Deck 15: Speciation and Evolution

Question 1

Isolation mechanisms which occur after the formation of a zygote are called

A)gamete isolation mechanisms.
B)temporal isolation mechanisms.
C)postzygotic isolation mechanisms.
D)mechanical isolation mechanisms.
E)prezygotic isolation mechanisms.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Postzygotic (after the formation of a zygote)isolating mechanisms prevent hybrid offspring from developing or breeding,even if zygote formation has been achieved.

Question 2

A study of the concept of one species splitting into two or more new species would concern what?

A)polyploidy
B)speciation
C)prezygotic isolation
D)postzygotic isolation
E)alloploidy

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Speciation is the splitting of one species into two or more species,or the transformation of one species into a new species over time.

Question 3

When two closely related but separate species are crossed,their offspring are usually

A)more fit than the two parent species.
B)haploid.
C)prezygotiC.
D)sterile.
E)postzygotic.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Hybrids are usually sterile.

Question 4

When two species live in the same area but are active at different times of the day or year it is referred to as

A)genetic isolation.
B)mechanical isolation.
C)behavioral isolation.
D)habitat isolation.
E)temporal isolation.

Question 5

If you were studying postzygotic isolation mechanisms,which of the following would you be studying?

A)mechanical isolation
B)temporal isolation
C)behavioral isolation
D)habitat isolation
E)hybrid sterility

Question 6

When animal genitalia or plant floral structures are incompatible between species it is referred to as

A)genetic isolation.
B)mechanical isolation.
C)behavioral isolation.
D)habitat isolation.
E)temporal isolation.

Question 7

A study of how different courtship patterns lead to reproductive isolation is a study of what?

A)habitat isolation
B)mechanical isolation
C)gamete isolation
D)behavioral isolation
E)temporal isolation

Question 8

The species concept which recognizes that every species has its own evolutionary history is referred to as

A)the biological species concept.
B)the reproductive species concept.
C)the adaptive species concept.
D)the evolutionary species concept.
E)the prezygotic species concept.

Question 9

The result of breeding two closely related species is referred to as

A)an alloploid.
B)a polyploid.
C)a hybrid.
D)an autoploiD.
E)a sub-species.

Question 10

In some rare cases,mules are fertile,but their offspring are infertile.This is an example of reproductive isolation due to

A)F₂ fitness.
B)hybrid sterility.
C)zygote mortality.
D)mechanical isolation.
E)temporal isolation.

Question 11

Figure:
This figure shows various reproductive barriers which prevent the interbreeding of different species.What does "e" represent?

A)gamete isolation
B)temporal isolation
C)hybrid sterility
D)postzygotic isolation mechanisms
E)prezygotic isolation mechanisms

Question 12

According to the biological species concept,which of the following is true?

A)It relies on traits to define a species.
B)It recognizes that every species has an evolutionary history.
C)It can only be applied to prokaryotes.
D)It can only be applied to asexually reproducing species.
E)It relies primarily on reproductive isolation.

Question 13

Figure:
This figure shows various reproductive barriers which prevent the interbreeding of different species.What does "c" represent?

A)gamete isolation
B)temporal isolation
C)hybrid sterility
D)postzygotic isolation mechanisms
E)prezygotic isolation mechanisms

Question 14

Figure:
This figure shows various reproductive barriers which prevent the interbreeding of different species.What does "d" represent?

A)gamete isolation
B)temporal isolation
C)hybrid sterility
D)postzygotic isolation mechanisms
E)prezygotic isolation mechanisms

Question 15

Figure:
This figure shows various reproductive barriers which prevent the interbreeding of different species.What does "b" represent?

A)gamete isolation
B)temporal isolation
C)hybrid sterility
D)postzygotic isolation mechanisms
E)prezygotic isolation mechanisms

Question 16

The model of speciation that requires some time with geographic barriers between two populations allowing evolution of reproductive isolation is

A)allopatric speciation.
B)habitat speciation.
C)sympatric speciation.
D)temporal speciation.
E)behavioral speciation.

Question 17

You are studying two different species of salamanders which are separated by a hot and dry valley,and fossil evidence indicates that these two species share a common ancestor.Based on this information you could conclude that these two species evolved due to

A)sympatric speciation.
B)adaptive speciation.
C)artificial speciation.
D)allopatric speciation.
E)temporal speciation.

Question 18

The process which prevents a zygote from forming is known by what term?

A)postzygotic isolation mechanisms
B)zygote mortality
C)prezygotic isolation mechanisms
D)hybrid sterility
E)zygote apoptosis

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the evolutionary species concept?

A)It can be used to determine if two species are reproductively isolated.
B)It can be applied to both asexually and sexually reproducing species.
C)It can only be used to study prokaryotes.
D)It can only be used to study living organisms.
E)It can be used to determine traits such as size differences between males and females.

Question 20

The evolution of bacteria would best be described by

A)the biological species concept.
B)prezygotic isolation mechanisms.
C)the evolutionary species concept.
D)postzygotic isolation mechanisms.
E)sympatric speciation.

Question 21

When two different but related species of plants hybridize,this can produce a condition referred to as

A)symploidy.
B)gametoploidy.
C)autoploidy.
D)alloploidy.
E)zygoploidy.

Question 22

Which of the following speciation models do you think Charles Darwin would have supported?

A)sympatric model
B)allopatric model
C)punctuated equilibrium model
D)microevolution model
E)gradualistic model

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

A)the evolution of the whale
B)the breeding of mice
C)the origin of elephants
D)the evolution of different species of Hawaiian honey creepers
E)the cultivation of different types of corn

Question 24

Which of the following genes is important in the development of limb buds?

A)Tbx5
B)Evo9
C)Pax6
D)Hox
E)Pax2

Question 25

The model of speciation that states evolution has long periods of no change followed by brief periods of rapid change is referred to as the

A)sympatric model.
B)allopatric model.
C)punctuated equilibrium model.
D)microevolution model.
E)gradualistic model.

Question 26

During the beginning stages of allopatric speciation

A)gene flow continues between subpopulations.
B)reproduction between the two species continues.
C)a geographic separation occurs between the subpopulations.
D)wide phenotypic differences appear between the subpopulations.
E)geographic isolation has not occurred.

Question 27

If you wanted to hunt for fossils in the famous Burgess Shale,you would have to travel to

A)Yellowstone National Park.
B)France.
C)Australia.
D)British Columbia.
E)New York StatE.

Question 28

A biologist is studying the condition where a diploid gamete fuses with a haploid gamete,best termed what?

A)haploploidy
B)polyploidy
C)symploidy
D)gametoploidy
E)autoploidy

Question 29

A biologist is studying the speciation of organisms without geographical barriers.That is

A)allopatric speciation.
B)microevolution.
C)sympatric speciation.
D)ecological speciation.
E)hybrid speciation.

Question 30

The punctuated equilibrium model of speciation predicts which of the following?

A)Few if any transitional species will be found in the fossil record.
B)Evolution proceeds slowly and gradually over time.
C)The environment has always changed slowly over time.
D)Species adapt gradually to changes throughout time.
E)Transitional species should be the most abundant fossils found.

Question 31

Modern corn is considered an allotetraploid,which means

A)the offspring contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent plant.
B)the offspring contain double the number of chromosomes as the parent plant.
C)a doubling of chromosomes has occurred during hybridization.
D)a halving of chromosomes during has occurred hybridization.
E)the number of chromosomes is highly variable from generation to generation.

Question 32

Which of these statements is true for something other than autoploidy?

A)It is how a clone is produced.
B)A diploid gamete fuses with a haploid gamete.
C)The result is triploid.
D)The offspring is sterile.
E)It occurs in plants.

Question 33

Which of the following types of organisms would be found in unusually great numbers in the Burgess Shale?

A)fish
B)soft-bodied invertebrates
C)dinosaurs
D)amphibians
E)mammals

Question 34

Which of the following statements about differential gene expression is true?

A)It would leave unchanged the size of a particular structure.
B)It might maintain the function of an organ.
C)It could identically color skin.
D)It might change leg length between species.
E)It might cause a species to grow as long as another.

Question 35

A condition where the number of chromosomes is beyond diploid is referred to as

A)haploploidy.
B)polyploidy.
C)symploidy.
D)gametoploidy.
E)zygoploidy.

Question 36

A biologist is studying where a species lives and how it interacts with other species,which is a study of what?

A)a geographical niche
B)an allopatric niche
C)a sympatric niche
D)microevolution
E)an ecological niche

Question 37

Fossils from the Burgess Shale date back to approximately

A)50 million years ago.
B)130 million years ago.
C)320 million years ago.
D)410 million years ago.
E)540 million years ago.

Question 38

During the later stages of allopatric speciation

A)evolution ceases for a time.
B)reproductive isolation between the subpopulations occurs.
C)wide phenotypic differences disappear between subpopulations.
D)gene flow continues between the two populations.
E)reproduction continues between the two populations.

Question 39

What is thought to have killed the animals found in the Burgess Shale?

A)global warming
B)volcanic activity
C)a mud slide
D)fire
E)an ice age

Question 40

If you were a biologist studying the Pax6 gene in an organism,which of the following structures would you be studying?

A)the overall body shape
B)the eye
C)the pelvic fin
D)the vertebrae
E)the limbs

Question 41

Separate species of land snails forming in different Hawaiian canyons which each cannot climb out of is an example of sympatric speciation.

Question 42

The evolution of whales involved the loss of hind limbs.

Question 43

Suppose that two groups of humans became completely isolated from one another for a very long period of time due to a geographic barrier and that each group had very different environmental conditions with which to contend.What might be true?

A)Gene flow would occur between the two populations.
B)Speciation could occur,since the human species already exists.
C)The scenario described is an example of sympatric speciation.
D)The two populations would be subject to identical selective pressures.
E)If speciation occurred,reproductive isolation would necessarily end if the two species later inhabited the same area.

Question 44

The rate of speciation is generally uniform.

Question 45

Which of the following was important of the evolution of something other than the modern horse?

A)an increase in size
B)a decrease in the number of toes
C)a switch from meat eating to plants
D)a change in tooth size
E)a change in tooth shape

Question 46

If you were studying the gene which controls the number and appearance of repeating structures along the main body axes in vertebrates,you would be studying which of the following genes?

A)Tbx5
B)Evo9
C)Pax6
D)Hox
E)Pax2

Question 47

Two bird species could be temporally isolated by one's being nocturnal and the other's being diurnal.

Question 48

Some of these terms could be used with both natural and artificial selection,but which applies only to artificial selection?

A)adaptation
B)opportunistic
C)selective advantage
D)evolution
E)goal-directed

Question 49

Ligers are hybrids between lions and cheetahs.