Deck 29: Locomotion and Support Systems

Question 1

A correct description of the movements of actin and myosin fibers is:

A)Binding with ATP shortens the muscle fiber;reverse binding elongates the fiber.
B)The energy from breaking down ATP to ADP + P is used to convert actin into myosin.
C)The calcium ions are used as energy to split ATP to shorten the fiber.
D)When ADP and P come off myosin,the crossbridges move the actin filaments to shorten the muscle fiber.
E)Actin filament heads break down ATP and then attach to a myosin filament to form cross-bridges.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Each myosin head has a binding site for ATP,and the heads have an enzyme that splits ATP into ADP and P .This activates the heads,making them ready to bind to actin.ADP and P remain on the myosin heads while the heads attach to actin,forming cross-bridges.Release of ADP and P causes the crossbridges to bend sharply.This is the power stroke that pulls the actin filaments toward the middle of the sarcomere.See figure 29.7B.

Question 2

If you were studying the bones of the axial skeleton which of the following would not be part of your studies?

A)The sternum
B)The vertebrae
C)The ribs
D)The clavicle
E)The skull

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The axial skeleton consists of the bones in the midline of the body,and the appendicular skeleton consists of the limb bones and their girdles.The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle,and thus does not belong to the axial skeleton.See Figure 29.3A.

Question 3

The knee is an example of a(n):

A)Immovable joint
B)Fibrous joint
C)Hinge joint
D)Cartilaginous joint
E)Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Hinge joints,such as the elbow and knee joints,largely permit movement up and down in one plane only,like a hinged door.See Figure 29.5B.

Question 4

Inflammation of the fluid filled sacs that normally ease friction between bone and overlapping muscles,or between skin and tendons,is referred to as bursitis.

Question 5

The joints found between vertebrae are classified as being:

A)Fibrous joints
B)Cartilaginous joints
C)Synovial joints
D)Hinge joints
E)Discoidal joints

Question 6

The crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage between the bones in the knee are called:

A)Ligaments
B)Tendons
C)Patellas
D)Bursae
E)Menisci

Question 7

If you were studying the type of skeleton found in an earthworm you would be studying which of the following?

A)An endoskeleton
B)A circular skeleton
C)An exoskeleton
D)A hydrostatic skeleton
E)A longitudinal skeleton

Question 8

In general,one muscle does most of the work moving a bone and is referred to as:

A)A myofibril
B)An antagonist
C)A motor unit
D)The prime mover
E)Rigor mortis

Question 9

If you were studying the neuromuscular transmitter that is released from the axon terminals you would be studying:

A)Lactic acid
B)Acetylcholine
C)Creatine phosphate
D)Calcium ions
E)ATP

Question 10

If you were studying the structures which connect bone to bone you would be studying which of the following?

A)Bursae
B)Ligaments
C)Cartilage
D)Tendons
E)Menisci

Question 11

A biologist is looking through a microscope at the many contractile units which make up a myofibril.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is looking at:

A)The sarcolemma
B)The sarcoplasmic reticulum
C)Sarcomeres
D)Actin filaments
E)The sarcoplasm

Question 12

If you were looking through a microscope at the tiny chambers where osteocytes are found you would be looking at:

A)Canaliculus
B)Osteons
C)Lacuna
D)Central canals
E)The medullary cavity

Question 13

At the base of the skull,the spinal cord passes upward through a large opening called the:

A)Vertebral column
B)Intervertebral opening
C)Synovial opening
D)Foramen magnum
E)Articular canal

Question 14

All the muscle fibers under the control of a single motor axon are referred to as:

A)A myofibril
B)The prime mover
C)A motor unit
D)The myosin
E)The sarcolemma

Question 15

Which of the following types of skeleton would be found in arthropods and molluscs?

A)An exoskeleton
B)A hydrostatic skeleton
C)An endoskeleton
D)A compound skeleton
E)A spongy skeleton

Question 16

A biologist is studying the condition in muscles when there is a sustained muscular contraction.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Tetanus
B)Relaxation
C)Summation
D)Fatigue
E)Latency

Question 17

If you were studying the tissue which connects muscle to bone you would be studying which of the following?

A)Ligaments
B)Cartilage
C)Epithelial tissue
D)Menisci
E)Tendons

Question 18

The pads of fibrocartilage between the vertebrae are referred to as:

A)Myosin disks
B)Intervertebral disks
C)Articular disks
D)Axial disks
E)Synovial disks

Question 19

Compare and contrast the three types of skeletons found among animals. )The type of skeleton analogous to a garden hose stiffening as it fills with water would be:

A)An exoskeleton
B)A hydrostatic skeleton
C)A spongy skeleton
D)An endoskeleton
E)A myosin skeleton

Question 20

The type of bone found in the ends of a long bone is:

A)Compact bone
B)Articular bone
C)Spongy bone
D)Medullary bone
E)Periosteum bone

Question 21

Which is not a correct association of bone structures and functions?

A)Growth plate-contributes to increase in bone length
B)Red bone marrow-source of blood cells
C)Osteons-tubular units of compact bone
D)Spongy bone-makes up the shaft of a long bone
E)Lacunae-tiny chambers in concentric circles around a central canal

Question 22

Bone-forming cells are termed:

A)Chondrocytes
B)Chondroclasts
C)Osteoclasts
D)Osteocytes
E)Osteoblasts

Question 23

Which of the following organisms have an endoskeleton?

A)Molluscs
B)Earthworms
C)Arthropods
D)Flatworms
E)Echinoderms

Question 24

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "d" represent?

A)The medullary cavity
B)The growth plate
C)The periosteum
D)Spongy bone
E)Compact bone

Question 25

The correct order of the vertebrae from top to bottom is:

A)Thoracic,lumbar,sacrum,cervical,coccyx
B)Cervical,lumbar,sacrum,thoracic,coccyx
C)Cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacrum,coccyx
D)Lumbar,sacrum,cervical,thoracic,coccyx
E)Sacrum,cervical,thoracic,lumbar,coccyx

Question 26

While running a marathon over the summer Kathy cramped up and collapsed at mile 23.She could not continue because her legs were so cramped.Which of the following is the best explanation for why she couldn't continue her race?

A)During the race her quadriceps required large amounts of ATP.In order to supply this energy,cellular respiration was performed,using oxygen to break down glucose.As her oxygen levels dropped her body shifted to the fermentation pathway in which the glucose was converted into lactate.It is the build up of lactate that led to her leg muscles fatiguing and cramping.
B)During the race her biceps brachii required large amounts of ATP.In order to supply this energy,cellular respiration was performed,using oxygen to break down glucose.As her oxygen levels dropped her body shifted to the fermentation pathway in which the glucose was converted into lactate.It is the build up of lactate that led to her leg muscles fatiguing and cramping.
C)During the race her quadriceps required large amounts of ATP.In order to supply this energy,cellular respiration was performed,using oxygen to break down cellulose.As her oxygen levels dropped her body shifted to the fermentation pathway in which the glucose was converted into lactate.It is the build up of lactate that led to her leg muscles fatiguing and cramping.
D)During the race her quadriceps required large amounts of ADP.In order to supply this energy,cellular respiration was performed,breaking down glucose using carbon dioxide.As her oxygen levels dropped her body shifted to the fermentation pathway in which the glucose was converted into lactate.It is the build up of lactate that led to her leg muscles fatiguing and cramping.
E)During the race her pectoralis major required large amounts of ATP.In order to supply this energy,cellular respiration was performed,breaking down glucose using oxygen.As her oxygen levels dropped her body shifted to the fermentation pathway in which the glucose was converted into lactatE.It is the build up of lactate that led to her leg muscles fatiguing and cramping.

Question 27

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "a" represent?

A)The medullary cavity
B)The growth plate
C)The periosteum
D)Spongy bone
E)Compact bone

Question 28

Which organism is most likely going to have a hydrostatic skeleton?

A)grasshopper
B)nurse shark
C)Planaria
D)Raccoon
E)Oyster

Question 29

The material found within the spaces of spongy bone at the end of the humerus is called ____________.

A)Hyaline cartilage
B)Articular cartilage
C)Adipose tissue
D)Red bone marrow
E)Yellow bone marrow

Question 30

If you were studying the bones of the skull which of the following would not be included in your studies?

A)Frontal
B)Maxilla
C)Parietal
D)Temporal
E)Scapula

Question 31

Which of the following is not a bone found in the pectoral girdle?

A)The humerus
B)A tarsal
C)The scapula
D)Radius
E)The ulna

Question 32

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "c" represent?

A)The medullary cavity
B)The growth plate
C)The periosteum
D)Spongy bone
E)Compact bone

Question 33

Which of the following is not a direct function of the skeletal system in humans?

A)Locomotion
B)Protection
C)Reproduction
D)Immunity
E)Respiration

Question 34

Which of the following is not a correct association in the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs?

A)Fibula-lower leg
B)Phalanges-toes
C)Patella-knee cap
D)Coxal bones-hips
E)Tibia-upper leg

Question 35

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "b" represent?

A)The medullary cavity
B)The growth plate
C)The periosteum
D)Spongy bone
E)Compact bone

Question 36

If you were studying the only freely movable portion of the skull you would be studying which of the following?

A)The mandible
B)The zygomatic bone
C)The maxilla
D)The nasal
E)The mastoid

Question 37

Which of the following is not a correct association in the pectoral girdle and the upper limbs?

A)Humerus-upper arm
B)Ulna-lower arm
C)Carpals-bones of the palm
D)Scapula-shoulder blade
E)Phalanges-fingers

Question 38

If you were studying the bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs which of the following would not be involved in your studies?

A)The tibia
B)The femur
C)The coxal bones
D)The carpals
E)The patella

Question 39

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "e" represent?

A)The medullary cavity
B)The growth plate
C)The periosteum
D)Spongy bone
E)Compact bone

Question 40

Which of the following joints would be immovable?

A)A suture between two cranial bones
B)The joints between vertebrae
C)The pubic symphysis
D)The knee
E)The hip

Question 41

A feature common to both endoskeletons and exoskeletons is that they both assist in the digestion process.

Question 42

This visible borders of a sarcomere are referred to as the:

A)A bands
B)H zones
C)I bands
D)Z lines
E)M lines

Question 43

Which of the following is not a correct pairing of a muscle and location?

A)Biceps brachii-upper arm
B)Pectoralis major-chest
C)Deltoid-lower leg
D)Quadriceps femoris-upper leg
E)Latissimus dorsi-back

Question 44

Figure:
This figure shows the components of a muscle cell.What does "d" represent?

A)A sarcomere
B)The sarcoplasm
C)A myofibril
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)The sarcolemma

Question 45

Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity?

A)Oxygen
B)Carbon monoxide
C)Lactate
D)Actin
E)Myosin

Question 46

Which of the following structures is the smallest in diameter?

A)Myofibril
B)Sarcomere
C)Sarcolemma
D)Biceps femoris
E)Orbicularis oculi

Question 47

If an athlete has a pulled quadriceps group,which action would not be possible?

A)Straightening the leg at the knee
B)Moving the thigh towards the body
C)Straightening the wrist and hand
D)Turns the foot downward when standing on their toes
E)Raises and laterally rotates the thigh

Question 48

Which of the following is true about skeletal muscles?

A)They are found in and about internal organs
B)They work in antagonistic pairs
C)They get longer when they contract
D)They produce blood cells
E)They have the same origin and insertion point

Question 49

Which of the following structures are responsible for the contraction of muscle fibers?

A)Neuromuscular junction
B)Synaptic cleft
C)Neurotransmitter
D)Motor axons
E)All of these are necessary components to cause a muscle fiber to contract

Question 50

Figure:
This figure shows the components of a muscle cell.What does "c" represent?

A)A sarcomere
B)The sarcoplasm
C)A myofibril
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)The sarcolemma

Question 51

Figure:
This figure shows the components of a muscle cell.What does "b" represent?

A)A sarcomere
B)The sarcoplasm
C)A myofibril
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)The sarcolemma

Question 52

If the muscular system in your body was unable to function,which function of the skeletal system would not be compromised?

A)Locomotion of the body
B)Respiration
C)Digestion
D)Providing a framework for the body
E)Immunity

Question 53

In the absence of calcium,the binding sites on myosin will not be exposed.

Question 54

Figure:
This figure shows the components of a muscle cell.What does "a" represent?

A)A sarcomere
B)The sarcoplasm
C)A myofibril
D)The sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)The sarcolemma

Question 55

In contraction the:

A)Thin filaments become shorter
B)Thin filaments become longer
C)Thick filaments become shorter
D)Thick filaments become longer
E)None of these are true

Question 56

The source of energy for bonding between myosin and actin is:

A)ATP
B)ADP
C)Creatine phosphate
D)Lactic acid
E)Glycogen

Question 57

Damage to the human rib cage would compromise which of the following skeletal system functions?

A)Protection of internal organs and respiration
B)Protection of internal organs and immunity
C)Respiration and digestion
D)Protection of internal organs and storage of calcium
E)Framework for the body and locomotion

Question 58

If you were studying the functions of skeletal muscle you would be studying all of the following except:

A)Production of blood cells
B)Stabilizing joints
C)Protecting internal organs
D)Helping maintain a constant body temperature
E)Movement