Deck 3: Organic Molecules of Cells

Question 1

Which of the following molecules might be used for an immediate source of energy?

A)nucleic acids
B)carbohydrates
C)water
D)protein
E)lipids

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Some carbohydrates serve as a source of quick energy and others as energy-storage molecules.

Question 2

The removal of a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom from two molecules to join them together is known as

A)a dehydration reaction.
B)a hydrophilic reaction.
C)a monomer reaction.
D)a polymer reaction.
E)a hydrolysis reaction.

Answer 2

A
Explanation: A cell uses a dehydration reaction to synthesize any biomolecule that has subunits.In this reaction,the equivalent of a water molecule consisting of an -OH (hydroxyl group)and an -H (hydrogen atom)is removed as the reaction occurs.After water is removed,a bond exists between the two monomers.it is unchanged by it.

Question 3

Which of these functional groups would be associated with nucleotides and phospholipids?

A)hydroxyl
B)phosphate
C)sulfhydryl
D)carbonyl
E)carboxyl

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Organic phosphate is present in nucleotides and phospholipids.

Question 4

A scientist is studying the polysaccharide which is used in plants for support,which is ,most likely,

A)chitin
B)glycogen
C)collagen
D)cellulose
E)peptidoglycans

Question 5

Which of the following molecules can ionize and release hydrogen ions to make the solution more acidic?

A)carbonyl
B)phosphate
C)sulfhydryl
D)carboxyl
E)hydroxyl

Question 6

The sugar which is transported in plants and is also used as table sugar is

A)sucrose
B)glucose
C)lactose
D)galactose
E)fructose

Question 7

A specific combination of bonded atoms which always react in the same way is known as

A)a hydrophilic group.
B)a hydrophobic group.
C)an organic group.
D)a functional group.
E)a covalent group.

Question 8

A molecule which speeds a reaction by bringing the reactants together is referred to as

A)a glycerol.
B)an enzyme.
C)a lipid.
D)a carbohydrate.
E)a nucleic acid.

Question 9

A chemist is in the lab studying a large organic molecule with many subunits,which would best be termed a

A)hydromer.
B)monomer.
C)polymer.
D)isomer.
E)hydrophilic.

Question 10

Which of the following makes the least sense as a topic of study in experiments on organic biomolecules?

A)nucleic acids
B)carbohydrates
C)water
D)lipids
E)proteins

Question 11

Which of the following is least critical for explaining why carbon is the basis of many different organic molecules?

A)A carbon atom has an atomic weight of 12.
B)Carbon can form double bonds with itself or other atoms.
C)A carbon atom can form covalent bonds with four different reactive atoms.
D)A string of carbons can form a ring compound or a branching structure.
E)Carbon can form covalent bonds with other carbons,which can lead to long chain of carbons.

Question 12

Which of the following organisms uses chitin for structure and support?

A)bacterium
B)cactus
C)human
D)tree
E)crab

Question 13

Since carbon has four electrons in its outer shell,it must

A)gain four electrons to complete its outer shell.
B)lose four electrons to become stable.
C)gain or lose two electrons to become stable.
D)share four electrons to complete its outer shell.
E)share two electrons to complete its outer shell.

Question 14

For a hydrolysis reaction to occur there must be water and many monomers.

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups when added to a carbon chain will transform it into an alcohol molecule?

A)sulfhydryl
B)hydroxyl
C)phosphate
D)carboxyl
E)carbonyl

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is more than a monosaccharide?

A)sucrose
B)galactose
C)deoxyribose
D)glucose
E)ribose

Question 17

The most essential ingredient in organic molecules is hydrogen.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a correct association of a lipid molecule and its specific function?

A)beeswax: main structural component of the bee honeycomb
B)phospholipid: main component of fats and oils
C)wax: waterproof covering of plant leaves
D)testosterone: steroid involved in muscle development in males
E)cholesterol: stabilize cell membrane of animal cells

Question 19

Which of the following polysaccharides is used by animals as the storage form of glucose?

A)chitin
B)cellulose
C)peptidoglycans
D)glycogen
E)collagen

Question 20

To convert two monosaccharides into a disaccharide,which of the following reactions would be needed?

A)an isomeric reaction
B)a hydrolysis reaction
C)a dehydration reaction
D)a hydrophobic reaction
E)a hydrophilic reaction

Question 21

Amino acids differ from one another according to their

A)amino group.
B)carbonyl group.
C)phosphorous content
D)calcium content
E)R group

Question 22

A change in protein structure due to high heat is called

A)denaturation.
B)saturation.
C)synthesis.
D)dehydration.
E)hydrolysis.

Question 23

Which of the following organic molecules would bacteria use to strengthen its cell wall?

A)peptidoglycans
B)starch
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen

Question 24

When converting a polypeptide into smaller subunits,which of the following chemical reactions would be needed?

A)a hydrophobic reaction
B)an isomeric reaction
C)a hydrophilic reaction
D)a hydrolysis reaction
E)a dehydration reaction

Question 25

The molecule which is responsible for the generally greater muscle development in males is called estrogen.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of a protein which has been denatured by high heat?

A)It can be reformed by cooling it back to room temperature.
B)It will still work the same as before the denaturation process.
C)It will no longer be able to perform its normal function.
D)It can be reformed by changing the pH.
E)It can be reformed by further heating.

Question 27

Which of the following matches one protein with the function of another?

A)hemoglobin: transport oxygen
B)myosin: movement of muscles
C)antibodies: fight bacteria and foreign materials
D)growth hormone: regulate sugar levels in blood
E)keratin: structure and support

Question 28

In plants,long term energy storage molecules are generally oils.

Question 29

The more unsaturated a lipid is,

A)the more glycerol it contains.
B)the more liquid it is at room temperature.
C)the more solid it is at room temperature.
D)the more hydrogen it contains.
E)the fewer kinks it has.

Question 30

Which of the following least likely to be a function of proteins in living organisms?

A)defense
B)support
C)metabolism
D)transport
E)long term energy storage

Question 31

Which of the following would be a highly unusual component of a phospholipid?

A)a nonpolar head
B)two fatty acids
C)a phosphate group
D)some nonpolar tails
E)a glycerol group

Question 32

h
The four rings in molecule shown contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.This molecule is a type of ____.

A)steroid
B)fatty acid
C)amino acid
D)nucleotide
E)phospholipid

Question 33

Which of the following is correct about saturated fatty acids?

A)They are made of glycerol.
B)They have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
C)They are made of nucleotides.
D)They are composed of glucose subunits.
E)They are composed of amino acid subunits.

Question 34

For good heart health,you should avoid saturated fats which are primarily found in ___.

A)fungi
B)crustaceans
C)bacterial cell walls
D)plant oils
E)mammals

Question 35

Fats and oils are referred to as triglycerides because

A)They have three glycerol molecules.
B)They have three fatty acid molecules.
C)They have three amino acids.
D)They have three phospholipids.
E)They have three steroid groups.

Question 36

Which of the following kinds of protein structure describes a linear sequence of amino acids?

A)quaternary
B)primary
C)pleated sheet
D)alpha helix
E)tertiary

Question 37

The short term storage form of glucose in plants is

A)chitin.
B)glycogen.
C)starch.
D)peptidoglycans.
E)cellulosE.

Question 38

The molecule shown makes plaques along the walls of blood vessels because

A)it is hydrophillic and can trap dust.
B)it is hydrophobic and would not dissolve in blood fluid.
C)it is hydrophobic and can repel insects.
D)it is hydrophillic and likes to stick to blood fluiD.
E)it is hydrophobic and serves as a waterproof barrier.

Question 39

The building blocks of proteins are called what?

A)monosaccharides
B)amino acids
C)phospholipids
D)peptides
E)nucleotides

Question 40

The bond between amino acids is referred to as an amino bond.

Question 41

The three parts which make up a nucleotide are: a sugar,a phosphate,and a nitrogen base.

Question 42

A molecule from a new organism contains adenine,cytosine,guanine,and thymine.What is this unknown molecule?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)lipid
D)protein
E)carbohydrate

Question 43

What does the breakdown of ATP produce?

A)glucose
B)friction
C)nerve impulse
D)muscle contraction
E)energy

Question 44

Deoxyribose is the sugar in DNA and ribose is the sugar in RNA.

Question 45

Which of the following is true of ATP?

A)It is used for long term energy storage.
B)It has a base of adenine,the sugar ribose,and three phosphate groups.
C)It contains adenine,ribose,and two phosphate groups.
D)It has a base of adenine,the sugar deoxyribose,and three phosphate groups.
E)It is very stablE.

Question 46

In DNA what is the correct base pair matching?

A)T-T,C-C
B)C-C,G-G
C)A-A,T-T
D)A-U,C-G
E)A-T,C-G

Question 47

Why is sickle cell disease more common in Americans with African ancestors than Americans with European ancestors?

A)Sickle-shaped blood cells caused malarial parasites to die,and thus gave protection against malarial infections prevalent in AfricA.
B)Sickle-shaped blood cells were good hosts for tuberculosis,and thus spread tuberculosis widely throughout Africa.
C)Sickle-shaped blood cells caused cholera bacteria to die,and thus gave protection against large-scale cholera epidemics throughout Europe.
D)Sickle-shaped blood cells caused tuberculosis bacteria to die,and thus gave protection against large-scale Tb epidemics throughout crowded areas in Africa.
E)Sickle-shaped blood cells were good hosts for cholera bactera,and thus caused many people to die from cholera and diarrhea.

Question 48

The base sequence of one DNA strand is ACGCTA.What is the complementary base sequence on the other DNA strand?

A)TAGCGT
B)TGCGAT
C)UGCGAU
D)ACGCTA
E)TCGCAT

Question 49

The terms alpha helix and pleated sheet are associated with which level of protein structure?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)quaternary
D)tertiary
E)dipeptide

Question 50

The subunit of RNA and DNA are referred to as

A)Phosphate groups
B)phospholipids.
C)amino acids.
D)nucleotides.
E)monosaccharides.

Question 51

DNA molecules are single stranded,have no thymine,and contain uracil.

Question 52

Which of the following levels of protein structure is found in most enzymes and hemoglobin?

A)dipeptide
B)primary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)secondary

Question 53

Which of these names a change in the DNA sequence of a gene,which may cause a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein?

A)mutation
B)complementation
C)nucleotide
D)carrier
E)recessive

Question 54

If a cell did not have RNA molecules,what would be the result?

A)The DNA would take over its job.
B)The cell would not have genes.
C)There would be no effect on the cell.
D)The cell could not make energy.
E)The cell would not be able to make proteins.