Deck 37: Population Ecology

Question 1

Which of the following is not a factor which affects biotic potential?

A)Age at which reproduction begins
B)How many different mates each individual has
C)Changes of survival until age of reproduction
D)Usual number of offspring per reproduction
E)How often each individual reproduces

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The biotic potential is high or low depends primarily on the following factors: 1.Usual number of offspring per reproduction,2.Chances of survival until age of reproduction and until reproduction ceases,3.Age structure diagram;age reproduction begins,4.Length of time and how often an individual reproduces

Question 2

Ecology is best defined as the study of:

A)Organisms as they interact with other organisms and their physical surrounding
B)Population increases and decreases
C)How populations are restricted by environmental resistance
D)Populations
E)The rate of population change

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with other organisms and with the physical environment.

Question 3

The nonliving resources in the environment are referred to as abiotic.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The nonliving resources in the environment are referred to as abiotic.

Question 4

The environmental aspects that determine where specific organisms live are called the:

A)Biotic factors
B)Density-independent factors
C)Limiting factors
D)Density-dependent factors
E)Life history factors

Question 5

All the creatures in your front yard represents a(n)__________ while the grasshoppers represent a(n)_____________.

A)Ecosystem;habitat
B)Ecosystem;population
C)Population;ecosystem
D)Population;community
E)Community;population

Question 6

A biologist is counting the number of individuals of a population per unit area.She is trying to determine the

A)Population frequency
B)Population density
C)Population capacity
D)Population distribution
E)Population potential

Question 7

If you were studying the maximum rate of natural increase of a population that can occur under ideal conditions,what would you would be studying?

A)Population growth
B)Biotic potential
C)Steady state
D)Environmental resistance
E)Carrying capacity

Question 8

A biologist is studying organisms which tend to exhibit a type I survivorship curve.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of organism?

A)Oysters
B)Large mammals
C)Hydras
D)Insects
E)Bacteria

Question 9

If you were studying the place where an organism lives,you would be studying its:

A)Habitat
B)Community
C)Biosphere
D)Ecosystem
E)Population

Question 10

The pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area is referred to as:

A)Population capacity
B)Population distribution
C)Population frequency
D)Population density
E)Population potential

Question 11

The age distribution of a stable population is:

A)Relatively equal in all ages
B)Unequal,with more people in the reproductive ages
C)Unequal,with more people in the postreproductive and prereproductive ages
D)Unequal,with more people in the postreproductive ages
E)Unequal,with more people in the prereproductive ages

Question 12

The term used to describe population members that are the same age and have the same chances of surviving is:

A)A family
B)A metapopulation
C)Biotic potential
D)A cohort
E)A population

Question 13

Which of the following describes a type II survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each interval)?

A)Most individuals die during their reproductive years
B)Most individuals die early in life and of old age
C)Many individuals die early in life
D)Most individuals die of old age
E)Individuals die at a constant rate throughout time

Question 14

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called:

A)Symbiosis
B)An ecosystem
C)Predation
D)Competition
E)A community

Question 15

Which of the following is not a factor in calculating a population's annual growth rate?

A)Emigration
B)Immigration
C)The number of individuals born
D)The number of individuals that die
E)Carrying capacity

Question 16

Which of the following is not a type of distribution pattern found in organisms?

A)Clumped
B)Equilibrium
C)Uniform
D)Random
E)All are patterns of distribution

Question 17

All members of the same species that inhabit a particular area are termed a(n):

A)Ecosystem
B)Population
C)Biosphere
D)Community
E)Niche

Question 18

Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest:

A)Environmental resistance is not at work
B)The biotic potential must be larger than usual
C)The individuals must be larger than usual
D)The population will continue to grow for some time
E)The population is shrinking

Question 19

If you were writing a paper on the relatively thin layer on the earth's surface where life is possible,your paper would be titled:

A)The lithosphere
B)A biopreserve
C)The biosphere
D)A biome
E)The ecosystem

Question 20

An ecosystem contains:

A)Only the food relationships found in an environment
B)Only the abiotic components of the environment
C)Only the energy flow components of the environment
D)Both the living and the abiotic components of the environment
E)Only the biotic components of the environment

Question 21

Density-independent means the mortality increases as density of population increase.

Question 22

Which of the following would not be considered a density-dependent factor controlling population size?

A)Drought
B)Predation
C)Parasites
D)Disease
E)Competition

Question 23

Figure:
This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does "C" represent?

A)The deceleration phase
B)The biotic phase
C)Stable equilibrium phase
D)The lag phase
E)The exponential growth phase

Question 24

Which of the following would not be a characteristic of an equilibrium species?

A)Long life span
B)Large individuals
C)Fast to mature
D)Few offspring
E)Much care of offspring

Question 25

Which type of species would exhibit an exponential population growth pattern?

A)Density-dependent species
B)Carrying capacity species
C)Opportunistic species
D)Equilibrium species
E)Density-independent species

Question 26

A population with a rapidly expanding exponential growth would best be represented by a graph with a(n)______-shaped curve.

A)Pyramid
B)Bell
C)S
D)J
E)Urn

Question 27

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an opportunistic species?

A)Fast to mature
B)Little or no care of offspring
C)Short life span
D)Small individuals
E)Few offspring

Question 28

If you were studying the phases of the logistic curve,which of the following would not be included in your studies?

A)The lag phase
B)The deceleration phase
C)The biotic potential phase
D)The exponential growth phase
E)The stable equilibrium phase

Question 29

Which of the following would not be a density-independent factor which affects a population?

A)Fire
B)Disease
C)Droughts
D)Hurricanes
E)Floods

Question 30

The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the:

A)Replacement reproduction
B)Demographic transition
C)Biotic potential
D)Carrying capacity
E)Environmental resistance

Question 31

Figure:
This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does "E" represent?

A)The deceleration phase
B)The lag phase
C)The exponential growth phase
D)Stable equilibrium phase
E)The carrying capacity phase

Question 32

Population size is believed to level off at the ________ of an environment.

A)Steady state
B)Population growth
C)Environmental resistance
D)Carrying capacity
E)Biotic potential

Question 33

If you were studying biotic factors which affect population size,you would most likely be studying which of the following?

A)Logistical-dependent factors
B)Carrying capacity-dependent factors
C)Density-dependent factors
D)Density-independent factors
E)Biotic-independent factors

Question 34

Extinction is the total disappearance of a species or a higher group.

Question 35

In logistic growth,the exponential growth phase is growing due to the biotic potential.

Question 36

Figure:
This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does "A" represent?

A)The biotic phase
B)Stable equilibrium phase
C)The deceleration phase
D)The exponential growth phase
E)The lag phase

Question 37

A biologist is studying a type of species which exhibits logistic population growth.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of species?

A)Density-dependent species
B)Opportunistic species
C)Equilibrium species
D)Density-independent species
E)Biotic species

Question 38

Figure:
This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does "D" represent?

A)The exponential growth phase
B)The lag phase
C)The deceleration phase
D)The biotic phase
E)Stable equilibrium phase

Question 39

Which of these is NOT a density-dependent factor which controls population size?

A)Parasites
B)Competition
C)Fire
D)Predation
E)Disease

Question 40

A biologist is studying factors which affect population size where the percentage of individuals killed remains the same regardless of population size.What are these factors?

A)Biotic-independent factors
B)Density-dependent factors
C)Density-independent factors
D)Logistical-dependent factors
E)Carrying capacity-dependent factors

Question 41

If you were studying the sequence of events which occur during demographic transition,you would determine that:

A)There is a decrease in birthrate followed by a decrease in death rate
B)There is a decrease in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
C)There is an increase in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate
D)There is an increase in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
E)There is a decrease in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate

Question 42

In nature animals tend to be either an opportunistic or equilibrium species or somewhere along an intermediate point between the two.Why aren't there animals in nature that are both big,fierce and highly reproductive so they leave many offspring?

A)Most animals are both opportunistic and equilibrium species
B)There is no limitation;such an animal could evolve
C)It is structurally impossible for a large animal to have many young
D)You can "spend" your energy to be a large equilibrium species,to produce many offspring as an opportunistic species,or to be somewhere in between,but you can't spend the energy to be both large and highly reproductive
E)Large animals are incapable of producing large numbers of offspring

Question 43

Which of the following statements accurately describes the less developed countries?

A)Low growth rate,different age groups of equal size
B)High birthrate,large postreproductive portion of the population
C)High birthrate,different age groups of equal size
D)High birthrate,large prereproductive portion of the population
E)Low birthrate,large reproductive portion of the population

Question 44

Which of the following does not impact an organism's biotic potential?

A)The rate of immigration into an area
B)Having the usual number of offspring per reproduction
C)The organisms chances of survival until age of reproduction
D)The age at which reproduction begins
E)How often each individual reproduces

Question 45

Which of these is the best way to control population growth rate in LDCs?

A)A good family planning program can help the growth rate decline even if the country is not yet industrialized
B)The less developed countries will always have a high growth rate with no accompanying problems so there is no need to do anything
C)The growth rate will decline only when the less developed countries are industrialized as much as the more developed countries
D)The less developed countries already have a low growth rate so there is no need to do anything
E)The growth rate of more developed countries contributes more to world population growth so we don't need to do anything with the population growth in LDCs

Question 46

Consider that a species of salmon lays 20,000 eggs per pair when it spawns and dies.At the end of five years,an average of one pair of mature salmon from this group of hatched eggs returns again to spawn in the parent stream (19,998 have died).What is the per capita rate of increase?

A)Zero,because there is exact replacement of the previous generation
B)10,000,because there were that many eggs produced per parent fish (r)
C)2,000,because this must be divided by five years
D)-2,000,because there was this much average die-off per year
E)-19,998,because there was this much total loss

Question 47

Farmers sprayed leechi trees to suppress populations of scale insects.This also killed the populations of a predatory lacewing that controlled the numbers of scales.Soon the spraying did no good,and the damage to the leechi from the scales was greater than before spraying had occurred.Few predatory lacewings existed in the trees now because

A)they,too,are insects so they are opportunistic species.
B)both insects were equilibrium species and resistance was a matter of chance.
C)the predator was an opportunistic species and was therefore more susceptible to the spray.
D)the scale insect was an opportunistic species and the high number of young included a resistant strain;the predator was an equilibrium species and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.
E)they had reached their carrying capacity and thus their numbers decreased due to environmental resistancE.

Question 48

If the growth rate increases,the doubling time:

A)Remains the same
B)Increases
C)Increases,then decreases
D)Decreases
E)Decreases,then increases

Question 49

Replacement reproduction cannot bring about zero population growth unless

A)There are as many older women leaving the reproductive years as there are younger women entering them
B)All diseases such as cholera,typhus,and diphtheria are brought under control
C)There are many fatalities due to a world war
D)There are more older women leaving the reproductive years than there are younger women entering them
E)There are fewer older women leaving the reproductive years than there are younger women entering them

Question 50

Consider the life of the praying mantis.The large predatory female lays several hundred eggs in a foam mass in the fall.The young are most vulnerable when they emerge in the spring,but the few that survive spread out over the countryside and,if they find a mate,lay eggs the following fall.Which type of survivorship curve does this represent?

A)Type III
B)Type II
C)Type I
D)Exponential growth followed by a decline from resource depletion
E)Maximal exponential growth and minimal use of carrying capacity

Question 51

Which country is contributing the least to the exponential growth of the human population?

A)Japan
B)Ecuador
C)India
D)China
E)Mexico

Question 52

The invention of modern medicine has enabled the human population to grow exponentially.

Question 53

Equilibrium species are more likely to go extinct when compared to opportunistic species.

Question 54

If a population has more younger women entering the reproductive years than older women leaving the reproductive years,which of the following statements is not true?

A)It is likely to be an MDC
B)The replacement reproduction will give a positive growth rate
C)It is likely to be an LDC
D)The growth rate will most likely increase
E)The age structure will have a pyramid shape

Question 55

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)The growth rate for LDCs is still growing
B)The growth rate for MDCs has now stabilized
C)Approximately half of the human population live in LDCs
D)People in LDCs are often underfed and live in poverty
E)The LDCs are not fully industrialized

Question 56

Which of the following is not a major factor in determining the risk of extinction in an equilibrium species that is unable to migrate?

A)Size of geographic range
B)Size of local population
C)The number of different species in an area
D)Degree of habitat tolerance
E)All are major factors