Deck 13: Biotechnology and Genomics

Question 1

The bacterial vector used for manipulating DNA is called a

A)plasmid.
B)retrovirus.
C)protoplast.
D)virus.
E)chromosomE.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: One common vector to create rDNA is a plasmid,a small accessory ring of DNA found in bacteria.

Question 2

Which best describes transgenic organisms?

A)One resulting from laboratory research.
B)One which contains a foreign gene and is free-living in the environment.
C)One which acts as the donor for DNA to be moved into another organism.
D)One produced through polymerase chain reaction.
E)One produced by cloning a mutant cell.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Genes from a different species can be inserted into the eggs of animals.When these eggs are fertilized,the resulting offspring are transgenic animals.

Question 3

What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

A)cut DNA into many fragments
B)separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charge
C)carry DNA into a new cell
D)make millions of copies of specific segments of DNA
E)link together newly joined fragments of DNA

Answer 3

C
Explanation: To create rDNA,a technician needs a vector,by which the gene of interest will be introduced into a host cell,which is often a bacterium.

Question 4

Which of the following generally causes least concern about genetic engineering?

A)environmental issues
B)financial issues
C)ethical issues
D)legal issues
E)population issues

Question 5

How was the cloning of Dolly the sheep first performed?

A)An adult nucleus was inserted into an enucleated egg cell.
B)An egg nucleus was inserted into a sperm cell.
C)A sperm and egg nucleus was inserted into an enucleated egg cell.
D)An egg nucleus was inserted into an enucleated adult cell.
E)A sperm nucleus was inserted into an enucleated egg cell.

Question 6

To avoid some of the legal and ethical concerns about using embryonic stem cells,scientists are trying to use _______ to accomplish the desired result.

A)adult stem cells
B)morphogenic stem cells
C)operator stem cells
D)skin stem cells
E)brain stem cells

Question 7

Figure:
This figure shows how a human gene can be cloned.What does "E" represent?

A)Bacterium takes up a recombinant plasmid.
B)DNA ligase seals the gene into place.
C)Restriction enzyme cleaves DNA.
D)Gene cloning occurs.
E)Bacterium makes a protein.

Question 8

Which of the following is a reason why the genetic modification and the transfer of genes between organisms can occur?

A)All species produce the same proteins.
B)All species share many similar genes and proteins.
C)Different species of organisms freely swap genetic information.
D)All species are genetically the same.
E)It is easy to genetically modify an organism.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of a genetic modification in a plant?

A)strawberries which are resistant to freezing
B)potatoes which are resistant to blight disease and beetles
C)strawberries which are resistant to freezing
D)corn that has a built in nitrogen fertilization
E)soybeans which make a desired fatty acid (oleic acid)

Question 10

Which of the following is least an obstacle to cloning animals?

A)It increases the genetic variability of a species.
B)Mutation rate is higher in clones.
C)There are ethical concerns associated with it.
D)It is very expensive.
E)It has a high failure ratE.

Question 11

If you were working with DNA made by combining DNA from two different species,you would be working with

A)polymerase DNA.
B)combined DNA.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)plasmid DNA.
E)proteomic DNA.

Question 12

If you wanted to perform recombinant DNA experiments,which of the following would you need?

A)restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
B)RNA polymerase and DNA ligase
C)DNA polymerase and restriction enzymes
D)RNA polymerase and restriction enzymes
E)DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase

Question 13

Which of the following is least likely to be a benefit of cloning in animals?

A)increased knowledge of embryonic development
B)creation of hybrid species
C)increased knowledge of genetic information
D)saving endangered species
E)return of extinct species of organisms

Question 14

Making identical copies of the same gene is referred to as

A)proteome cloning
B)polymorphic cloning
C)genome cloning
D)gene cloning
E)plasmid cloning

Question 15

What is the function of a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering?

A)make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
B)carry DNA into a new cell
C)link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D)cut DNA into many fragments
E)separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charge

Question 16

Figure:
This figure shows how a human gene can be cloned.What does "A" represent?

A)Restriction enzyme cleaves DNA.
B)Bacterium take up recombinant plasmid.
C)DNA ligase seals the gene into place.
D)Bacterium makes a protein.
E)Gene cloning occurs.

Question 17

Figure:
This figure shows how a human gene can be cloned.What does "B" represent?

A)Bacterium makes a protein.
B)Restriction enzyme cleaves DNA.
C)Bacterium takes up a plasmid.
D)DNA ligase seals the gene into place.
E)Gene cloning occurs.

Question 18

It is possible to take some specific cells from a plant and through various steps produce a whole new plant because what is true?

A)Plants are very simple organisms.
B)All plant cell types are the same.
C)The DNA of plants is very simple.
D)The nucleus of each cell contains all of the genes needed to produce a plant.
E)Plant cells can exchange genetic information.

Question 19

Which process produces individuals which are exactly the same as the original?

A)therapeutic cloning
B)reproductive cloning
C)homeotic cloning
D)totipotent cloning
E)nucleosome cloning

Question 20

What is the function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

A)cut DNA into many fragments
B)carry DNA into a new cell
C)link cut pieces of DNA
D)make millions of copies of specific segments of DNA
E)separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charge

Question 21

The manipulation of a person's gene(s)is also called

A)gene therapy.
B)gene cloning.
C)gene injection.
D)xenotransplantation.
E)gene doubling.

Question 22

In general,people tend to think that genetically modified food is safe and will have no long-term health effects.

Question 23

Xenotransplants

A)are animal or plant clones.
B)involve the injection of viruses into humans.
C)involve the replacement of whole sets of chromosomes in humans.
D)involve the injection of plasmids into humans.
E)use animal organs for transplants.

Question 24

Which of the following would not be a trait that genetic engineers would want to put into plants?

A)increased resistance to disease
B)increased resistance to insects
C)decreased tolerance of salt in the soil
D)decreased amount of water needed to grow
E)increased resistance to herbicides

Question 25

What is the main use of the transgenic mice created in the past decade?

A)producing tissue for transplantation.
B)scientific and medical research.
C)producing human growth hormones.
D)producing cures for human diseases.
E)feeding transgenic cats.

Question 26

Figure:
This figure shows the procedure for making clones to produce human growth hormone.What does "A" represent?

A)development within host goat
B)transgenic goat producing human growth hormone
C)cloned transgenic goats producing human growth hormone
D)development within goats
E)microinjection of a human gene

Question 27

Which of the following is false about in vivo gene therapy?

A)A gene is delivered directly into the body.
B)A virus or liposome are used to deliver the gene.
C)Cells or tissues are removed from the body,given the new gene,and then returned to the body.
D)Cystic fibrous is treated with this methoD.
E)This type of gene therapy has very limited success.

Question 28

A new technique puts animal eggs and DNA together in an agitator with tiny silicon-carbide needles.After fertilization of these treated eggs,what would be produced?

A)microinjected animals
B)therapeutically cloned animals
C)transgenic animals
D)reproductively cloned animals
E)xenotransplanted animals

Question 29

Figure:
This figure shows the procedure for making clones to produce human growth hormone.What does "E" represent?

A)goat egg transfer
B)development within goats
C)transgene expression in a goat
D)cloned transgenic goats producing human growth hormone
E)development within host goat

Question 30

In clinical trials of cystic fibrosis patients,liposomes or viruses are used to carry the needed gene directly into the nose and lung cells.What type of treatment is this?

A)xenotransplantation gene therapy
B)ex vivo gene therapy
C)translational gene therapy
D)in vivo gene therapy
E)transcriptional gene therapy

Question 31

What is gene pharming?

A)The production of insecticides by plants.
B)The production of pesticides by animals.
C)The production of pesticides by plants.
D)The production of pharmaceuticals by animals.
E)The production of insecticides by animals.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a biotechnology product which is produced by bacteria for human medical use?

A)Human growth hormone
B)Hepatitis B vaccine
C)Insulin
D)Clotting factor VIII
E)Pesticides

Question 33

For treating children with familial hypercholesterolemia,a piece of the liver is surgically removed from the patient.A virus with the normal needed gene is used to infect the liver.Then the liver is replaced back into the patient.What type of treatment is this called?

A)germline gene therapy.
B)functional gene therapy.
C)subdermal gene therapy
D)ex vivo gene therapy.
E)xenotransplantation gene therapy.

Question 34

In a new treatment of skin cancer,viruses are used to deliver the p53 gene directly into cancer cells,which then causes apoptosis of these infected cells.What type of treatment is this?.

A)in vivo gene therapy.
B)translational gene therapy.
C)xenotransplantation gene therapy.
D)ex vivo gene therapy.
E)transcriptional gene therapy.

Question 35

Which of the following food product has yet to be improved by the use of biotechnology?

A)cheese made with chymosin that used to be collected from calf stomach cells
B)ice cream made with anti-freeze protein from ocean fish
C)bananas containing hepatitis B vaccine
D)NutraSweet produced with the help of bacteria
E)strawberries coated with bacteria that cause ice crystals to form

Question 36

Which technique would a biologist use to insert genes into eggs by hand?

A)DNA ligase insertion
B)vortex mixing
C)polymerase chain reaction
D)restriction enzyme insertion
E)microinjection

Question 37

A doctor studying in the field of gene therapy has removed tissue from the patient,inserted normal genes into the tissue and then reinserted the tissue back into the patient's body,in an example of

A)xenotransplantation gene therapy.
B)ex vivo gene therapy.
C)vectored gene therapy.
D)translational gene therapy.
E)transcriptional gene therapy.

Question 38

Figure:
This figure shows the procedure for making clones to produce human growth hormone.What does "C" represent?

A)development within host goat
B)development within goats
C)transgenic goat producing human growth hormone
D)cloned transgenic goats producing human growth hormone
E)microinjection of a human gene

Question 39

Gene therapy is when a foreign gene is inserted into the genome of an extinct organism to bring it back to life.

Question 40

Transgenic ____________ are used to help clean up beaches after a massive oil spill.

A)bacteria
B)plants
C)animals
D)humans
E)viruses

Question 41

What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?

A)determine the number of genes in a human cell
B)determine the number of proteins in a human cell
C)determine the nucleotide sequence of all DNA in a human cell
D)determine the number of nucleotide differences between humans of different ethnic groups
E)determine the amino acid sequence of all proteins in a human cell

Question 42

Which noncoding DNA are found in between the exons of genes,and may serve as regulators of gene expression?

A)transposons
B)tandem repeated DNA
C)introns
D)repetitive DNA
E)interspersed repeats

Question 43

If you were studying functional genomics,you would be most interested in

A)the application of computer technologies to study human proteins.
B)the role of the genome in cells or organisms.
C)the evolution of a species and how genes and noncoding regions function.
D)the structure,function,and interactions of noncoding genes.
E)the application of computer technologies to study the genomE.

Question 44

What is the estimated number of protein-coding genes found in the human genome?

A)100,000
B)1,000
C)1,000,000
D)25,000
E)46

Question 45

Whose DNA was used for the Human Genome Project?

A)males from Asia and the Americas
B)females from North and South America
C)males and females from Europe,Africa,Asia,Americas
D)males from Europe and Africa
E)males from Europe,Africa,Asia,the Americas

Question 46

If a scientist wanted to determine which genes are being expressed in a cell of a specific tissue at a specific time,what technology would she use?

A)restriction digest
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)thermocycling
D)DNA microarray
E)DNA sequencing

Question 47

The goal of comparative genomics is

A)the determination of how species are related.
B)the structure,function,and interactions of cellular proteins.
C)the structure,function,and interactions of genes.
D)the application of computer technologies to study the genome.
E)the application of computer technologies to study human proteins.

Question 48

How much coding DNA is found in the human genome?

A)72%
B)28%
C)2%
D)9%
E)98%

Question 49

What is studied in bioinformatics?

A)the evolution of a species and how genes and noncoding regions function
B)the structure,function,and interactions of genes
C)the application of computer technologies to study human proteins
D)the application of computer technologies to study the genome
E)the structure,function,and interactions of cellular proteins

Question 50

The human proteome is the complete collection of proteins that humans produce.

Question 51

What automated laboratory equipment was needed for the Human Genome Project?

A)thermocycler to perform PCR and high-speed DNA sequencer
B)high-speed DNA sequencer
C)gene pharming machine and gel electrophoresis
D)thermocycler to perform PCR
E)bacterial enzymes for restriction digest and plasmids for recombinant DNA

Question 52

Which repetitive DNA is a standard for DNA fingerprinting analysis of criminal cases?

A)short tandem repeats
B)introns
C)tranpsosons
D)interspersed repeats
E)unique nondoing DNA