Deck 10: Becoming Parents and Experiencing Parenthood

Question 1

Which of the following are LEAST likely to have a future without children?

A)white women
B)black women
C)Hispanic women
D)There is no difference in the likelihood of any of the above having no children.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Teen mothers

A)are more at risk of anemia than mothers who have their first child between ages 30-35.
B)are more likely to give birth to twins than are mothers between ages 30-35.
C)are more numerous today than ever before in history.
D)are most likely to be Mexican-American.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A typical child born in 2007 and raised to age 18 will cost approximately

A)$20,000 to $30,000.
B)$50,000 to $75,400.
C)$100,000 to $150,000.
D)$195,000 to $393,000.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Older mothers

A)are at risk for hypertension than are mothers between 20 and 40 years of age.
B)are less likely to miscarry than are mothers between 20 and 40 years of age.
C)are less likely to have cesarean-section deliveries than are women between 20 and 40 years of age.
D)are decreasing in numbers.

Question 5

During pregnancy,

A)women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the second trimester.
B)women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the third trimester.
C)women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the first trimester.
D)there is no change in women's interest in sexual activity throughout the pregnancy.

Question 6

Comparing planned and unplanned pregnancies we find all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Unplanned pregnancies present greater risks due to lack of readiness or planning.
B)Babies born from unintended pregnancies suffer more physical and social disadvantage.
C)Mothers of unintended babies are more likely to suffer postpartum depression.
D)Mothers of planned pregnancies are more likely to suffer depression following the delivery.

Question 7

The percentage of women who intend to forgo parenting is estimated to be no more than _____ percent.

A)three
B)nine
C)eleven
D)thirteen

Question 8

What percentage of the U.S.population of reproductive age experience infertility?

A)about 10 percent
B)about 20 percent
C)about 30 percent
D)about 40 percent

Question 9

The term "child free" is used to describe

A)homes where children have grown and left.
B)a marriage where partners do not choose to have children.
C)homes where there are no children because of inability to conceive.
D)families that allow their children a lot of freedom in the home.

Question 10

The 2007 fertility rate of 69.5 births for every 1,000 women between 15 and 44 reflects

A)a substantial decrease since 2006.
B)4.3 million births in the United States-the highest total recorded to date.
C)a surge in the number of teen pregnancies by about two-thirds.
D)a decline in fertility rates for Mexican-American women.

Question 11

Women who choose to be child free are generally

A)mentally unstable.
B)from wealthy families.
C)poorly educated.
D)well-educated and career-oriented.

Question 12

Child-free women and child-free men

A)are perceived equally negatively by society.
B)are perceived negatively by society but child-free women are perceived more negatively than child-free men.
C)are perceived negatively by society but child-free men are perceived more negatively than child-free women.
D)are now perceived positively by society.

Question 13

Compared to mothers, women who are child free

A)have lower levels of education.
B)are employed in low status occupations.
C)are less religious.
D)are less likely to be from a dual-career marriage.

Question 14

Fertility rates are highest among

A)Asian Americans.
B)Cuban Americans.
C)European Americans.
D)Mexican Americans.

Question 15

The number of births to unmarried women in 2007

A)was lower than in 1980.
B)was half the number found in 1940.
C)was more than twice as high as the number in 1980.
D)was the same as it was in 1970.

Question 16

What percentage of births to women age 15 to 44 is unplanned?

A)12 percent
B)15 percent
C)22 percent
D)35 percent

Question 17

Pregnancy rates remain highest for women in their

A)late teens.
B)twenties.
C)thirties.
D)There is no difference in the pregnancy rates for the above groups.

Question 18

During pregnancy,

A)couples are advised to refrain from engaging in sexual activity.
B)women are rarely interested in engaging in sexual activity.
C)women are discouraged from having orgasm.
D)couples should remember that there are no rules about sexuality during pregnancy.

Question 19

The largest minority group in the United States is

A)Hispanics.
B)African Americans.
C)Asian Americans.
D)Native Americans.

Question 20

The highest fertility rates are found among

A)women with the highest level of education.
B)college graduates.
C)women with less than a high school education.
D)women with some college or associates degrees.

Question 21

During pregnancy, men tend to

A)be reluctant to get involved.
B)be more involved after the child is born if they were involved prenatally.
C)lose interest in the pregnancy once the mother begins to experience noticeable physical changes.
D)be most concerned with how their individual freedom will be affected after the birth of the child.

Question 22

Of the thousands of American babies less than 1 year old who die each year, up to one-third of these deaths could be prevented if mothers were given

A)adequate health care.
B)prenatal vitamins.
C)free groceries.
D)safer housing.

Question 23

Many stresses experienced by new parents may include all of the following EXCEPT

A)concern about not having enough money.
B)general anxiety and depression.
C)infant health care.
D)not having enough time for their careers.

Question 24

Women who lose a pregnancy or young infant generally experience _____ in the initial stage.

A)shock and disbelief
B)sadness
C)planning for the next pregnancy
D)depression

Question 25

The rate of infant mortality in the United States

A)is far higher than in most of the developed world.
B)is lower than in most of the developed world.
C)is the lowest in the world.
D)is highest in the world.

Question 26

The _____ or so following childbirth constitutes the postpartum period.

A)month
B)two months
C)three months
D)first year

Question 27

Couples can experience less stress in the first year of child rearing if they

A)are open in their communication.
B)are still in the process of developing a strong relationship with each other.
C)wait until the infant is at least a year old before discussing family planning.
D)did not feel strongly about having a child until the last trimester.

Question 28

In looking at fatherhood, we find that

A)most fathers can be characterized as "nurturant" fathers.
B)new standards of fatherhood are acted upon by most fathers.
C)there is a discrepancy between the culture of fatherhood and the conduct of fatherhood.
D)fathers today typically engage in three times the number of activities with children than they did in the 1980s.

Question 29

An episiotomy is a

A)drug given to a woman to decrease labor pains.
B)procedure rarely performed in hospital births today.
C)form of prepared childbirth.
D)surgical procedure to enlarge the vagina opening by cutting through the perineum toward the anus.

Question 30

Postpartum depression involves

A)only psychological factors.
B)biological, psychological, and social factors.
C)only biological factors.
D)only social factors.

Question 31

Feminists assert that most pregnant women

A)should use a midwife rather than a physician when giving birth.
B)are essentially healthy and require minimal medical management during the birth process.
C)should all give birth in hospitals.
D)need medical intervention to have a safe delivery.

Question 32

With respect to adoption, we find

A)closed adoption is the norm.
B)open adoption is preferred by most adoption experts.
C)self-esteem is highest for those in closed adoptions.
D)views are mixed about the benefits of open adoption.

Question 33

The impersonal, assembly-line quality of hospital birth is

A)nonexistent today.
B)more popular in the Netherlands than in the United States.
C)becoming even more popular all around the world.
D)criticized by many.

Question 34

According to the "Listening to Mothers" surveys,

A)most felt their childbirth experience was negative.
B)most felt quite positive about their birthing experience.
C)most felt "out of control" when working within the hospital system.
D)most felt uncomfortable when asking questions about their pregnancy and delivery.

Question 35

Feminists criticize contemporary childbirth for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

A)Women do not have enough control over the birth process.
B)Many of the medical interventions are unnecessary.
C)Men are not included in the birth process as much as they should be.
D)The medical profession does not listen adequately to what women want and need during pregnancy.

Question 36

Most women form a deep attachment to their children

A)before birth.
B)in the first few weeks after delivery.
C)in the child's first year.
D)once children begin to walk and talk.

Question 37

The _____ trimester may be the time of the greatest difficulties in daily living.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)"fourth" (postpartum period)

Question 38

All of the following appear to increase the chance of sudden infant death syndrome EXCEPT

A)a soft, fluffy mattress.
B)the baby being wrapped in a blanket.
C)allowing the baby to become too cold.
D)the baby having a cold or other minor illness.

Question 39

All EXCEPT which of the following are characteristics of adoptive families?

A)Adopted children are more often female than male.
B)Adopted children are less likely to have some disability than biological children.
C)Families with adopted children are economically better off than those with biological children.
D)Adopted children are more likely to live in two-parent households.

Question 40

The ideology of intensive mothering refers to

A)an unrealistic standard against which mothers are judged.
B)the belief that mothers are more 'intense' parents than are fathers.
C)the expectation that mothers need to have two or more children to be characterized as "mothers first."
D)the adjustment period that mothers experience in the first month after delivering a child.

Question 41

This factor is most significant in accounting for differences between children who live with both biological parents and those living in single-parent, remarried, cohabiting, or stepparent households.

A)religious factors
B)educational factors
C)economic factors
D)racial factors

Question 42

Baxter sees his grandparents only on special occasions such as birthdays and holidays because they live 500 miles away.Baxter's grandparents would be considered

A)companionate.
B)involved.
C)distant.
D)remote.

Question 43

Babies born from unintended pregnancies are more likely to suffer both physical and social disadvantages.

Question 44

When do parents stop feeling like parents?

A)Once their children reach adolescence.
B)Once their children transition into adulthood.
C)Once their children become parents.
D)Parents continue to feel like parents as long as they have adult children.

Question 45

In regards to education, fertility rates are lowest among women with graduate degrees.

Question 46

Research on gay and lesbian parents compared with children of heterosexual parents reveals that

A)there are differences in these children's gender identity.
B)there are differences in gender-role behavior.
C)children with gay and lesbian parents experience more behavioral problems.
D)there are no significant differences in gender identities or gender-role behavior.

Question 47

The term "sandwich generation" refers to

A)parents who do not cook well-balanced meals for their children.
B)parents who feel "sandwiched" in between work and home life.
C)parents who have several children with conflicting demands.
D)parents who are caring for dependent children and elderly parents simultaneously.

Question 48

Within the Hispanic population in the United States, fertility and birth rates are highest among Cuban Americans.

Question 49

Contemporary child-rearing strategies share all EXCEPT which of the following tenets?

A)respect
B)consistency and clarity
C)communication
D)physical punishment

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs of children?

A)Adequate care and nutrition.
B)Protection from illness.
C)Safe, nurturing, and challenging schooling.
D)New or relatively new fashion and electronic devices.

Question 51

The terms "childless" and "child free" mean the same thing.

Question 52

Couples typically have no idea that they will or will not have children before they marry.

Question 53

Parentified children

A)can experience benefits from taking care of their parents before adulthood.
B)tend to reject careers in the helping professions as adults.
C)are typically self-focused and self-centered as adults as a result of their early childhood experiences.
D)are viewed as abnormal in all cultures.

Question 54

The cost of raising children is the same regardless of one's social class.

Question 55

Parents can foster high self-esteem in their children by doing all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Telling them they are proud of them at least once a day.
B)Respecting their individuality.
C)Accepting their children as they are.
D)Enforcing clearly defined limits.

Question 56

The loss of a child through miscarriage or stillbirth is not as devastating as losing an older child because the parent has not had time to develop an attachment yet.

Question 57

A man may feel confusion or conflicts about sexual activity during a partner's pregnancy.

Question 58

Central to a feminist critique of childbirth is what is in the best interest of the fetus.

Question 59

Although most women begin their families while in their twenties, we can expect that the trend toward later parenthood will continue to grow.

Question 60

Obedience is most important in which style of parenting?

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)uninvolved

Question 61

Advise parents about what is important for them to address when raising a child based on Konner's list for optimal child development.

Question 62

Discuss the factors contributing to the increase in deferred parenthood and the advantages of deferring parenthood.

Question 63

Most hospitals have responded to the need for family-centered childbirth.

Question 64

Most women find their hospital birth experiences to be negative.

Question 65

Distinguish between the culture of fatherhood and the conduct of fatherhood.

Question 66

Gay and lesbian parenting alters a child's gender identification.

Question 67

The rate of infant mortality in the United States remains far lower than the rates in most of the developed world.

Question 68

Adoption laws vary widely from state to state.

Question 69

How does ethnicity impact parenting?

Question 70

Baumrind views authoritarian parenting as the best parenting style.

Question 71

Personal development continues to be an important need for parents after the arrival of children.

Question 72

Kinkeepers are typically male.

Question 73

Larger percentages of adopted children than biological children are poor.

Question 74

Compare and contrast styles of grandparenting and issues facing contemporary grandparents.

Question 75

In recent years, few Americans have chosen to adopt for reasons other than infertility.