.

A)cost containment
B)behavioral immunization
C)cost effectiveness
D)treatment effectiveness

Question 5

Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity:

A)reduces health care costs.
B)produces a lower quality of life.
C)is unnecessary as death is inevitable.
D)is not a productive move.

Question 6

Which of the following health trends about the United States is true?

A)The percentage of smokers in the United States has increased from 19.3% in 2000 to 23.2% in 2010.
B)Most number of Americans died in traffic fatalities in 2011 than in any other year.
C)Life expectancy in the U.S.reached an all-time high of 78.5 years in 2009.
D)The overall percentage of adults with high cholesterol rose from 13.6 in 2008 to 14.6 in 2010.

Question 7

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is designed to:

A)grant free healthcare access under the law to illegal immigrants.
B)provide health care free of cost to lower-class individuals.
C)maximize the number of people who are insured for health benefits.
D)exempt the Congress from acquiring health benefits.

Question 8

Sara, a health psychologist, uses technology effectively to implement behavioral interventions.To ensure a patient with a poor memory to adhere to the medicine intake schedule strictly, she will most likely:

A)send electronic reminders to take medications at the appropriate time.
B)develop a website with complete information about the medicines.
C)visit the patient every day and check if medicines have been taken on time.
D)print the schedule from her computer and mail it to the customer's home.

Question 9

A continued collaboration with the medical community and medical treatments by psychologists is vital in a _____.

A)cost-contained approach
B)physician-centered approach
C)patient-centered approach
D)cost-oriented approach

Question 10

In the future, health promotion interventions will most likely be designed for:

A)female workforce.
B)child laborers.
C)small groups of adults.
D)mass consumption.

Question 11

Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward:

A)reducing the period of morbidity.
B)delaying mortality.
C)early identification of risk factors.
D)increasing mortality.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of people who are at risk for particular disorders?

A)Individuals at risk are unable to change their modifiable risk-relevant behaviors.
B)Everyone who is at risk for an illness will develop it.
C)Individuals at risk need to learn how to cope with their risk status.
D)Everyone at risk for a particular disorder develops additional risk factors that lead to death.

Question 13

Health promotion programs that target the elderly:

A)are a waste of money because health habits are established early in life.
B)will become less important as the size of the elderly cohort will decline over the next 10 years.
C)will become important as the size of the elderly cohort continues to increase over the next 10 years.
D)will become less important because the elderly cohort is exceptionally healthy and active.

Question 14

_____ is expected to bring insurance coverage to many of the currently uninsured in the United States.

A)State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
B)The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
C)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)
D)Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act(COBRA)

Question 15

Several schools organize programs that expose fifth and sixth graders to antismoking before they begin the habit of smoking.This is an example of a _____ program.

A)cost containment
B)behavioral immunization
C)cost effectiveness
D)treatment effectiveness

Question 16

Interventions programs for older adults should focus on:

A)controlling alcohol consumption.
B)producing a lower quality of life.
C)reducing accidental risks at home.
D)practicing good safety habits in automobiles.

Question 17

In general, the health trends for most Americans have _____ in recent years.

A)improved
B)remained unchanged
C)become more variable
D)worsened

Question 18

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was initiated by President:

A)Barack Obama.
B)George W.Bush.
C)Bill Clinton.
D)Ronald Reagan.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of health-related issues?

A)All health-related issues can be solved by education.
B)Policy interventions are equally essential to tackle health problems.
C)Many lifestyle issues that affect health are very easy to change.
D)Physicians need no training as they are familiar with interventions in treatment.

Question 20

_____ is currently endemic and will shortly supplant smoking as the major avoidable contributor to mortality.

A)Hypertension
B)Obesity
C)Deafness
D)CHD

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the racial and ethnic differences in health?

A)Native Americans have higher levels of depression, hostility, and anxiety.
B)African Americans and whites have the same life expectancy.
C)African Americans have a higher infant mortality rate than whites.
D)Whites have a higher likelihood for chronic diseases than African Americans.

Question 22

Low socio-economic status is linked to:

A)lower rates of chronic illnesses.
B)lower risk of accidents.
C)low-birth-weight babies.
D)high quality of life.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of social support?

A)Virtual self-help groups are incapable of providing social support.
B)Social support is likely to increase stress.
C)Social support is likely to benefit both the provider and the recipient.
D)Social support seldom benefits the recipient.

Question 24

Maximizing the number of good years during which a person is free from the burdens of chronic illness:

A)has no effect on the patients.
B)reduces the mortality rate.
C)increases the financial burden of the person's family.
D)produces a higher quality of life.

Question 25

The first step in developing cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life is:

A)to allow patients to treat themselves in nontraditional ways.
B)to discuss the ethical issues surrounding death and dying with patients.
C)to inform patients about the costs involved in the treatment.
D)to conduct initial assessment during the acute period.

Question 26

According to the 2011 report of the National Center for Health Statistics, more than _____ percent of the population in the U.S.has no health insurance.

A)52
B)17
C)30
D)75

Question 27

Health care in the United States is:

A)increasingly egalitarian.
B)easily accessible and is free of cost.
C)largely financed by the government.
D)currently a two-tiered system.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of the health care system in the United States?

A)Health care cost is highly economical in the U.S.
B)Health care services are being inappropriately used by consumers.
C)Health care for free-of-cost is operated by private insurance companies.
D)The U.S.has no history of health care reforms.

Question 29

_____ have poorer health at all ages and higher levels of depression, hostility, anxiety, and other emotional risk factors for chronic disease.

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Pacific Islanders

Question 30

Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate:

A)all the available non-traditional treatment methods.
B)assessment only during the terminal period of illness.
C)restrictions on addressing ethical issues surrounding death and dying.
D)cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.

Question 31

The most significant change in American health care that has implications for health psychology is:

A)the expense of high technology.
B)the trends in physician education.
C)the rapid growth of prepaid, colleague-centered service.
D)the increasing preference for private, client-centered practices.

Question 32

Women live, on average, _____ years longer than men.

A)8.5
B)2.5
C)4.5
D)6.5

Question 33

Women's risk for heart disease _____ following menopause.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)disappears
D)remains the same

Question 34

Which of the following stressors is most likely to affect vulnerable populations?

A)Social support
B)Family income
C)Smoking
D)Crowding

Question 35

_____ play an important role in creating responsible and informed health care consumers and in the development and design of health services.

A)Social workers
B)Self-help groups
C)Academic institutions
D)Health psychologists

Question 36

Which of the following is true of women's health?

A)They live five years longer than men.
B)They are sick more often than men.
C)They are decreasing their use of health-compromising substances.
D)They are the subjects of research in studies of many major diseases.

Question 37

Barbara helps her clients to identify the workplace characteristics tied to stress.She designs interventions to minimize the stressors that affect them.She is a(n) ????_____ stress researcher.

A)occupational
B)nutritional
C)traumatic
D)episodic acute

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of vulnerable population?

A)The rich
B)The insured
C)The elderly
D)Men

Question 39

_____ is the only country where health care for most people is financed by for-profit, minimally regulated, private insurance companies.

A)United States
B)United Kingdom
C)Japan
D)Australia

Question 40

Trends within medical care suggest that the problem of patient-practitioner communication is likely to:

A)improve.
B)worsen.
C)discontinue after treatment.
D)become less important.

Question 41

Pain management programs, hospices, and CHD rehabilitation programs are examples of:

A)coordinated intervention models.
B)out-patient treatment models.
C)comprehensive intervention models.
D)fee-for-service models.

Question 42

Most health psychologists work in:

A)private practice.
B)hospitals and clinics.
C)academic settings.
D)governmental agencies.

Question 43

A subfield within psychology that studies the primary task of interventions with patients is:

A)social psychology.
B)clinical psychology.
C)physiological psychology.
D)developmental psychology.

Question 44

_____ medicine is the conscientious, explicit, judicious use of the best scientific proof for making decisions about the care of individual patients.

A)Treatment effective
B)Cost-contained
C)Cost effective
D)Evidence-based

Question 45

Changes in society, technology, and microorganisms are leading to:

A)the decreased frequency of chronic illness among children.
B)the disappearance of all the chronic diseases.
C)the decrease in the cost of treatment.
D)the emergence of new diseases.

Question 46

To date, research has yet to establish the effectiveness of behavioral immunization programs that address health habits such as smoking, drug abuse, and diet.

Question 47

_____testing enables an increasing number of people to know that they have a risk for illness even before they develop that illness.

A)Stress
B)Psychometric
C)Genetic
D)Psychological

Question 48

_____ is a subfield within psychology that gives importance to studies on health of children and the factors affecting it.

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 49

Although some of the racial difference in health stems from differences in socioeconomic status, some are due to the stresses of racial differences.

Question 50

Americans have made substantial gains in changing poor health habits, including reduced consumption of high-cholesterol and high-fat foods.

Question 51

Emma wants to become a health psychologist and conduct research on the lifestyle choices that impact the management of Type II Diabetes.To what kind of graduate program should Emma apply?

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 52

_____ is a subfield within psychology that focuses heavily on the biology and neurological aspects of health psychology.

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of international health?

A)Life expectancy has increased only in developing countries.
B)Smoking has declined in the United States.
C)Disease prevalence remains similar for all the countries.
D)Chronic diseases have decreased in many developing countries.

Question 54

The adverse effect of low socioeconomic status on health is true only for men and is not associated with women.

Question 55

The use of new technologies in medical care may be frightening for some people.A health psychologist can assist such patients and their families by:

A)testifying before government committees on the hazards of technology.
B)teaching control-enhancing techniques to help reduce fear.
C)advising the patient's physician on ethical issues.
D)developing complex decision making tools.

Question 56

The current trend toward cost containment pushes health psychology in the direction of research questions designed to:

A)develop readily available low-cost inpatient services.
B)keep people within the health care system.
C)increase the costs of providing health care services.
D)develop interventions that are symptom focused.

Question 57

_____ have an important role to play in addressing thorny issues such as assisted suicide, living will, and the patient's right to die.

A)Clinical psychologists
B)Therapists
C)Health psychologists
D)Psychiatrists

Question 58

Comprehensive intervention models:

A)concentrate and coordinate medical and psychological expertise.
B)are yet to be developed for chronic diseases.
C)have proven to be less expensive than any other model.
D)do not define the highest quality of care and treatment effectiveness.

Question 59

As the elderly population increases, a corresponding increase is expected in the incidence of:

A)acute, life-threatening disorders.
B)accidental deaths.
C)chronic disorders.
D)SIDS.

Question 60

Low SES is linked to higher rates of chronic illness and low-birth-weight babies.

Question 61

There is no role for health psychologists in international health.

Question 62

Discuss the path to becoming a health psychologist.How can undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate work contribute towards gaining employment?

Question 63

The issue of treatment effectiveness is becoming less urgent because behavioral and psychological interventions have become well established in managed health care systems.

Question 64

Research suggests that because men and women differ biologically, smoking is only half as hazardous for women as for men.

Question 65

Behavioral immunization programs can be effectively used in health promotion among children.Justify the statement with examples.

Question 66

The health needs of vulnerable populations: the children, the elderly, and the poor are given special priority in the study of stress and its reduction.

Question 67

What is the impact of technology on changing medical practices?

Question 68

As medicine becomes technologically more complex, the use of control-enhancing interventions will become even more important.

Question 69

Explain current pressures toward cost containment of health care costs.

Question 70

Explain comprehensive intervention models with examples.