Deck 31: Lymph Transport and Immunity

Question 1

Figure:
This figure shows the vessels and organs of the lymphatic system.What does "e" represent?

A)The spleen
B)The thymus gland
C)The axillary lymph nodes
D)The tonsils
E)The inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 1

A
Explanation: "e" represents the spleen.See Figure 31.1A.

Question 2

The doctor has been struggling with finding out why John has been feeling so poorly lately.For the past month he has been rundown,had a low grade fever and always tired.A test of his blood indicated that he has a bacterial infection.Which of the following explanations best summarizes John's health situation?

A)John most likely has something wrong with his spleen due to the bacterial infection in his blood.The spleen also is responsible for housing T and B cells which play a role in defending the body.
B)John most likely has something wrong with his thymus gland due to the bacterial infection in his blood.The thymus gland also is responsible for housing T and B cells which play a role in defending the body.
C)John most likely has an infection of his tonsils.If the tonsils are infected they will be unable to prevent the infection from spreading throughout his blood stream.
D)John most likely has something wrong with his spleen due to the bacterial infection in his blooD.The spleen also is responsible for housing macrophages and red blood cells which play a role in defending the body.
E)

Answer 2

A
Explanation: None of these explanations summarize John's health conditionThe spleen is responsible for cleaning the blood of cellular debris and bacteria while resident T cells and B cells respond to the presence of antigens.If the spleen is not functioning correctly the person will not be able to fight off a bacterial infection.The bacterial infection will explain why he has a low grade fever,has been run down and has ben feeling tired for the past month.

Question 3

If you were studying small ovoid structures which occur along lymphatic vessels you would be studying which of the following?

A)The lymph nodes
B)The spleens
C)The tonsils
D)The thymus glands
E)The Peyer patches

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Lymph nodes are small (about 1-25 mm in diameter),ovoid structures occurring along lymphatic vessels.

Question 4

Figure:
This figure shows the vessels and organs of the lymphatic system.What does "a" represent?

A)The spleen
B)The thymus gland
C)The axillary lymph nodes
D)The tonsils
E)The inguinal lymph nodes

Question 5

________________ is where B cells are produced and where they mature.

A)The thymus gland
B)The spleen
C)The tonsils
D)The red bone marrow
E)The lymph nodes

Question 6

If you were studying the portion of the immune system that forms a membrane attack complex,which produces holes in the surface of some bacteria,you would be studying:

A)Eosinophils
B)Interferons
C)Dendritic cells
D)Cytokines
E)Complement proteins

Question 7

A clinical laboratory researcher has discovered new strain of bacteria that is a potential health threat.What steps would the researcher need to take in order to develop a complement system that will be useful against the new strain of bacteria?

A)The researcher needs to develop a complement protein that will form a membrane attack complex on the bacterial cell membrane.The membrane attack complex will allow fluids and salts to enter the cell which causes the cell to lysis.
B)The researcher needs to develop a complement fatty acid that will form a membrane attack complex on the bacterial cell membrane.The membrane attack complex will allow fluids and salts to enter the cell which causes the cell to lysis.
C)
The researcher needs to develop a complement protein that will form a membrane attack complex on the bacterial cell membrane that will cause the cell membrane to disintegrate.This will make the bacteria nonfunctional.
D)The researcher needs to develop a complement protein that will attract natural killer cells to the site of the bacterial infection.The natural killer cells will enter the bacterial cells causing it to lysis.
E)The researcher needs to develop a complement protein that will attach attack antigens to the bacterial cell membranE.This will make the bacterial cell noticeable to T cells which will migrate to the site of the infection and destroy the bacteria.

Question 8

A biologist is studying the location where T cells mature.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)The red bone marrow
B)The tonsils
C)The lymph nodes
D)The spleen
E)The thymus gland

Question 9

Macrophages and dendritic cells release _______________,which stimulate the immune response.

A)Histamines
B)Antigens
C)Lymphatic fluids
D)Antibodies
E)Cytokines

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a type of white blood cell?

A)Macrophages
B)Neutrophils
C)Dendritic cells
D)B cells
E)Eosinophils

Question 11

The skin is used as a defense mechanism against pathogens.

Question 12

Figure:
This figure shows the vessels and organs of the lymphatic system.What does "d" represent?

A)The spleen
B)The thymus gland
C)The axillary lymph nodes
D)The tonsils
E)The inguinal lymph nodes

Question 13

Which of the following is not part of the human body's first line of defense?

A)Antimicrobial molecules
B)The skin
C)Antibodies
D)Resident bacteria
E)Mucous membranes

Question 14

Which of the following lymphatic tissues is located in the intestinal walls?

A)The spleen
B)The Peyer patches
C)The thymus glands
D)The lymph nodes
E)The tonsils

Question 15

Cells found in tissue that cause the surrounding capillaries to dilate are called:

A)Plasma cells
B)T cells
C)Mast cells
D)B cells
E)Eosinophils

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A)Help transport fat
B)Absorb excess fluid from tissues
C)Produces and distributes red blood cells
D)Defend the body against pathogens
E)Produces and distributes lymphocytes

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A)Absorb excess fluid and return it to the bloodstream
B)Absorb fats
C)Production of lymphocytes
D)Defend the body against pathogens
E)Transportation of gases throughout the body

Question 18

A biologist is studying the chemical released by damaged tissue cells.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Antigens
B)Histamine
C)Interferons
D)Lymphatic fluid
E)Antibodies

Question 19

Figure:
This figure shows the vessels and organs of the lymphatic system.What does "c" represent?

A)The spleen
B)The thymus gland
C)The axillary lymph nodes
D)The tonsils
E)The inguinal lymph nodes

Question 20

Which system does the lymphatic system work closely with in order to maintain homeostasis in the body?

A)Urinary
B)Reproductive
C)Digestive
D)Cardiovascular
E)Endocrine

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true about active immunity?

A)It forms a specific defense against a particular antigen
B)It will last for some time
C)The particular antibody formed will react against many different antigens
D)It is the result of T cell and B cell activity
E)An antigen-antibody reaction must occur

Question 22

Which type of lymphocyte is sometimes called a "killer cell" that brings about the destruction of antigen-bearing cells?

A)Helper T cells
B)Suppressor T cells
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)Memory T cells
E)Macrophage T cells

Question 23

If you were a biologist studying the two cells which squeeze through capillary walls and phagocytize pathogens,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Neutrophils and monocytes
B)Macrophages and dendritic cells
C)Neutrophils and dendritic cells
D)Macrophages and neutrophils
E)Macrophages and monocytes

Question 24

If you are studying a type of cell that can jump start an immune reaction to an antigen it recognizes,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Helper T cells
B)Memory T cells
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)Plasma T cells
E)Receptor T cells

Question 25

A biologist is studying cell-mediated immunity in her lab.Based on this information which of the following would not be included in her studies?

A)Plasma cells
B)T cell receptors
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)Helper T cells
E)Memory T cells

Question 26

The presence of antibodies in a newborn baby is most often due to:

A)Active immunity from the mother
B)Passive immunity from the mother
C)Immunity rapidly developed after birth
D)Natural immunity developed by the baby before birth
E)Exposure of the baby to antigens after birth

Question 27

Which type of T cell coordinates the immune response?

A)Helper T cells
B)Suppressor T cells
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)Memory T cells
E)IgT cells

Question 28

Which of the following would be considered a form of active immunity?

A)Antibodies from breast milk
B)A vaccination
C)Antibodies from the mother's placenta
D)Antibiotics given by a doctor
E)An injection of gamma globulin

Question 29

Long-term immunity is made possible in the human body by the production of:

A)Long-term plasma cells
B)Memory dendritic cells
C)Long-term macrophages
D)Memory B cells
E)Long-term antigen production

Question 30

When a macrophage engulfs a pathogen,a piece of the pathogen is then displayed on the macrophage's surface in ________________ protein.

A)Self-antigen complex
B)Immunoglobulin complex
C)Histamine complex
D)Cell-mediated complex
E)Major histocompatibility complex

Question 31

A biologist is studying the portion of the antibody which binds to an antigen.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)The variable portion
B)The constant portion
C)The heavy chain portion
D)The variable and constant portion
E)The antigen receptor portion

Question 32

Which of the following is true about the clonal selection theory?

A)An antigen selects certain B cells to produce a clone of plasma cells
B)An antibody stimulates the multiplication of B cell antigens against it
C)T cells select those B cells that should produce antibodies regardless of antigens
D)T cells suppress all those B cells except the ones that should divide and multiply
E)An antibody selects certain B cells to produce a clone of plasma cells

Question 33

Which type of cell will produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream?

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)Plasma cells
D)Memory cells
E)Mast cells

Question 34

If you were studying cells with specific receptors that combine with specific antigens,you would be studying which of the following?

A)Eosinophils
B)Erythrocytes
C)Dendritic cells
D)T cells
E)Monocytes

Question 35

An important step in the body's second line of defense is to identify the pathogen's __________.

A)Antibodies
B)Histamines
C)Antigens
D)Cytokines
E)Interferons

Question 36

Immunization involves inserting foreign antibodies into a person to stimulate a mild immune response.

Question 37

Which of the following is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)Platelets
D)Red blood cells
E)Complement cells

Question 38

Any disease-causing agent,either virus or bacteria,is a(n):

A)Antibody
B)Vaccine
C)Thrombin
D)Allergen
E)Pathogen

Question 39

Antigens produced by pathogens are _____ antigens;those produced by the body are _____ antigens.

A)foreign,self
B)antibody,lymphatic
C)self,foreign
D)active,passive
E)innate,adaptive

Question 40

Which of the following is not a result of inflammation?

A)Warmth
B)Redness
C)Pain
D)Coolness
E)Swelling

Question 41

The antibody titer in the primary response is much greater than that of the secondary response.

Question 42

What information can a physician obtain from an antibody titer?

A)The amount of antibody present in a sample of plasma
B)The amount of antibody present in a sample of lymph fluid
C)The number and type of white blood cells in the plasma
D)The type of infection the individual is fighting
E)The individuals compatibility for a tissue transplant

Question 43

______________ are produced by white blood cells which act to stimulate other white blood cells.

A)Immunoglobulins
B)Histamines
C)Interferons
D)Interleukins
E)Complements

Question 44

A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies to the nuclei of the body's cells is

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)HIV/AIDS.
C)systemic lupus erythematosus.
D)myasthenia gravis.
E)rheumatic fever.

Question 45

A biologist is studying a cytokine produced by macrophages that have the ability to promote the inflammatory response and cause the death of cancer cells.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying:

A)Interleukin
B)Complement
C)Tumor necrosis factor
D)Histamine
E)Immunoglobulin

Question 46

Which of the following components are responsible for moving lymph from the lymph capillary to the lymph vessels?

A)The contraction of the skeletal muscles and the valves enable lymph to flow in one direction
B)The contraction of the smooth muscles and the valves enable lymph to flow in one direction
C)The contraction of the skeletal muscles and the veins that parallel the lymph vessels enable lymph to flow in one direction
D)The force of blood pressure at the capillary beds forces lymph to flow in one direction
E)Gravity helps lymph flow in one direction,moving away from the heart

Question 47

What is the correct order of the lymphatic system?

A)Lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic duct - subclavian vein
B)Lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic duct - subclavian artery
C)Lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic duct - lymphatic vessels - subclavian vein
D)Capillary beds - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic duct - subclavian vein
E)Lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic duct - superior vena cava

Question 48

During cell-to-cell combat between a cytotoxic T cell and a cancer cell,what substances are used to perforate the cancer cells membrane?

A)Granzymes
B)Perforins
C)Histamine
D)MHC antigens
E)Tumor necrosis factor

Question 49

Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disorder?

A)Allergies
B)Rheumatoid arthritis
C)Anaphylactic shock
D)HIV
E)Shingles

Question 50

What is the main reason that organ transplants are rejected?

A)Antibodies and cytotoxic T cells bring about the destruction of foreign tissues in the body
B)Antibodies and cytotoxic B cells bring about the destruction of foreign tissues in the body
C)Antibodies and helper T cells bring about the destruction of foreign tissues in the body
D)Antigens and cytotoxic T cells bring about the destruction of foreign tissues in the body
E)Antibodies and cytotoxic B cells prevent the binding of the grafted tissue to the old tissue

Question 51

A patient has recently had a kidney transplant but is experiencing rejection of the new kidney.What is most likely the cause of the rejection?

A)The patients T cells are attacking the new kidney because it has a different set of MHC antigens
B)The patients T cells are attacking the new kidney because it has the same set of MHC antigens
C)The patients original kidney had started taking over for the missing kidney and now doesn't need the transplant
D)The patient is experiencing an autoimmune disorder causing their body to reject the transplanted kidney
E)The kidney came from a female donor while the recipient is a male

Question 52

Which of the following is a reason why transplanted tissues and organs may be rejected by the host?

A)Host antibodies and cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign cytokines
B)Host antibodies and cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign histamines
C)Host antigens and plasma cells recognize foreign major histocompatibility complexes
D)Host antigens and plasma cells recognize foreign cytokines
E)Host antibodies and cytotoxic T cells recognize foreign major histocompatibility complexes

Question 53

If you were studying disorders that are classified by the failure of the immune system to distinguish between foreign tissue and the self-antigens which make up the bodies own tissue you would be studying which of the following?

A)Antibody-mediated disorders
B)Anaphylactic disorders
C)Autoimmune disorders
D)Monoclonal disorders
E)Self-antigen disorders

Question 54

Which statement about immunity is incorrect?

A)B-cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.
B)T cells do not recognize an antigen until it is presented to them by an antigen-presenting cell.
C)Some cytotoxic T cells become plasma cells.
D)T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
E)Memory B cells are the means by which long-term immunity is possiblE.

Question 55

A patient presented the following symptoms to the doctor: inflammation of his knees that includes pain and tenderness accompanied by a 30% decrease in the amount of cartilage surrounding the bones that make up the knee joint.Which disorder would you diagnose the patient as having?

A)Systemic lupus erythematosus
B)Rheumatoid arthritis
C)Myasthenia gravis
D)AIDS
E)These symptoms do not describe any of these disorders

Question 56

Which of the following is currently being studied as an adjunct therapy for cancer?

A)Plasma cells
B)Immunoglobulins
C)Eosinophils
D)Histamines
E)Cytokines

Question 57

The use of animal tissues or organs in humans is referred to as:

A)Major histocompatibility
B)Monoclonal transplants
C)Foreign antigen transplant
D)Xenotransplantation
E)Cell-mediated transplant