Deck 11: Management of Chronic Illness

Question 1

Which of the following is a predictor of depression among chronically ill patients?

A)Social support
B)Marital status
C)Chronic pain
D)Gender

Answer 1

Chronic pain

Question 2

_____ refers to the evaluation of whether one feels good or bad about one's personal qualities and attributes.

A)Self-concept
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-image
D)Self-evaluation

Answer 2

Self-esteem

Question 3

Medical measures of quality of life are:

A)seldom based on objective criteria.
B)poorly correlated with patients' and relatives' assessments.
C)poorly correlated with patients' assessments but are moderately correlated with relatives' assessments.
D)moderately correlated with health psychologists' assessments.

Answer 3

poorly correlated with patients' and relatives' assessments.

Question 4

Which of the following is a component of quality of life?

A)Logical functioning
B)Longevity
C)Psychological status
D)Economic functioning

Question 5

Denial serves as a protective function:

A)before the patient seeks medical treatment.
B)during the acute phase of the illness.
C)when patients must play an active role in the treatment regimen.
D)during the rehabilitative phase of the illness.

Question 6

Unlike anxiety and denial, depression:

A)may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness.
B)is at a steady state during the course of chronic illness.
C)is the first response to chronic illness.
D)may be intermittent and unrelenting.

Question 7

A broad array of measures for evaluating quality of life is available:

A)only for adults.
B)for both adults and children.
C)only for children.
D)for both alive and dead patients.

Question 8

Denial is useful in helping patients to:

A)control their emotional reaction to illness.
B)monitor their physical condition.
C)seek treatment.
D)become active in their treatment regimen.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of denial?

A)It is a defense mechanism by which people accept the implications of an illness.
B)It is a method adopted by health care practitioners to deny information to patients.
C)It is a method adopted by health care practitioners to deny information to patient's family.
D)It is a defense mechanism by which people avoid the implications of an illness.

Question 10

Chronic illness conditions are:

A)rare among children.
B)either moderate or severe and life-threatening.
C)less likely among young adults between ages 18 and 44.
D)always life-threatening and ultimately lead to death.

Question 11

Of the following situations, patients' anxiety would be the highest:

A)after the physician had explained the diagnosis and treatment regimen.
B)after the patient has received a test result.
C)while the patient is awaiting an invasive medical procedure.
D)while the patient is explained about the side effects of a medical procedure.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of anxiety?

A)Anxious diabetic patients have better glucose control.
B)Anxious MI patients are more likely to return to work on schedule.
C)Anxiety is prevalent among people with acute illnesses.
D)Anxious patients cope more poorly with surgery.

Question 13

Assessment of quality of life:

A)identifies the likely problems associated with acute diseases.
B)discourages comparison of therapies.
C)evaluates the practitioners' experience in dealing with illnesses.
D)assesses the impact of treatments.

Question 14

Studying quality of life:

A)makes it possible to determine what kinds of interventions may be needed.
B)is an unnecessary intrusion into patients' lives.
C)cannot be used to compare therapies.
D)tells us little that the diagnosis does not provide.

Question 15

Immediately after a chronic illness is diagnosed, _____.

A)patients face job discrimination
B)patients seek the help of dietitians and therapists
C)patients resort to a feeling of calmness
D)patients experience a psychological disequilibrium

Question 16

Up to _____ of all medical inpatients with chronic disease suffer from severe depression.

A)one-quarter
B)one-tenth
C)one-half
D)one-fourth

Question 17

The stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and abilities is known as _____.

A)self-esteem
B)self-concept
C)self-image
D)self-evaluation

Question 18

Which of the following is a chronic illness?

A)Cold
B)Influenza A
C)Teething
D)Hearing loss

Question 19

Which of the following is true of depression?

A)Depression increases with the severity of the illness.
B)Treatment for depression increases symptoms associated with the illness.
C)Depression increases as a result of telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)Treatment for depression aggravates psychological distress.

Question 20

Anxiety is _____ when anticipating or experiencing adverse side effects of treatment

A)very low
B)low
C)moderate
D)high

Question 21

Which of the following is to be included in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for chronically ill patients?

A)Rigorous exercise
B)Unrestricted diet
C)Family isolation
D)Stress management

Question 22

Adherence to treatment regimens is:

A)significantly higher in patients being treated for acute disorders.
B)significantly lower in patients being treated for acute disorders.
C)unaffected by the side effects of treatment.
D)problematic with people who have chronic illnesses.

Question 23

Which of the following activities is performed by physical therapists?

A)Planning recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient
B)Helping people with muscle, nerve, or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities
C)Assessing the dietetic needs of patients and supervising the service of meals
D)Helping patients regain physical or emotional stability and relearn daily routines

Question 24

The perception and evaluation of one's physical functioning and appearance comprise one's _____.

A)physical self
B)self-concept
C)body image
D)self-evaluation

Question 25

Which of the following is true about body image?

A)Body image remains constant during chronic illness.
B)Body image plummets only during acute illness.
C)Changes in body image are long-lived in acutely ill patients.
D)Negative evaluations last longer in chronically ill patients.

Question 26

Functional somatic disorders are:

A)more common in women than in men.
B)extremely easy to treat.
C)more common in children.
D)always psychiatric in origin.

Question 27

Which of the following predicts adherence to chronic disease regimens?

A)Low expectations for controlling one's health
B)Knowledge of the treatment regimen
C)Low expectations for controlling self-efficacy
D)Hereditary factors associated with the patients

Question 28

Alex is suffering from migraine.He avoids it completely by eating and sleeping excessively.Which of the following coping strategies is Alex using here?

A)Distancing
B)Cognitive escape
C)Behavioral escape
D)Social support

Question 29

Analyses of the effectiveness of coping strategies in managing the stress associated with chronic illness conclude that:

A)the coping strategies used by chronically ill patients are significantly different from the strategies observed in healthy samples.
B)avoidant coping is associated with reduced psychological distress and better psychological adjustment.
C)confrontative coping is associated with better adjustment than the use of multiple coping strategies.
D)active coping is more consistently associated with good adjustment.

Question 30

Who is most likely to have a negative aura of their body image?

A)Sara, who lost weight after a viral fever
B)Sally, who fractured her leg in an accident
C)Susan, who has a scar on her forehead from birth
D)Sandra, who lost her hair as a result of chemotherapy

Question 31

Succeeding through vocational and avocational activities is also an important source of self-esteem and the self-concept.Which self-evaluation aspect of the self-concept explains this?

A)Private self
B)Social self
C)Physical self
D)Achieving self

Question 32

During physical rehabilitation, patients need a _____ management program for the alleviation of discomfort.

A)health
B)mind
C)disease
D)pain

Question 33

_____ is a functional somatic disorder.

A)Heart attack
B)Hearing loss
C)Tissue abnormality
D)Chemical sensitivity

Question 34

James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents.He helps them learn to use adaptive devices in order to perform tasks and become accustomed to new ways of performing old tasks.He is a(n) _____.

A)massage therapist
B)occupational therapist
C)physical therapist
D)dietitian

Question 35

Which of the following activities is performed by occupational therapists?

A)Helping people with muscle, nerve, or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities
B)Planning and directing recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient
C)Assessing the dietetic needs of patients and supervising the service of meals
D)Developing individualized treatment programs to increase patients' strength and endurance

Question 36

Which of the following focuses on the effect of chronic illness on a patient's ambitions, goals, and desires for the future?

A)Achieving self
B)Social self
C)Physical self
D)Private self

Question 37

Which of the following is a goal of physical rehabilitation?

A)To learn the ways of controlling energy expenditure
B)To learn how to deviate from the treatment regimen
C)To learn new social management skills
D)To learn how to use one's mind as much as possible

Question 38

Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens due to the debilitating effects of stress on:

A)psychosocial adjustment.
B)chronic diseases.
C)coping strategies.
D)acute disorders.

Question 39

, the most frequently cited stressor was:

A)fear and uncertainty about the future.
B)limitations in physical abilities.
C)pain management.
D)altered physical appearance and lifestyle.

Question 40

Successful adjustment to chronic illness is associated with:

A)having an appropriate or accurate illness schema about the nature of one's illness.
B)developing an acute model of one's disorder.
C)blaming others for one's illness and thus minimizing self-blame.
D)having a personal sense of control, even in medical situations, in which little personal control is possible.

Question 41

Medical measures are weakly related to patients' or relatives' assessments of quality of life.

Question 42

Adam works with cancer patients at County General Hospital.His particular specialty is in enabling the newly diagnosed cancer patients to understand the illness and its treatment and to negotiate the difficult emotional and social identity issues associated with the illness.He is a(n) _____.

A)medical social worker
B)medical psychologist
C)health psychologist
D)occupational therapist

Question 43

John works with patients who are emotionally and mentally disabled.He helps them regain their physical, mental, or emotional stability.Sometimes he teaches painting, weaving, or other crafts.He is a(n) _____.

A)massage therapist
B)occupational therapist
C)physical therapist
D)dietitian

Question 44

Most caregiving for the chronically ill is provided by:

A)formal services such as home health nurses or nursing homes.
B)men.
C)women.
D)friends.

Question 45

A social support group is most likely to appeal to:

A)Fred, an insurance company executive who is recovering from an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
B)Arnel, a recent immigrant from the Philippines who suffers from Lyme disease.
C)Sybil, a high-school dropout with three children who is recovering from pneumonia.
D)Edith, a physician who is also an osteoarthritis patient.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of caregiving?

A)It is always long-term and intermittent.
B)It threatens the health of elderly caregivers.
C)It is most commonly associated with men than with women.
D)It often strains the relationship between patient and caregiver.

Question 47

Family participation in the illness management process is widely encouraged.

Question 48

Emotional disorders associated with chronic illness are especially likely among patients who:

A)are entering into very aggressive medical treatment regimens.
B)are employed and have a high socioeconomic status.
C)are having a history of depression or other mental illness.
D)are not the members of minority groups.

Question 49

For chronically ill patients changes in body image are always short-lived.

Question 50

One of the chief changes brought about by chronic illness is a(n):

A)decreased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.
B)increased dependency of the family members on chronically ill person.
C)decreased dependency of the family members on chronically ill person.
D)increased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.

Question 51

Studies of reactions to the disabled indicate that they tend to elicit:

A)pity.
B)curiosity.
C)ambivalence.
D)compassion.

Question 52

Researchers investigating gender differences in the receipt of social support have found that:

A)disabled women are more effective than disabled men in establishing effective social support networks.
B)being married appears to protect men, but not women, from institutionalization.
C)married women spend fewer days in nursing homes than married men.
D)disabled men are less likely to be married than disabled women.

Question 53

Compared to therapy with other clients, psychotherapy provided to medical patients is more likely to:

A)be continuous and long term in nature.
B)involve collaboration with the patient's family and physician.
C)be expensive and time consuming.
D)challenge the client's defenses and promote a realistic assessment of his or her situation.

Question 54

Younger people have more physical limitations than older people.

Question 55

Research evidence consistently supports the notion that self-blame is associated with poor adjustment to chronic illness.

Question 56

Adverse changes in social interactions after a diagnosis of chronic disease are more likely to be observed in:

A)family members.
B)friends and acquaintances.
C)employers.
D)intimate others.

Question 57

reported that more than _____ percent of the cancer patients in their study reported at least some beneficial changes in their life as a result of the cancer.

A)20
B)45
C)75
D)90

Question 58

Family support of the chronically ill patient is especially important because they:

A)encourage the patient to stay cheerful always.
B)are the only source of social support for a patient.
C)promote adherence to treatment.
D)need no guidance on the harmful actions that will upset a patient.

Question 59

The website WebMD is:

A)scrupulously careful about the information they post.
B)usually accurate but not always careful about the information they provide.
C)like most of the information the Web, not to be trusted.
D)always associated with the risk of misinformation.

Question 60

Eric works with people with diabetes.He helps them learn to control their caloric intake and the types of foods they eat.He is a(n) _____.

A)massage therapist
B)occupational therapist
C)physical therapist
D)dietitian

Question 61

How are patients' beliefs about chronic illness related to adjustment?

Question 62

What role does denial play in the emotional response to chronic illness? When does it facilitate coping? When is it dysfunctional?

Question 63

Discuss the different careers involved in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill.What do the different people do? Which is of most interest to you and why?

Question 64

Many chronic illnesses lead to a decrease in sexual activity.

Question 65

The Internet is a good source of information about skills for coping with common illness-related problems.

Question 66

Explain how physical rehabilitation methods help in managing chronic illnesses.

Question 67

Studies have found that the quality of life reported by cancer patients is higher than healthy community samples.Explain how chronically ill patients cope with their illnesses and maintain a positive self-concept.

Question 68

Functional somatic disorders are more common in men than in women.

Question 69

Physical therapists plan and direct recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient.

Question 70

Sometimes children must be exposed to isolating and terrifying procedures to treat their chronic illness.