Deck 36: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4
E)Stage 5

Answer 1

A
Explanation: During the first stage of labor,the uterine contractions occur in such a way that the cervical canal slowly disappears as the lower part of the uterus is pulled upward toward the baby's head.This process is called effacement,or "taking up the cervix." The first stage of childbirth ends once the cervix is dilated completely.

Question 2

A pregnancy test is based on the production of _______ by the _________________.

A)FSH;anterior pituitary
B)Estrogen;ovary
C)Progesterone;corpus luteum
D)HCG;trophoblast
E)GnRH;hypothalamus

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The trophoblast begins to secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG),the hormone that serves as the basis for the pregnancy test and maintains the corpus luteum past the time it normally disintegrates.

Question 3

When looking at a cross section of the vertebrate embryo,which tissue forms the notochord?

A)Mesoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Somite tissue
E)Integumentary

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Mesoderm cells will contribute to the formation of the notochord during embryological development.

Question 4

The afterbirth refers to the:

A)Expulsion of the fetus
B)Expulsion of the uterine lining
C)Expulsion of the amniotic membrane
D)Expulsion of the placenta and membranes
E)The period of time between birth and nursing

Question 5

If cytoplasmic segregation does not occur properly,what are the potential consequences?

A)The maternal determinants are not parceled out evenly which can result in developmental problems of the cells in the morulA.This can ultimately produce deformed or nonfunctional cells in the organism.
B)The maternal determinants are not parceled out evenly which can result in developmental problems of the cells in the zygote.This can ultimately produce deformed or nonfunctional cells in the organism.
C)There are no positive or negative consequences to an organism if the cytoplasmic segregation does not occur properly.
D)The sperm cells of the individual are often deformed and have two tails instead of one.
E)The maternal determinants are not parceled out evenly which can result in developmental problems of the cells in the morula.One of the following cells will be significantly larger than the other.The smaller cell will not divide evenly and eventually die off.

Question 6

Genes that determine how segments develop during morphogenesis are termed __________ genes.

A)Induction
B)Cleavage
C)Differentiation
D)Homeotic
E)Morphogenic

Question 7

If you were a biologist studying the part of the blastocyst which will develop into the human embryo,you would be studying which of the following?

A)The archenteron
B)The blastopore
C)The chorion
D)The trophoblast
E)The inner cell mass

Question 8

The _____________ develops into the fetal portion of the placenta.

A)Amnion
B)Archenteron
C)Chorion
D)Yolk sac
E)Allantois

Question 9

If you were studying the process in which neighboring cells influence the development of each other,either by direct contact or by the production of chemical signals,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Neurulation
B)Gastrulation
C)Induction
D)Cell segregation
E)Homeotic pattern formation

Question 10

The neural tube of vertebrates develops during morphogenesis of the nervous system by the:

A)Migration of mesoderm cells
B)Folding of ectoderm tissue
C)Fusion of ectoderm and mesoderm
D)Contraction of the endoderm away from the mesoderm
E)Fusion of endoderm and mesoderm

Question 11

A biologist is studying the structure in the developing embryo that will transport nutrients and wastes between the mother and the fetus.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)The allantois
B)The chorion
C)The amnion
D)The embryonic disk
E)The trophoblast

Question 12

During which stage of childbirth does the doctor cut the umbilical cord?

A)Fifth stage
B)Third stage
C)First stage
D)Second stage
E)Fourth stage

Question 13

If you were studying the fine downy covering which develops on the skin of a fetus at around 5-7 months you would be studying which of the following?

A)The chorion
B)The pubescence
C)The lanugo
D)The vernosa
E)The allantois

Question 14

Which of the following develop from the germ layer called the ectoderm?

A)Nervous system and muscles
B)Muscles and blood
C)Gut and liver
D)Skin and nervous tissue
E)Skin and muscles

Question 15

During development,which of the following describes the correct sequence?

A)Growth,differentiation,morphogenesis
B)Differentiation,growth,morphogenesis
C)Differentiation,morphogenesis,growth
D)Morphogenesis,differentiation,growth
E)Growth,morphogenesis,differentiation

Question 16

A woman is considered pregnant when:

A)Sperm are in the uterus
B)The sperm and egg combine
C)Sperm are in the vagina
D)The fertilized egg implants in the ovary
E)The developing embryo implants itself in the endometrial lining

Question 17

The sac that surrounds the fetus and usually ruptures just before childbirth is the:

A)Gastrula
B)Allantois
C)Yolk sac
D)Amnion
E)Archenteron

Question 18

In order to provide for easier birth,a newborn baby has membranous areas of the skull called:

A)Oval windows
B)Bursa
C)Sutures
D)Septa
E)Fontanels

Question 19

A biologist is repeating the Hans Spemann experiment in which he observed the formation of a grey crescent which has formed after fertilization.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following organisms?

A)A fish
B)A human
C)A reptile
D)A chicken
E)A frog

Question 20

The allantois:

A)Gives rise to the umbilical blood vessels in humans
B)Is a structure composed of two germ layers
C)Is the outermost membrane in chick eggs
D)Has the same function in chicks and humans
E)Becomes the chorionic villi

Question 21

Which of the following is not an advantage of asexual reproduction?

A)It only takes one parent to reproduce
B)Generation time is much shorter
C)There is an increase in genetic diversity in the offspring
D)It can occur rapidly
E)It uses less energy than sexual reproduction

Question 22

During embryo formation,a ball of cells with a hollow cavity inside is termed a:

A)Morula
B)Blastula
C)Blastocoel
D)Gastrula
E)Neurula

Question 23

What is a reasonable conclusion as to how a child can be born with an abnormality to their thyroid gland and their digestive system?

A)During pregnancy the mother came into contact with a substance that caused developmental problems to the embryos endoderm layer.Disruption of the endoderm layer during embryonic development can lead to problems with the lining of the digestive and respiratory tract as well as the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
B)During pregnancy the mother came into contact with a substance that caused developmental problems to the embryos mesoderm layer.Disruption of the endoderm layer during embryonic development can lead to problems with the lining of the digestive and respiratory tract as well as the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
C)During pregnancy the mother came into contact with a substance that caused developmental problems to the embryos ectoderm layer.Disruption of the endoderm layer during embryonic development can lead to problems with the lining of the digestive and respiratory tract as well as the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
D)The sperm from the father contained an abnormal amount of human growth hormone that can lead to developmental problems with the embryo.
E)During delivery the child was exposed to the herpes virus that can lead to developmental problems associated with the thyroid as well as the digestive system.

Question 24

In the human male,the tube used to carry both sperm and urine is the:

A)Ureter
B)Vas deferens
C)Urethra
D)Fallopian tube
E)Seminiferous tubules

Question 25

Which of the following is the correct order of cellular development?

A)Zygote - morula - blastula - gastrula
B)Zygote - morula - gastrula - blastula
C)Morula - blastula - gastrula - zygote
D)Blastula - gastrula - zygote - morula
E)Gastrula - zygote - morula - blastula

Question 26

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity in a population.

Question 27

Which association is incorrect?

A)Gastrula-blastopore
B)Blastula-blastocoel
C)Primitive streak-morula
D)Gut-archenteron
E)Cleavage-zygote

Question 28

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the male reproductive system.What does "A" represent?

A)The testis
B)The vas deferens
C)The prostate gland
D)The epididymis
E)The urethra

Question 29

A biologist is studying the stage of vertebrate development which is characterized by a solid sphere of cells.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)A morula
B)A blastula
C)A blastocoel
D)A gastrula
E)A neurula

Question 30

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the male reproductive system.What does "D" represent?

A)The vas deferens
B)The urethra
C)The epididymis
D)The prostate gland
E)The testis

Question 31

Which of these organisms does not use asexual reproduction?

A)turtle
B)sponges
C)hydra
D)annelid
E)flatworms

Question 32

Which of these is not involved in the production of semen or seminal fluid?

A)Prostate gland
B)Bulbourethral gland
C)Graafian follicle
D)Testis
E)Seminal vesicle

Question 33

Which of the following is true about amphibian reproduction?

A)There is usually a larval stage.
B)The embryos develop within the female.
C)The eggs develop within a placental saC.
D)Internal fertilization is common.
E)The eggs have a hard shell.

Question 34

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the male reproductive system.What does "C" represent?

A)The testis
B)The vas deferens
C)The urethra
D)The prostate gland
E)The epididymis

Question 35

Trace the path of sperm during ejaculation:

A)Vas deferens,seminiferous tubules,epididymis,urethra
B)Testis,urethra,vas deferens,penis
C)Epididymis,vas deferens,urethra
D)Urethra,vas deferens,seminal vesicles,testis
E)Vas deferens,epididymis,urethra

Question 36

The pore created by invagination during the process of gastrulation will become the:

A)Brain
B)Heart
C)Mouth
D)Anus
E)Spinal cord

Question 37

Which of these is a correct association between a gland and the hormone it secretes?

A)Hypothalamus and testosterone
B)Anterior pituitary and GnRH
C)Anterior pituitary and testosterone
D)Hypothalamus and GnRH
E)Interstitial cells and gonadotropic hormones

Question 38

Which specific structure is where spermatids are produced by meiosis and differentiate into sperm?

A)Seminal vesicle
B)Urethra
C)Seminiferous tubules
D)Interstitial tissue
E)Vas deferens

Question 39

If you were studying the process by which a fertilized egg undergoes division without further growth you would be studying which of the following?

A)Cleavage
B)Gastrulation
C)Differentiation
D)Morphogenesis
E)Proliferation

Question 40

Which structure is the place where sperm cells mature and acquire the ability to swim?

A)vas deferens
B)epididymis
C)ejaculatory duct
D)seminal vesicles
E)testis

Question 41

Figure:
This figure shows the late gastrula stage in frog development.What does "a" represent?

A)Endoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Yolk plug
D)Gut
E)Mesoderm

Question 42

Which of the following procedures would decrease a man's chance of impregnating a woman,yet still leave him the potential to produce children later in life?

A)If the man had his vas deferens surgically severed
B)If the man had his testicles removed
C)If the man had his epididymis removed
D)If the man had his seminal vesicle removed
E)None of these methods would decrease his chances of impregnating a woman but still leave him the potential to produce children later in lifE.

Question 43

Where does fertilization in humans normally occur?

A)Oviducts
B)Uterus
C)Vagina
D)Ovarian follicle
E)Ovary

Question 44

Which type of birth control method is designed to prevent ovulation?

A)Contraceptive implant
B)Intrauterine device (IUD)
C)Condom
D)Diaphragm
E)All of these methods are designed to prevent ovulation

Question 45

The lining of the uterus that is discharged during the menstrual phase is the:

A)Cervix
B)Graafian follicle
C)Endometrium
D)Corpus luteum
E)Oviduct

Question 46

If you were studying days 6-13 of the 28 uterine cycle you would be studying which of the following?

A)The fertilization phase
B)The ovulation phase
C)The menstrual phase
D)The proliferative phase
E)The secretory phase

Question 47

During which days of the ovarian cycle will a woman,typically,ovulate?

A)Days 13 - 15
B)Days 1 - 3
C)Days 26 - 28
D)Days 5 - 7
E)Days 14 - 18

Question 48

Which hormone stimulates and maintains the secondary sexual characteristics in males at puberty?

A)LH
B)Testosterone
C)GnRH
D)Estrogen
E)FSH

Question 49

The clitoris in the female is homologous to the ________ in the male.

A)Vas deferens
B)Prostate gland
C)Testis
D)Scrotum
E)Penis

Question 50

Which of the following methods of birth control is 100% effective all of the time?

A)Tubal ligation
B)Vasectomy
C)Abstinence
D)Diaphragm
E)Condom

Question 51

Which of the following structures is not associated with the male reproductive system?

A)Fimbriae
B)Seminiferous tubules
C)Sertoli cells
D)Urethra
E)Seminal vesicles

Question 52

What effect does oral contraception have upon a woman's body?

A)Oral contraception shuts down the pituitary production of both FSH and GnRH
B)Oral contraception shuts down the pituitary production of both progesterone and estrogen
C)Oral contraception shuts down the pituitary production of both FSH and LH
D)Oral contraception shuts down the pituitary production of both FSH and estrogen
E)Oral contraception shuts down the hypothalamus production of both FSH and LH

Question 53

Figure:
This figure shows the late gastrula stage in frog development.What does "e" represent?

A)Endoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Yolk plug
D)Archenteron
E)Mesoderm

Question 54

Which issue do organisms who reproduce on land have to deal with that organisms who reproduce in water do not?

A)The egg can dry out
B)Difficulty in finding a mate
C)Predators that will eat the young
D)Finding suitable habitat for reproduction
E)Finding enough food for the offspring to survive

Question 55

Menstruation begins because:

A)The pituitary gland triggers it
B)Progesterone and estrogen levels are both low
C)Estrogen activity is at its peak
D)Progesterone production is highest
E)LH activity is at its peak

Question 56

After months of timing intercourse during the peak of ovulation a couple has been unsuccessful in getting pregnant.After consulting with her physician the woman discovered that her anterior pituitary is not secreting the normal levels of hormones and she is not ovulating on the correct day of her cycle.What is the best explanation for why she is not able to become pregnant?

A)The anterior pituitary produces FSH which in turn will cause the development of a follicle that will secrete estrogen and progesterone.The estrogen triggers the hypothalamus to release GnRH which leads to a surge in the production of progesterone.This is the hormone that will trigger ovulation on the 14th day of the cycle.If the anterior pituitary is not producing the correct amounts of FSH then the ovaries will not be able to maintain the production of the egg.
B)
The anterior pituitary produces FSH which in turn will cause the development of a follicle that will secrete estrogen and progesterone.The estrogen triggers the hypothalamus to release GnRH which leads to a surge in the production of LH.This is the hormone that will trigger ovulation on the 14th day of the cycle.If the anterior pituitary is not producing the correct amounts of FSH then the entire cascade of events will not occur properly.
C)The anterior pituitary produces GnRH which in turn will cause the development of a follicle that will secrete estrogen and progesterone.The estrogen triggers the hypothalamus to release FSH which leads to a surge in the production of LH.This is the hormone that will trigger ovulation on the 14th day of the cycle.If the anterior pituitary is not producing the correct amounts of GnRH then the entire cascade of events will not occur properly.
D)The posterior pituitary produces FSH which in turn will cause the development of a follicle that will secrete estrogen and progesterone.The estrogen triggers the hypothalamus to release GnRH which leads to a surge in the production of LH.This is the hormone that will trigger ovulation on the 14th day of the cycle.If the posterior pituitary is not producing the correct amounts of FSH then the entire cascade of events will not occur properly.
E)The anterior pituitary produces FSH which in turn will cause the development of a follicle that will secrete estrogen and progesteronE.The estrogen triggers the posterior pituitary to release GnRH which leads to a surge in the production of LH.This is the hormone that will trigger ovulation on the 14th day of the cyclE.If the anterior pituitary is not producing the correct amounts of FSH then the entire cascade of events will not occur properly.

Question 57

The egg is propelled down the oviduct by:

A)Simply drifting on the prevailing currents of body fluids
B)Flagella which are found on the cells which surround the egg
C)Cilia on the layer of cells surrounding the egg
D)Suction from uterine contractions
E)Cilia which line the oviduct

Question 58

Which structure is not found among animals that reproduce on land?

A)Penis
B)Egg shell
C)Yolk
D)Extra embryonic membranes
E)All of these structures are found in animals that reproduce on land

Question 59

Trace the path of sperm through the female reproductive tract:

A)Urethra,vagina,oviduct,cervix
B)Urethra,uterus,cervix,oviduct
C)Cervix,oviduct,vagina,uterus
D)Vagina,uterus,oviduct,cervix
E)Vagina,cervix,uterus,oviduct

Question 60

Which of the following structures is not associated with the female reproductive tract?

A)Vas deferens
B)Oviduct
C)Labium majus
D)Uterus
E)Fimbriae