Deck 32: Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Question 1

Figure:
This figure shows the phases of digestion.What does "A" represent?

A)Digestion
B)Defecation
C)Ingestion
D)Absorption
E)Elimination

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Understand the phases of digestion.

Question 2

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called:

A)Constrictors
B)Dilators
C)Sphincters
D)Lacteals
E)Mucosa

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Sphincter muscles encircle tubes and act as valves.

Question 3

If you were studying the phase of the digestion process which can be broken down further into mechanical and chemical subdivisions,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Elimination
B)Ingestion
C)Defecation
D)Absorption
E)Digestion

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Digestion is composed of two subdivisions: mechanical and chemical subdivisions.

Question 4

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human digestive system.What does "A" represent?

A)The liver
B)The esophagus
C)The rectum
D)The stomach
E)The transverse colon

Question 5

The main function of the esophagus is to:

A)Digest proteins
B)Digest carbohydrates
C)Transport food from the small intestine to the large intestine
D)Transport food from the mouth to the stomach
E)Transport food from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 6

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human digestive system.What does "C" represent?

A)The liver
B)The esophagus
C)The rectum
D)The stomach
E)The transverse colon

Question 7

If you were studying the structure which is shared by the digestive system and the respiratory system you would be studying which of the following?

A)The esophagus
B)The pharynx
C)The glottis
D)The epiglottis
E)The trachea

Question 8

When nutrients are taken into the body,often into the bloodstream,it is referred to as:

A)Defecation
B)Absorption
C)Elimination
D)Ingestion
E)Digestion

Question 9

A biologist is studying the rhythmic muscular contractions which push food along the digestive tract.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Peristalsis
B)Reflux
C)Dysmorphia
D)Swallowing
E)Ingestion

Question 10

A biologist is studying organisms which sift small food particles from the water.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Filter feeders
B)Fluid feeders
C)Bulk feeders
D)Substrate feeders
E)Parasites

Question 11

Figure:
This figure shows the phases of digestion.What does "C" represent?

A)Digestion
B)Defecation
C)Ingestion
D)Absorption
E)Elimination

Question 12

Organisms which are parasites are described as ____________ feeders.

A)Filter
B)Suspension
C)Fluid
D)Bulk
E)Substrate

Question 13

Which phase of digestion is most likely disrupted if a person lacks the ability to produce specific enzymes?

A)Ingestion
B)Absorption
C)Elimination
D)Digestion
E)Excretion

Question 14

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human digestive system.What does "D" represent?

A)The liver
B)The esophagus
C)The rectum
D)The stomach
E)The transverse colon

Question 15

Which of the following would not be associated with the human mouth?

A)The hard and soft palate
B)The uvula
C)Chemical and mechanical digestion
D)Microvilli
E)Teeth

Question 16

Which stages of digestion require the use of jaw muscles and teeth?

A)Absorption & ingestion
B)Ingestion & digestion
C)Digestion & elimination
D)Digestion & absorption
E)Absorption & elimination

Question 17

The small intestine functions primarily in which phase of digestion?

A)Digestion
B)Ingestion
C)Absorption
D)Elimination
E)It plays a role in all the phases of digestion

Question 18

Which of the following is not associated with a bulk feeder?

A)Biting off chunks of food
B)Human feeding strategy
C)Swallowing prey whole
D)Sifting small particles out of water
E)Eating discontinuously

Question 19

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the:

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Epiglottis
D)Glottis
E)Sphincter muscle

Question 20

If you were examining an organism that has a gizzard which serves as an area for mechanical digestion of food you would be studying which of the following?

A)A flatworm
B)A cow
C)A rabbit
D)A fox
E)A bird

Question 21

The main function of bile is:

A)To kill bacteria
B)Emulsify fats
C)Neutralize stomach acid
D)Helps break down starch
E)Aids in the absorption of glucose

Question 22

What is the role of HCl in the stomach?

A)It is a symptom of a digestive disorder
B)Only to cause stomach ulcers
C)Digestive enzyme to hydrolyze fats
D)Aids in the digestion of starch
E)Activates digestive enzyme pepsin

Question 23

A biologist is studying the function of the pancreas.Based on this information which of the following would not be included in his or her studies?

A)Secretion of bile
B)Secretion of insulin
C)Secretion of glucogon
D)Secretion of enzymes to digest food
E)Neutralize acid form stomach

Question 24

Nondigestible carbohydrates which are derived from plants are referred to as:

A)Proteins
B)Fiber
C)Sugar
D)Glucose
E)Starch

Question 25

Most nutrients are absorbed by the stomach.

Question 26

The correct function of the human stomach is:

A)To produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria
B)To begin the absorption of most small food molecules
C)Storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to begin chemical digestion
D)Promote bacterial fermentation
E)Primary site for water absorption

Question 27

What substance protects the stomach lining from the acidic nature of the HCl acid in the stomach?

A)Pepsin
B)Pepsinogen
C)Antacids
D)Mucus
E)Bacteria

Question 28

Bile is produced in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.

A)Pancreas;gall bladder
B)Gall bladder;liver
C)Liver;pancreas
D)Pancreas;liver
E)Liver;gall bladder

Question 29

The large intestine has a large population of the bacteria Escherichia coli.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a portion of the large intestine?

A)The transverse colon
B)The sigmoid colon
C)The duodenum colon
D)The ascending colon
E)The descending colon

Question 31

If a biologist was studying the site in the digestive system where polyps occur,he or she would be studying which of the following?

A)The stomach
B)The esophagus
C)The appendix
D)The small intestine
E)The colon

Question 32

Name the structure and organ that has microvilli and absorbs nutrients:

A)Villus,large intestine
B)Villus,small intestine
C)Villus,stomach
D)Folds,stomach
E)Folds,large intestine

Question 33

In humans,the long-term energy reserves are:

A)Starches
B)Proteins
C)Fats
D)Sugars
E)Minerals and vitamins

Question 34

If you were studying the function of the liver which of the following would NOT be included in your studies?

A)Detoxifies blood
B)Stores glucose as glycogen
C)Produces urea
D)Produces amylase,trypsin,and lipase
E)Helps reduce cholesterol

Question 35

If you were studying the molecules where most of the cells get their energy from,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Proteins
B)Fats
C)Minerals and vitamins
D)Sugars and starches
E)Nucleic acids

Question 36

Which of the following types of food is the most dangerous to human health if not carefully regulated?

A)Trans fats
B)Proteins
C)Starches
D)Unsaturated fats
E)Sugars

Question 37

If you were studying the portion of the small intestines which receives food,bile,and pancreatic juices,you would be studying which of the following structures?

A)The appendix
B)The cecum
C)The duodenum
D)The transverse intestine
E)The ascending intestine

Question 38

Water is absorbed primarily by the:

A)Colon
B)Duodenum
C)Stomach
D)Anal canal
E)Esophagus

Question 39

Microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the:

A)Esophagus
B)Stomach
C)Duodenum
D)Tongue
E)Pharynx

Question 40

In mammals,fats are absorbed:

A)In the large intestine
B)In the stomach
C)Primarily into the blood capillaries
D)Primarily into the ducts of the lacteals
E)Primarily in the transverse colon

Question 41

A patient reports to his physician that he has been experiencing some digestive discomfort for the past several weeks.Upon examination the doctor notices that the patient has a high level of fatty acids in his blood as well as a slight yellowish tinge to his skin.What is the most likely scenario for why thus patient is showing these symptoms?

A)The patient most likely has a slight form of jaundice due to a blockage of the common bile duct.
B)The patient most likely has a slight form of jaundice due to a blockage of the pancreatic duct.
C)The patient most likely has a slight form of cirrhosis of the liver as a result of a blockage of the common bile duct.
D)The patient most likely has a slight form of jaundice due to a blockage of the common hepatic duct.
E)The patient most likely has a severe form of hemolytic jaundice due to a blockage of the common bile duct.

Question 42

Which of the following surgical techniques would help someone to decrease the amount of calories their body absorbs,thus helping with weight loss?

A)Removal of a section of the small intestine.
B)Placing an artificial sphincter around the esophagus to restrict the amount of nutrients that enter the stomach.
C)Removal of the transverse colon.
D)Removal of the pancreas to prevent the secretion of pancreatic juices.
E)Removal of the liver to prevent the filtering of the blood.

Question 43

In women,a lack of __________ can cause anemia and a lack of __________ can cause osteoporosis.

A)Iron;phosphorus
B)Calcium;iron
C)Phosphorus;calcium
D)Iron;calcium
E)Phosphorus;magnesium

Question 44

Which of the following are NOT regarded as liver problems or disease?

A)Jaundice
B)Hepatitis
C)Cirrhosis
D)Diabetes Type 2
E)Gallstones

Question 45

Which animal is the best example of a herbivorous fluid feeder?

A)Aphid
B)Vampire bat
C)Tube worms
D)Leeches
E)Baleen whales

Question 46

If someone decided to completely eliminate milk from their diet,which of the follow are they least likely to experience as a result of their change?

A)A decrease in their dietary sugar consumption.
B)A decrease in their dietary lipid consumption.
C)Potential for a loss of appetite and possible mental depression.
D)Impaired growth of bones and teeth.
E)Headaches,nausea,and hair loss.

Question 47

_____________ are organic compounds that regulate various metabolic activities,some of which are considered antioxidants.

A)Trace minerals
B)Vitamins
C)Amino acids
D)Major minerals
E)Nucleic acids

Question 48

Which of the following is not a consequence of someone having a section of their large intestine removed?

A)A decreased ability to absorb water,salts and vitamins.
B)A decreased ability to store undigested material that forms into feces.
C)A decrease in the production of vitamin K which can lead to problems with blood clotting.
D)An increased frequency of elimination of feces.
E)A decreased ability to absorb nutrients like glucose,amino acids and fatty acids.

Question 49

While watching late night TV,John noticed a commercial that was advertising a product that allows you to eat all the fat that you want and you won't gain any weight.In order to accomplish this feat,the product claims that it prevents the fat from being digested.Which is the best scientific explanation for how this is accomplished?

A)The product denatures,or prevents the enzyme lipase from functioning.Lipase digests fat droplets to monoglycerides and fatty acids which can then be absorbed by the body which leads to weight gain.
B)The product denatures,or prevents the enzyme pancreatic amylase from functioning.Pancreatic amylase digests fat droplets to monoglycerides and fatty acids which can then be absorbed by the body which leads to weight gain.
C)The product denatures,or prevents the enzyme lipase from functioning.Lipase digests fat droplets to glucose which can then be absorbed by the body which leads to weight gain.
D)The product denatures,or prevents the enzyme trypsin from functioning.Trypsin digests fat droplets to monoglycerides and fatty acids which can then be absorbed by the body which lead to weight gain.
E)The product denatures,or prevents the enzyme nucleases from functioning.Nucleases digests fat droplets to monoglycerides and fatty acids which can then be absorbed by the body which lead to weight gain.

Question 50

What is the evolutionary advantage of starch digestion beginning in the mouth instead of the stomach or small intestine?

A)Starch is broken down into glucose during the digestion process.Glucose then is used to run cellular respiration in order to provide the body with a readily available supply of energy.
B)The stomach does not contain the necessary enzymes to digest starch so it needs to begin in the mouth.
C)The small intestine doesn't contain the necessary enzymes to digest starch.If it didn't begin in the mouth starch would not be completely digested or absorbed.
D)The acidic nature of the stomach prevents starch from being digesteD.Instead it is absorbed and stored as fat.
E)Starch is broken down into glucosE.This is then stored by the body for future events.

Question 51

If a patient has had their gallbladder removed,which of the following scenarios are they likely to experience?

A)Their feces will become greasy or have a higher fat content to it causing discomfort and digestive issues.
B)The amount of urea excreted in the urine will increase sharply.
C)The amount of urea excreted in the urine will decrease sharply.
D)The blood glucose levels will be out of balance causing the individual to develop Type I diabetes.
E)A greater than normal amount of glycerol and amino acids will be converted into glucose molecules in order to supply the body with energy.

Question 52

If the pancreas does not function correctly it can lead to the blood glucose levels becoming out of balance.

Question 53

Inadequate levels of meat and dairy in the diet will result in low levels of which major mineral and what consequences can it lead to?

A)A low level of phosphorus can lead to in adequate repair of cells and low levels of energy.
B)A low level of phosphorus can lead to in adequate formation of proteins and the enzymes for nerve and muscle contraction not being formed.
C)A low level of calcium can lead to stunted growth in children and slow healing of bones.
D)A low level of zinc can lead to problems with protein synthesis and slow wound healing.
E)A low level of riboflavin can lead to problems with cellular respiration as well as blurred vision and dementia.

Question 54

A nutritionist is studying a protein which contains all nine essential amino acids.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of protein?

A)Low-quality
B)Incomplete
C)Saturated
D)Trans
E)Complete

Question 55

According to nutritionists,protein should not supply the bulk of dietary calories.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a component of pancreatic juice?

A)Amylase
B)Sodium bicarbonate
C)Trypsin
D)Lipase
E)Chyme

Question 57

If you were studying the minerals which are consumed in excess by many people,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Calcium
B)Iron
C)Sodium
D)Phosphorus
E)Magnesium

Question 58

During digestion and absorption,which of the following scenarios is not accurate?

A)Polysaccharides are digested by pancreatic amylase into maltose and eventually into glucose.This is then absorbed into the blood capillaries.
B)During digestion proteins are digested by trypsin into peptides which are then digested by peptidases into amino acids.This is then absorbed into the blood capillaries.
C)During digestion fat droplets are emulsified by bile salts which eventually are digested by lipase into monoglycerides.This is then absorbed into the lymph capillaries.
D)During digestion fat droplets are emulsified by bile salts which eventually are digested by lipase into monoglycerides.This is then absorbed into the blood capillaries.
E)A duct brings bile and from the liver and gallbladder and deposits it into the small intestinE.

Question 59

If a person suffers from occasional bouts of gout as well as kidney stones,this can be an indication that they have an excess of which vitamin in their diet?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D
E)Niacin