Deck 7: Coping, Resilience, and Social Support

Question 1

Neuroticism coupled with social inhibition and isolation is usually referred to as the _____ personality.

A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type D
D)Type E

Answer 1

Type D

Question 2

People that are most likely to benefit from control-based interventions are those who:

A)have self-control.
B)have no personal control.
C)dislike having control.
D)desire having control.

Answer 2

desire having control.

Question 3

The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a _____ process.

A)divergent
B)synergistic
C)dynamic
D)static

Answer 3

dynamic

Question 4

When optimists' expectations are not met or when they face resistance in pursuing their goals, they are likely to experience:

A)long-term physical conditions.
B)short-term psychological problems.
C)long-term psychological problems.
D)short-term physiological conditions.

Question 5

Positive emotional states are known to reduce levels of _____ which is a stress indicator.

A)serotonin
B)cortisol
C)dopamine
D)oxytocin

Question 6

It is found that cheerful people die sooner than those who are not cheerful.This may be because:

A)they regularly use effective coping strategies that eventually lead to physiological stress.
B)they grow up being more careless about their health and encounter health risks.
C)they engage in more risky physical activities and are more prone to accidents.
D)they have unrealistic expectations about the future that promotes psychological distress and disease.

Question 7

Organized religion provides a sense of _____ to people.

A)inhibition
B)negative affectivity
C)institutionalism
D)group identity

Question 8

M.F.Scheier, C.S.Carver, and M.W.Bridges developed a scale of dispositional optimism to:

A)measure affectivity from familial relationships.
B)measure indirect social relationships.
C)measure coping strategies.
D)measure pervasive individual differences.

Question 9

Sarah is scheduled for a hysterectomy.A health psychologist visits her in the hospital and finds that she is worried about the pain involved in the surgery.The psychologist clearly explains the procedure to Sarah and answers her questions to ease her worries.Also, he teaches her a relaxation technique that she could use before the surgery to control her anxiety.The psychologist explains the drug-delivery method to her so she understands when and how much of the pain-relief drug she will receive.In this case, the health psychologist is conducting a(n) _____ intervention.

A)control-enhancing
B)informational support
C)expressive-writing
D)tangible assistance

Question 10

Which of the following statements best defines coping?

A)The information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and part of a network of communications and mutual obligations
B)The belief that one can determine one's own behavior, influence one's environment, and bring about desired outcomes
C)The modification of how stress is experienced and the impact it has on illness and other aspects of life
D)The thoughts and behaviors used to manage internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful

Question 11

Coping is known to have two important aspects.Which of the following is the second important aspect of coping?

A)Impact of psychological control
B)Use of stress moderators
C)Dynamism of stressful events
D)Breadth of emotional reactions

Question 12

_____ is the ability to bounce back from bad experiences and adapt flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations.

A)Extraversion
B)Mindfulness
C)Resilience
D)Conscientiousness

Question 13

According to a survey, nearly half the people in the United States were found using _____ to deal with their health problems.

A)exercise
B)prayer
C)coping
D)laughter

Question 14

Individuals who display high negative affectivity are:

A)more likely to have a disease-prone personality.
B)more likely to seek out medical care when they are fatally ill.
C)more likely to reject medical treatments that cure terminal diseases.
D)more likely to create a false impression of good health.

Question 15

Psychological control is a belief that:

A)people positively affirm values that make them feel better about themselves and show lower physiological activity and distress.
B)one can determine one's own behavior, influence one's environment, and bring about desired outcomes.
C)opportunities for rest, relaxation, and renewal can help people cope more effectively with stressors.
D)people strive for a state of mind marked by heightened awareness of the present and focus on the moment.

Question 16

_____ maintains that through collaboration with family and friends or with medical practitioners, one may successfully cope with a stressful event.

A)Self-control
B)Secondary control
C)Primary control
D)Thought control

Question 17

A personality style characterized by optimism, a sense of control, conscientiousness, self-esteem, and positivity is the _____ personality.

A)disease-prone
B)selective-coping
C)health-prone
D)stress-preventive

Question 18

According to Scheier, Weintraub, and Carver, optimists cope more effectively in stressful situations because they are likely to use _____ coping strategies.

A)proactive
B)emotional approach
C)problem-focused
D)emotion-focused

Question 19

High self-esteem is closely related to:

A)higher levels of defense mechanisms.
B)poor health behaviors.
C)higher levels of stress indicators.
D)lower levels of HPA axis activity.

Question 20

_____ is a general propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way.

A)Primary response style
B)Individual difference
C)Direct effect
D)Coping style

Question 21

_____ helps people to set specific goals, establish priorities, and learn what to ignore.

A)Self-instruction
B)Emotional support
C)Time management
D)Tangible assistance

Question 22

____ can undermine defensive reactions to health threats.

A)Self-actualization
B)Self-control
C)Self-affirmation
D)Self-reliance

Question 23

_____ forces a person to distinguish among stressful events that need to be avoided, tolerated, or overcome.

A)Goal setting
B)Time management
C)Relaxation training
D)Self-instruction

Question 24

People living in low socioeconomic circumstances who are unable to modify the stressors that affect them may be especially benefitted by _____ reappraisal.

A)positive
B)detached
C)negative
D)desegregated

Question 25

A college professor had his psychology class write a paper about their most traumatic and stressful events in their lives.Although, this may have caused immediate psychological distress to the students, the professor was confident that long-term stress related to these events would eventually reduce.In this case, the professor had most likely conducted a(n) _____ intervention with his class.

A)expressive writing
B)control-enhancing
C)stress inoculation
D)debriefing

Question 26

Sarah is taking a stress management class.Her instructor provides her with a variety of techniques to combat stress and identify the stress carriers in her environment.Sarah is instructed to try the techniques to identify the ones that work best for her so she can confront the stressful situations.In this case, the instructor is using _____ training.

A)promotional
B)relaxation
C)remedial
D)assertiveness

Question 27

Which of the following is a reason for people to use emotional approach coping?

A)It is more useful in the long-term than in coping with daily life stressors.
B)It leads people to affirm important aspects of their identity.
C)It provokes the stress regulatory system.
D)It is especially beneficial for men.

Question 28

Which of the following is assessed by the Brief COPE?

A)Inflammatory responses to relaxation therapies
B)Health effects of emotional disclosure
C)Commonly used coping styles for managing stressful events
D)Potential costs of receiving social support and enhancing emotional support

Question 29

Stress management programs typically involve _____ phases.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 30

_____ involves the provision of services, financial assistance, or goods.

A)Emotional support
B)Tangible assistance
C)Invisible support
D)Informational assistance

Question 31

A patient with AIDS decides to approach his friend, who is a health therapist, for treatment.He feels that the therapist helps him in ways that his family is unable to.The therapist helps him in finding ways to cope with the disease and the resulting social pressures.This is an example of _____.

A)psychological control
B)informational support
C)tangible assistance
D)emotional support

Question 32

When people anticipate potential stressors and act in advance either to prevent them or to reduce their impact, it is known as _____.

A)problem-focused coping
B)proactive coping
C)appraisal-focused coping
D)emotional approach coping

Question 33

_____ is defined as involving efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to a stressful event.

A)Emotion-focused coping
B)Problem-focused coping
C)Appraisal-focused coping
D)Proactive coping

Question 34

Which of the following is a successful coping outcome?

A)Tolerating negative realities
B)Extricating from relationships with others
C)Wavering in one's emotional equilibrium
D)Maintaining a negative self-image

Question 35

The assurance that a person is a valuable individual who is cared for is characteristic of _____.

A)emotional support
B)tangible assistance
C)invisible support
D)informational assistance

Question 36

People who are high in socioeconomic status (SES) have:

A)more medical and psychiatric disorders.
B)lower physical activity.
C)more negative events or realities.
D)lower mortality rates.

Question 37

Recording negative self-statements or irrational thoughts that accompany the stressful experience usually occur in the _____ phase of the Combat Stress Now program.

A)acquiring skills
B)completing take-home assignments
C)engaging in positive self-talk and self- instruction
D)setting new goals

Question 38

The goal of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is to:

A)help notice thoughts from a distance and avoid response to them.
B)teach people to ignore their thoughts in a mindful manner.
C)change the private experience of stress and maintain commitment.
D)help people challenge their thoughts directly.

Question 39

In the self-monitoring phase of the CSN program, students are trained to:

A)recognize and eliminate the negative self-talk they go through when they face stressful events.
B)focus on what happens just before they experience feelings of stress.
C)observe their own behavior closely and to record the circumstances that they find most stressful.
D)experience their stressful events in a strong manner to understand the extent of the symptoms.

Question 40

James is a lawyer who used to work in the World Trade Center until the 9/11 incident took place.He survived the building collapse but was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) soon after.Over the next few months, he spent time gathering information on the attack, talking to other survivors, and organizing resources for them.Which of the following coping styles is James using?

A)Avoidant
B)Projection
C)Approach
D)Regression

Question 41

Emotional reactions including anger and depression are part of the coping process.

Question 42

People with strong spiritual beliefs have greater life satisfaction and a slower course of illness.

Question 43

Relationships that produce _____ can compromise health.

A)dissent
B)ambivalence
C)conjecture
D)synergy

Question 44

Health psychologists view social support as an important resource in _____.

A)multimodal prevention
B)primary prevention
C)secondary prevention
D)tertiary prevention

Question 45

Coping efforts are considered to be successful if:

A)they provoke the stress regulatory system.
B)they increase physiological indicators of arousal.
C)they restrict a person from performing desired activities.
D)they reduce psychological distress.

Question 46

_____ social contact may actually worsen the experience of stress.

A)Negative
B)Overly passive
C)Modest
D)Overly intrusive

Question 47

Studies have found that social support has beneficial effects on the _____ system.

A)lymphatic
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine

Question 48

In which of the following conditions is a man's health likely to improve substantially?

A)In a successful marriage
B)In bachelorhood
C)During his wife's pregnancy
D)During retirement

Question 49

According to Ditzen, Hoppman, and Klumb, which of the following is one of the best protectors against stress?

A)Having a pet
B)Being unmarried
C)Having children
D)A satisfying marriage

Question 50

Well-being is defined as a sense of adapting flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations.

Question 51

Experiencing the divorce of one's parents in childhood predicts:

A)excessive resilience in adolescence.
B)premature death in middle age.
C)cardiovascular diseases in old age.
D)early ageing.

Question 52

When an individual grows up in a harsh family, he or she displays:

A)resilience in handling relationships during old age.
B)greater coping mechanisms in stressful situations during adulthood.
C)a risk of developing chronic illnesses during childhood.
D)stronger inflammatory response to stress in adolescence.

Question 53

Optimistic people use problem-focused coping and seek social support from others.

Question 54

Different kinds of stressful events create different needs, and social support is most effective when it meets those needs.This is called the _____.

A)direct effects hypothesis
B)buffering hypothesis
C)matching hypothesis
D)working hypothesis

Question 55

Negative and competitive social interactions are associated with:

A)chronic inflammation.
B)lower levels of inflammation.
C)normal levels of inflammation.
D)higher levels of inflammation.

Question 56

The _____ hypothesis maintains that social support is generally beneficial during nonstressful as well as stressful times.

A)matching
B)working
C)buffering
D)direct effects

Question 57

Invisible support is when:

A)one receives help from another but is unaware of it.
B)there is a perception that social support will be available.
C)there is a provision of material assistance.
D)one receives reassurance that he or she is a valuable person.

Question 58

Negative affectivity has been related to alcoholism, depression, and suicidal behavior but not to poor health.

Question 59

Inflammation in response to a short-term stressor can be _____.

A)inhibited
B)painful
C)adaptive
D)maladaptive

Question 60

The benefits of social support are greatest when:

A)an individual is facing an uncomfortable medical procedure and receives invisible support.
B)the person from whom one is seeking support is perceived to be responsive to one's needs.
C)the person who is receiving the support has at least above average intelligence.
D)an individual does not have a problem but finds the appropriate form of social support.

Question 61

Define social support, and elucidate the different forms of social support.

Question 62

Emotional support is most beneficial when it comes from experts who are responsive to an individual's needs.

Question 63

Explain coping and the relationship between personality and coping.

Question 64

It is more beneficial to use emotion-focused coping while dealing with work-related problems.

Question 65

What is a biopsychosocial pathway, and how is it beneficial in promoting health?

Question 66

Networking may be an added source of social support for people, but those who use it to express distress may drive others away.

Question 67

Explain the term stress moderators, and provide an example of a stress moderator.

Question 68

Mindfulness engages the prefrontal cortical regions of the brain, which regulate affect and downregulate activity in the limbic areas related to anxiety and other negative emotions.

Question 69

Explain the Combat Stress Now (CSN) program, and cite a few advantages of using this program.

Question 70

Celebrating positive events with other people improves mood in the short-term but does not show significant benefits over the long-term.