Deck 13: Heart Disease, Hypertension, Stroke, and Type Ii Diabetes

Question 1

The combination of obesity centered around the waist, high levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and difficulty metabolizing blood sugar are symptomatic of:

A)diabetes.
B)metabolic syndrome.
C)angina pectoris.
D)hypertension.

Answer 1

metabolic syndrome.

Question 2

Which of the following job factors relates to increased risk of CHD?

A)Discrepancy between occupation and diet
B)Discrepancy between occupation and family life
C)High social support at work
D)High work demands and low control

Answer 2

High work demands and low control

Question 3

Gerard is obese around the waist.He has high blood pressure and low levels of good cholesterol.These are symptomatic of:

A)stroke.
B)hypertension.
C)multiple sclerosis.
D)metabolic syndrome.

Answer 3

metabolic syndrome.

Question 4

Raj, who complains of chest pain, is admitted to a hospital.The diagnosis reveals that his blood vessels have narrowed and the flow of oxygen and nourishment to his heart has been interrupted.He is, in this case, suffering from _____.

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)coronary heart disease
C)cardiovascular disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 5

Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A)Abnormal weight loss
B)Low serum cholesterol
C)Curvature of the spine
D)Diabetes

Question 6

People who are both hostile and _____have an increased risk for metabolic syndrome and CHD.

A)suspicious
B)angry
C)defensive
D)ambitious

Question 7

The number one killer in the United States, accounting for one out of every six deaths, is:

A)diabetes.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)hypertension.
D)cancer.

Question 8

Hostile people exhibit a _____ response to sympathetic activity in response to stress.

A)friendly
B)strong pessimistic
C)favorable
D)weak antagonistic

Question 9

Coronary heart disease is:

A)unrelated to the changes in diet.
B)a disease of modernization.
C)prevalent among children.
D)unrelated to social status.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of heart diseases in women?

A)They are less likely to die from a first heart attack than men.
B)They experience an increased risk of cardiovascular disease after menopause.
C)They develop CHD on the average about 15 years earlier than do men.
D)They are protected at young ages against CHD due to their lower levels of HDL cholesterol.

Question 11

Higher levels of hostility have been found among:

A)women.
B)whites.
C)people high in socioeconomic status (SES).
D)men.

Question 12

Cynical hostility is characterized by:

A)suspiciousness.
B)optimism.
C)infrequent angry episodes.
D)trust in others.

Question 13

, _____ are disproportionately exposed to chronic stress and are at an elevated risk for CHD.

A)Native Americans
B)African Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Pacific Islanders

Question 14

Which of the following personality qualities reflects a positive caring orientation to others?

A)Communion
B)Agency
C)Unmitigated agency
D)Unmitigated communion

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the impact of social factors on CHD?

A)Industrialized countries have a very low incidence of CHD.
B)People who are less mobile have a higher frequency of CHD.
C)Social stability is linked to higher rates of CHD.
D)Migrants have a higher incidence of CHD.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes unmitigated communion?

A)It is a focus on the self.
B)It is a focus on social unity.
C)It is an extreme focus on others.
D)It is an extreme focus on oneself.

Question 17

, risk factors for heart disease begin to cluster by age _____ for those low in SES.

A)32
B)43
C)14
D)25

Question 18

The relation between hostile style and enhanced cardiovascular reactivity to stress is most reliable for _____.

A)men
B)women
C)children
D)adults

Question 19

The personality quality "agency" is associated with _____.

A)a focus on others
B)a focus on oneself
C)relationships
D)self-sacrifice

Question 20

Individuals who are high in hostility:

A)have chronically lower blood pressure.
B)show lower heart rate reactivity to laboratory stressors.
C)show exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity.
D)show strong antagonistic responses to sympathetic activities.

Question 21

Successful cardiac rehabilitation depends critically on:

A)the cost involved in the treatment.
B)a medical practitioner's involvement.
C)a patient's active participation and commitment.
D)the level of cynical hostility shown by medical staff.

Question 22

Diastolic pressure is related to:

A)the resistance of the blood vessels to blood flow.
B)the amount of force developed during contraction of the heart.
C)the volume of blood leaving the heart.
D)the elasticity of the arteries.

Question 23

CPR is:

A)cardiopulmonary relief.
B)cardiac prevention resources.
C)cardiopretension resuscitation.
D)cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Question 24

_____ is a useful indicator of the functional capacity of recovering myocardial infarction patients.

A)Thallium scanning
B)Echocardiogram
C)Psychometric test
D)Treadmill test

Question 25

Patients with myocardial infraction are treated in a(n) _____ unit where their cardiac functioning is continually monitored.

A)hospice care
B)coronary care
C)home care
D)acute care

Question 26

Depression in people who are hostile and in African Americans is likely to be closely linked to:

A)atypical antidepressant.
B)monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
C)C-reactive protein.
D)tricyclic antidepressant.

Question 27

_____ are the most common drugs prescribed for patients following an acute coronary event or a stroke.

A)Statins
B)Diuretics
C)Beta-blockers
D)Vitamins

Question 28

Cardiac rehabilitation programs involve:

A)no exercise.
B)rehospitalization.
C)minimum alcohol consumption.
D)smoking cessation.

Question 29

_____ is a common treatment for cardiac patients that treats blockage of major arteries in the heart.

A)Coronary artery bypass graft
B)Transmyocardial laser revascularization
C)Heart transplant
D)Angioplasty

Question 30

, wives' perceptions of their husbands' cardiac and physical efficiency were highest when they had:

A)been provided information about their husband's medical and psychological condition.
B)observed their husband's performance on a treadmill task.
C)personally experienced the treadmill task themselves.
D)been informed that a treadmill task is going to be conducted.

Question 31

_____ remains an underdiagnosed and untreated contributor to CHD morbidity and mortality.

A)High cholesterol
B)Hostility
C)Genetics
D)Depression

Question 32

Cardiac invalidism occurs when:

A)patients and their spouses underestimate a patient's physical abilities.
B)spouses underestimate the extent of a patient's disabilities.
C)patients malinger in order to reap secondary gains associated with the sick role.
D)patients feel that they are unable to control the stressors in their daily lives.

Question 33

Sudden death from heart attack is most likely to occur:

A)at home.
B)at work.
C)on vacation.
D)while the patient is asleep.

Question 34

_____ refers to chronically searching the environment for potential threat.

A)Rumination
B)Due diligence
C)Vigilant coping
D)Type-A behavior

Question 35

_____ is largely a symptomless disease.

A)Type II diabetes
B)Stroke
C)Hypertension
D)CHD

Question 36

Depression is typically treated with Prozac which is a(n):

A)atypical antidepressant.
B)monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
C)serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
D)tricyclic antidepressant.

Question 37

Beta-blockers are used in cardiac rehabilitation:

A)to activate the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
C)to control the pain of angina pectoris.
D)to restrict the negative side effects of the administered drugs.

Question 38

According to studies of recovery from coronary heart disease, social support is:

A)most effective when it is provided by the spouse rather than a confidante.
B)increasingly ineffective over time as the patients recover from their illness.
C)a problem for some patients if not given in a careful way.
D)most effectively used by people high in cynical hostility.

Question 39

Men and women in the United States face a similar chance of developing hypertension:

A)between ages 45 and 54.
B)between ages 55 and 64.
C)before age 25.
D)after age 65.

Question 40

Which of the following is true of depression?

A)It is an independent risk factor for CHD.
B)It is a psychological by-product of other risk factors for CHD.
C)It is based on genetic factors.
D)It is unrelated to metabolic syndrome.

Question 41

Patients with right-brain damage due to stroke typically suffer:

A)communication disorders such as aphasia.
B)impaired performance on cognitive tasks that require the use of short-term memory.
C)difficulty in processing visual feedback.
D)extreme anxiety and depression.

Question 42

Identifying patients with metabolic syndrome rarely helps predict heart attacks.

Question 43

_____ involves a delicate balance between insulin production and insulin responsiveness.

A)Cardiac invalidism.
B)Fructose metabolism
C)Hypothyroidism
D)Glucose metabolism

Question 44

Drug treatments for hypertension:

A)are less effective than dietary modification and exercise.
B)significantly reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease, morbidity, or mortality.
C)show some success in reducing blood pressure without negative side effects.
D)may increase the CHD risk caused by enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity.

Question 45

The risk factors for stroke:

A)are independent of those for heart disease.
B)decrease with age.
C)are not subject to modification by lifestyle changes.
D)include cigarette smoking.

Question 46

Type II diabetes:

A)is likely to develop only after age 60.
B)is the number-one killer in the United States.
C)is a rare phenomenon among children.
D)is a non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Question 47

Alexithymia:

A)involves difficulty in understanding others and expressing oneself.
B)involves difficulty in identifying and describing emotion.
C)involves difficulty in recognizing individual faces.
D)involves problems with short-term memory.

Question 48

A family environment that fosters _____ contributes to hypertension.

A)negative affectivity
B)chronic anger
C)excessive competitiveness
D)cynical distrust

Question 49

A systolic pressure consistently between 140 and 159 is associated with:

A)moderate hypertension.
B)severe hypertension.
C)mild hypertension.
D)critical hypertension.

Question 50

Cognitive-behavioral techniques:

A)may substitute for drug treatments, in case of severe hypertension.
B)are expensive and highly difficult to implement.
C)can be used without supervision and have no side effects.
D)have been moderately successful in the treatment of hypertension.

Question 51

People who are high in cynical hostility generally have a high level of social support.

Question 52

Research suggests that expressing anger is more reliably associated with cardiovascular reactivity than the state of anger.

Question 53

Across the life span, women seem to be protected against coronary heart disease relative to men.

Question 54

"John Henryism" is a personality predisposition:

A)that helps African American men cope with racism.
B)that proves active coping is likely to be unsuccessful.
C)that enables to actively cope with psychosocial stressors.
D)that is found only in white men.

Question 55

Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Question 56

Which of the following best predicts compliance with a diabetic treatment regimen?

A)Restricting the number of persons in the diabetics' social support network
B)Training the diabetics' to discriminate when their blood glucose level needed to be modified
C)Improving the diabetics' ability to independently regulate their own behavior
D)Following strict stress management and relaxation training programs

Question 57

The prevalence of hypertension among lower-income African Americans is most likely due to:

A)lower waist-to-hip ratio.
B)higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
C)lower fasting insulin levels.
D)greater body mass.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of stroke?

A)The likelihood of a stroke decreases with age.
B)Stroke occurs more often in women than in men.
C)Stroke does not occur among those who have diabetes.
D)Stroke risk factors overlap with those for heart disease.

Question 59

Poor adherence to diabetic regimens by people with Type II diabetes most often is due to:

A)transient situational factors.
B)demographic factors.
C)personality factors.
D)cognitive-behavioral factors.

Question 60

The role of stress in the development and exacerbation of hypertension:

A)is the same for people at risk for hypertension and those who are not at risk.
B)does not change as hypertension progresses.
C)may be different for people at risk for hypertension.
D)has not been studied enough to determine its role in hypertension.

Question 61

Explain the relationship of lifestyle factors to coronary heart disease and cardiac rehabilitation.

Question 62

Mild hypertension is defined by a diastolic pressure consistently between 105 and 119.

Question 63

Vigilant coping is a risk factor for heart disease.

Question 64

The mortality rate is around 30 percent during the first month after a stroke.

Question 65

Explain why adherence to diabetic treatment programs is so difficult for most people to achieve.

Question 66

Explain the role of stress management in recovery from myocardial infarction.

Question 67

Maria often complains of negative emotions, stress, and emotional pressures at work.Her colleague, Tandra, says that constant stress can trigger acute coronary events and advises her to meet a doctor.Support Tandra's statements by citing the research on emotion and CHD.

Question 68

Successful cardiac rehabilitation depends critically on the patient's active participation and commitment.

Question 69

What ethnic differences have been found in the incidence of hypertension? What racial and psychosocial factors may be implicated in these ethnic differences?

Question 70

Aspirin has been found to significantly reduce the risk for fatal heart attack.