Deck 35: Coordination by Hormone Signaling

Question 1

Figure:
This figure shows the organs and glands of the endocrine system.What does "B" represent?

A)The thyroid gland
B)The thymus gland
C)The adrenal glands
D)The pituitary gland
E)The hypothalamus

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The pituitary gland is located in the brain

Question 2

Figure:
This figure shows the organs and glands of the endocrine system.What does "C" represent?

A)The thymus gland
B)The pituitary gland
C)The thyroid gland
D)The hypothalamus
E)The adrenal glands

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The thyroid gland is located in the neck

Question 3

When combining with the target organ,the nervous system acts faster than the endocrine system.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The nervous system acts faster than the endocrine system.

Question 4

Which of the following endocrine gland(s)sits on top of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity?

A)The pineal gland
B)The adrenal glands
C)The hypothalamus
D)The thyroid
E)The thymus gland

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of steroid hormones?

A)They can be produced in the adrenal cortex
B)They bind to the plasma membrane
C)They activate transcription
D)They are lipids
E)They can bind to receptors inside the nucleus

Question 6

Which of the following is true of both the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A)They both use blood vessels
B)They both use a negative feedback mechanism
C)They both produce hormones
D)They both provide long-lasting responses
E)They both produce neurotransmitters

Question 7

Figure:
This figure shows the organs and glands of the endocrine system.What does "E" represent?

A)The adrenal glands
B)The hypothalamus
C)The thyroid gland
D)The thymus gland
E)The pituitary gland

Question 8

Figure:
This figure shows the organs and glands of the endocrine system.What does "D" represent?

A)The adrenal glands
B)The hypothalamus
C)The thymus gland
D)The thyroid gland
E)The pituitary gland

Question 9

Which system does the nervous system work with in order to regulate body systems?

A)Endocrine
B)Integumentary
C)Skeletal
D)Cardiac
E)Muscular

Question 10

A biologist is studying an endocrine gland found in the brain.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)The thyroid gland
B)The adrenal gland
C)The parathyroid gland
D)The pituitary gland
E)The thymus gland

Question 11

Pheromones can influence another individuals behavior the same way a hormone can.

Question 12

Which of the following endocrine structures would be found directly beneath the breastbone in the thoracic cavity?

A)The thyroid gland
B)The thymus gland
C)The parathyroid gland
D)The adrenal gland
E)The pituitary gland

Question 13

Steroid hormones can be produced by which of the following endocrine structures?

A)The pituitary gland
B)The thyroid gland
C)The ovaries
D)The parathyroid gland
E)The pineal gland

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential consequence of blocking the neurotransmitter from reaching the receptor site?

A)The nerve will produce a different type of neurotransmitter that does not get blocked from the receptor site.
B)The nerve impulse will increase in strength as the levels of neurotransmitter build up at the synapse.
C)The receptor sites will be filled with a different neurotransmitter allowing for a new muscle contraction to take place.
D)The muscle or gland that was supposed to receive the nerve impulse will fail to activate.In the case of the muscle it will not contract.If it is a gland it will not secrete its product.
E)The muscle or gland that was supposed to receive the nerve impulse will build up its threshold for activation.Once the threshold is reached the muscle will have a massive contraction while the gland will over secrete its product.

Question 15

Which body system coordinates activities of body parts by releasing hormones into the blood?

A)The respiratory system
B)The endocrine system
C)The circulatory system
D)The nervous system
E)The digestive system

Question 16

A biologist is studying hormones which enter the cell or nucleus where they bind to receptors.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)DNA hormones
B)Peptide hormones
C)RNA hormones
D)Steroid hormones
E)Lipid hormones

Question 17

Which of the following would be supportive evidence to suggest that pheromones play a role in human physiology?

A)The synchronization of menstrual cycles of women which live together
B)The regulation of calcium in the blood
C)The circadian rhythm in humans
D)The regulation of blood sugar by the pancreas
E)The production of milk by a new mother for her baby

Question 18

If you were studying an endocrine structure found in the neck you would be studying which of the following?

A)The pineal gland
B)The thymus gland
C)The hypothalamus
D)The thyroid gland
E)The adrenal gland

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about hormones?

A)Hormones are made by glands that have ducts
B)Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream
C)Hormones may be used at a far distance from where the hormone is made
D)Hormones have a slower effect than that mediated by the nervous system
E)Hormones bind to receptor sites at a target cell

Question 20

If you were studying hormones which never enter the cell and are commonly called the first messengers,you would be studying which of the following?

A)RNA hormones
B)Peptide hormones
C)Steroid hormones
D)DNA hormones
E)Lipid hormones

Question 21

The hypothalamic-releasing hormones directly control the:

A)Adrenal cortex
B)Posterior pituitary gland
C)Thyroid
D)Anterior pituitary gland
E)Pancreas

Question 22

Which of the following is not considered a tropic hormone?

A)Growth hormone
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Luteinizing hormone
D)Thyroid-stimulating hormone
E)Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 23

The hypothalamus stimulates the _____________,which stimulates the ____________ to release hormones.

A)Posterior pituitary;anterior pituitary
B)Anterior pituitary;thyroid
C)Adrenal cortex;gonads
D)Posterior pituitary;adrenal cortex
E)Anterior pituitary;posterior pituitary

Question 24

The anterior pituitary does not stimulate the:

A)Thyroid
B)Adrenal cortex
C)Testes and ovaries
D)Mammary glands
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 25

If you were studying the hormone which is responsible for lowering blood glucose you would be studying which of the following?

A)Oxytocin
B)Glucagon
C)Insulin
D)Melatonin
E)Glucocorticoids

Question 26

Cushing syndrome is caused by a hypersecretion from which of the following endocrine glands?

A)The pancreas
B)The hypothalamus
C)The adrenal medulla
D)The thyroid
E)The adrenal cortex

Question 27

A biologist is studying an endocrine gland that has a posterior and anterior portion and is responsible for producing prolactin and oxytocin.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying:

A)The thyroid gland
B)The thymus gland
C)The pituitary gland
D)The pineal gland
E)The adrenal gland

Question 28

A biologist is studying the portion of the endocrine system which secretes hormones that produce long-term responses to stress.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying:

A)The adrenal cortex
B)The thyroid gland
C)The adrenal medulla
D)The thymus gland
E)The hypothalamus

Question 29

Which of the following hormones stimulates the uterus to contract during child birth and produce milk letdown during nursing?

A)Gonadotropic hormone
B)Oxytocin
C)Calcitonin
D)Melatonin
E)Prolactin

Question 30

If you were studying a hormone which causes skin-color changes in fish,amphibians,and some reptiles,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Follicle-stimulating hormone
B)Luteinizing hormone
C)Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D)Adrenocorticotropic hormone
E)Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 31

A biologist is studying a hormone which causes a positive feedback loop which brings the mother's body further away from homeostasis during childbirth.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying:

A)Calcitonin
B)Estrogen
C)Insulin
D)Prolactin
E)Oxytocin

Question 32

Which of the following is not secreted by the adrenal glands?

A)Glucocorticoids
B)Mineralocorticoids
C)Calcitonin
D)Norepinephrine
E)Epinephrine

Question 33

Nontropic hormones are important in the endocrine system because they regulate the activity of other hormones.

Question 34

Which of the following hormones causes the reabsorption of water by the kidneys?

A)Melatonin
B)Insulin
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Oxytocin
E)Calcitonin

Question 35

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla and produce short-term effects in the body?

A)Melatonin
B)Glucocorticoids
C)Epinephrine
D)Glucagon
E)Oxytocin

Question 36

Which of the following endocrine glands does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A)The thyroid gland
B)The adrenal cortex
C)The thymus gland
D)The posterior pituitary gland
E)The anterior pituitary gland

Question 37

If you were studying the part of the endocrine system which controls glandular secretion of the pituitary gland you would be studying which of the following?

A)The adrenal cortex
B)The hypothalamus
C)The thymus gland
D)The pineal gland
E)The thyroid gland

Question 38

Which of the following hormones produced in the adrenal glands regulates salt and water balance,thus regulating blood volume and blood pressure?

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Calcitonin
C)Norepinephrine
D)Mineralocorticoids
E)Oxytocin

Question 39

Which of the following is responsible for the production of insulin?

A)The adrenal glands
B)The pancreas
C)The pituitary gland
D)The thymus
E)The thyroid

Question 40

______________ is the most important mineralocorticoid produced by the endocrine system.

A)Oxytocin
B)Melatonin
C)Aldosterone
D)Epinephrine
E)Glucagon

Question 41

The part of the endocrine system which is responsible for producing calcitonin is the:

A)Adrenal glands
B)Thymus
C)Parathyroid
D)Pituitary gland
E)Thyroid

Question 42

Which of the following is the best way to avoid diabetes type 2?

A)Take iodine supplements
B)Get adequate sleep
C)Avoid viral infections
D)Begin taking diabetes medicine before you develop the disorder
E)Adopt a healthy lifestyle of exercise and eating right

Question 43

The pineal gland is responsible for producing the hormone _______________.

A)Melatonin
B)Oxytocin
C)Insulin
D)Calcitonin
E)Glucagon

Question 44

Which of the following hormones require iodine?

A)Insulin
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Cortisol
D)Thyroxine
E)Aldosterone

Question 45

After being in a car accident and suffering a mild head injury,Steve's doctor diagnosed him with having mild damage to his posterior pituitary gland.What symptoms would he most likely experience as a result of his head injury?

A)Damage to the posterior pituitary would prevent him from secreting ADH and oxytocin into the bloodstream.Due to this injury he would not be able to reabsorb water from his bloodstream during urine formation.This would cause him to produce large amounts of urine and resulting in a loss of ions from the blood.
B)Damage to the posterior pituitary would prevent him from secreting ADH and oxytocin into the bloodstream.Due to this injury he would reabsorb significant amounts of water from his bloodstream during urine formation.This would cause him to produce a small amount of very concentrated urine placing stress upon the kidneys.
C)Damage to the posterior pituitary would prevent him from secreting growth hormone and gonadotropic hormones into the bloodstream.Due to this injury he would not be able to promote proper skeletal and muscular growth.This may cause him to have a stunted appearance.
D)Damage to the posterior pituitary would prevent him from secreting ADH and oxytocin into the bloodstream.Due to this injury he would not be able to reabsorb water from his bloodstream during urine formation.This would cause his kidneys to work extremely hard in order to maintain the proper ion concentration in his bloodstream.
E)Damage to the posterior pituitary would prevent him from secreting ADH and oxytocin into the bloodstream.Due to this injury he would not be able to reabsorb water from his bloodstream during urine formation.This would cause him to produce large amounts of urine and resulting in a loss of ions from the blood.He also would not be able to maintain homeostasis during childbirth.

Question 46

A physician is trying to block the expression of a gene that causes a protein in the cell membrane to be abnormally shaped.What would be the easiest way to block the expression of the gene if it is due to the presence of a steroid protein?

A)The physician should alter the composition of the plasma membrane making it impermeable to the steroid hormone or alter the composition of the steroid hormone making it insoluble in lipids.
B)The physician should find a way to alter the shape of the receptor molecules inside the nucleus.This would prevent the hormone form binding.
C)The physician should develop a drug that would block transcription from occurring.If this is done,then the code for the gene would not be formed.
D)The physician should develop a method to prevent the ribosome from translating the mRNA code into the particular protein.
E)The physician should develop a vaccination that would denature the protein once it has been formed.This would prevent the protein from being able to express its particular trait.

Question 47

A biologist is studying a disorder of the endocrine system which can occur after a viral infection.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Diabetes type 1
B)Hyperthyroidism
C)Myxedema
D)Cushing syndrome
E)Diabetes type 2

Question 48

Which of the following is not a symptom for diabetes?

A)Unusual hunger and/or thirst
B)Frequent urination,especially at night
C)Blurred vision
D)Excessive fatigue
E)Increased heart rate

Question 49

In a person who is a Type 2 diabetic,which step of the hormone pathway is interrupted?

A)Step 1 is interrupted in that insulin is unable to bind to the receptor in the plasma membrane.
B)Step 2 is interrupted in that insulin prevents the activation of the enzyme necessary to change ATP to cAMP.
C)Step 3 is interrupted in that insulin prevents cAMP from activating the enzyme cascade that will cause glycogen to be converted into glucose
D)Step 4 is interrupted in that the glycogen that is converted into glucose is unable to leave the cell and be transported to cells that require ATP
E)Step 1 is interrupted in that glucagon prevents the activation of the enzyme necessary to change cAMP to ATP and provide the cell with energy.

Question 50

Which of the following stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose and to use fat and protein in preference to glucose as energy sources?

A)Oxytocin
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon
D)Epinephrine
E)Calcitonin

Question 51

If we were interested in trying to regulate out sleep-wake cycle in order to stay awake at night and sleep during the day,we would need to decrease the production of which hormone at night?

A)Melatonin
B)Renin
C)Oxytocin
D)Glucagon
E)Aldosterone

Question 52

If you were studying a disorder which is caused by hypothyroidism you would be studying which of the following?

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes type 1
C)Diabetes type 2
D)Goiters
E)Sleep disorders

Question 53

Which two body systems will growth hormone have the biggest influence on?

A)Skeletal and muscular
B)Skeletal and nervous
C)Muscle and reproductive
D)Endocrine and digestive
E)Muscular and reproductive

Question 54

Which of the following is the correct short term response to stress?

A)Stress triggers the hypothalamus to send nerve impulses to the spinal cord.From here they leave by the sympathetic fibers and go to the adrenal medullA.The adrenal medulla will release epinephrine and norepinephrine.Both of which will cause the heartbeat and blood pressure to increase.The blood glucose levels will rise and more energy will be available for the muscles.
B)Stress triggers the anterior pituitary to send nerve impulses to the spinal cord.From here they leave by the sympathetic fibers and go to the adrenal medulla.The adrenal medulla will release epinephrine and norepinephrine.Both of which will cause the heartbeat and blood pressure to increase.The blood glucose levels will rise and more energy will be available for the muscles.
C)Stress triggers the hypothalamus to send nerve impulses to the spinal cord.From here they leave by the sympathetic fibers and go to the adrenal medulla.The adrenal medulla will release glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.Both of which will cause the heartbeat and blood pressure to increase.The blood glucose levels will rise and more energy will be available for the muscles.
D)Stress triggers the hypothalamus to send nerve impulses to the spinal corD.From here they leave by the sympathetic fibers and go to the adrenal medulla.The adrenal medulla will release epinephrine and norepinephrine.Both of which will cause the heartbeat and blood pressure to decrease.The blood glucose levels will rise and more energy will be available for the muscles.
E)Stress triggers the hypothalamus to send nerve impulses to the spinal cord.From here they leave by the sympathetic fibers and go to the adrenal medulla.The adrenal medulla will release glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.Both of which will cause protein and fat metabolism to occur instead of glucose breakdown.Blood volume and pressure will increasE.

Question 55

Which of the following is not one of the body's long-term response to stress?

A)An increase in blood glucose levels
B)The metabolism of fats and proteins
C)Suppression of immune system cells
D)Reabsorption of water by the kidneys
E)An increase in blood pressure

Question 56

During which time of the year does the pineal gland secrete the greatest amount of melatonin?

A)During the winter
B)During the summer
C)During the spring
D)During the fall
E)The levels of secretion are equal across the entire year

Question 57

Which of the following is not associated with the endocrine system?

A)Muscles and glands are the target cells of its information
B)It is composed of glands
C)Its product is usually delivered through the bloodstream
D)It is typically controlled by a negative feedback system
E)The response is usually slow and long-lasting

Question 58

What is the reason behind why diabetics are often tired and fatigued?

A)The diabetic is unable to bring in the correct amount of glucose into the cells.If the cells lack glucose then they are unable to convert it into ATP and supply energy for the body.The lack of energy is what leads to the tiredness and fatigue of the individual.
B)The diabetic is unable to bring in the correct amount of glucose into the cells.If the cells lack glucose then they are unable to convert it into glycogen which is converted into ATP by the mitochondria.The lack of ATP is what leads to the tiredness and fatigue of the individual.
C)The individual is not allowed to eat foods that are carbohydrate based.Since carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body,a lack of them will lead to tiredness and fatigue.
D)The cells of the individual do not have enough transporters to allow the glucose to enter into them.This will prevent the nucleus from converting the glucose into ATP leading to the tiredness and fatigue of the individual.
E)The cells of the individual are not able to produce enough aldosterone which is responsible for producing the mineralocorticoids.This will prevent the kidneys from secreting renin which is responsible for converting glycogen into glucosE.The lack of glucose is what leads to the tiredness and fatigue of the individual.

Question 59

Which of the following endocrine gland(s)is responsible for increasing the blood calcium levels?

A)The thymus gland
B)The pituitary gland
C)The parathyroid glands
D)The hypothalamus
E)The adrenal glands