Deck 10: Patterns of Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

Genetic crosses which involve two traits are referred to as phenotypic crosses.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Genetics crosses are called dihybrid crosses when they are examining two traits.

Question 2

Figure:
Use the following figure to answer question.
This figure shows a dihybrid cross.What does "a" represent?

A)TTgg
B)TTGG
C)ttgG
D)ttgg
E)ttGg

Answer 2

B
Explanation: See Figure 10.03 and associated text.

Question 3

If a biologist wanted to manually cross-fertilize two pea plants,which of the following steps must be taken?

A)transfer pollen from one plant to the other
B)transfer a pea from one plant to the other
C)transfer the egg from one plant to the other
D)transfer the stigma from one plant to the other
E)transfer the ovule from one plant to the other

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Pea plants normally self-fertilize,but they can be cross-pollinated by an experimenter who manually transfers pollen from an anther of one plant to the carpel of another plant.

Question 4

When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait we would refer to this condition as:

A)phenotype
B)genotype
C)homozygous
D)gene locus
E)heterozygous

Question 5

What are alleles?

A)genes for different traits,such as hair color and eye color
B)dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes
C)recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes
D)locations of genes on chromosomes
E)alternative forms of a gene for a single trait,such as blue eyes and brown eyes

Question 6

If pairs of factors separate independently of other pairs of factors,you are dealing with the

A)law of independent assortment
B)law of codominance
C)law of dominance
D)law of segregation
E)law of multiple alleles

Question 7

Mendel's law of segregation implies that the two members of an allelic pair

A)are segregated pair wise.
B)are distributed to the same gamete.
C)are distributed to separate gametes.
D)are always code for the identical trait or feature.
E)are assorted dependently.

Question 8

Which of the following terms would be used for an allele which can mask the expression of another allele?

A)phenotype
B)locus
C)dominant
D)recessive
E)genotype

Question 9

In humans,brown eyes (B)are dominant over blue eyes (b).If a homozygous brown-eyed woman mates with a homozygous blue-eyed man,what would be the chances of producing a blue-eyed child?

A)100%
B)50%
C)0%
D)25%
E)75%

Question 10

Which of the following terms is represented by word descriptions,such as brown or tall?

A)phenotype
B)homozygous
C)allele
D)genotype
E)dominance

Question 11

A woman who can roll her tongue (presumably dominant)is married to a man who cannot.Two of their four children can roll their tongues and two cannot.What is the genotype of the parents?

A)woman AA,man aa
B)woman Aa,man Aa
C)woman Aa,man AA
D)woman aa,man aa
E)woman Aa,man aa

Question 12

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross,which generation is always completely heterozygous.

A)F3
B)P
C)F2
D)P2
E)F1

Question 13

If an organism shows a recessive phenotype,such as short pea plants,it can be

A)either TT or Tt.
B)only tt.
C)either TT or tt.
D)only TT.
E)only Tt.

Question 14

In humans,brown eyes (B)are dominant over blue eyes (b).A brown-eyed woman who has a blue-eyed child would have the genotype

A)Bb.
B)BBB.
C)BbBb.
D)bb.
E)BB.

Question 15

Figure:
Use the following figure to answer question.
This figure shows a dihybrid cross.What does "e" represent?

A)ttgg
B)TtgG
C)TtGg
D)TTGG
E)TTgg

Question 16

If a genotype of an organism is YySsTt,then what does yST represent?

A)a possible phenotype of the offspring
B)a possible zygote
C)the P-generation
D)the genotype of the offspring
E)a possible gamete of the parent

Question 17

When an organism has two different alleles for a particular trait,which term best describes this condition?

A)gene locus
B)genotype
C)heterozygous
D)homozygous
E)phenotype

Question 18

Because genes close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together,they are said to form a

A)pleiotropic association.
B)linkage group.
C)genotype association.
D)gene locus.
E)polygenic group.

Question 19

Which of the following would be an addition to Mendel's Law of segregation?

A)One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual
B)Factors separate from each other during gamete formation
C)Each gamete contains one copy of each factor
D)Fertilization restores the presence of two factors
E)Each individual contains two factors for each trait

Question 20

In which kind of cross would you expect to find a ratio of 3:1 among the F2 offspring?

A)monohybrid cross
B)genotypic cross
C)phenotypic cross
D)test cross
E)dihybrid cross

Question 21

Figure:
Use the following figure to answer question.
This figure shows a dihybrid cross.What does "c" represent?

A)short plant,yellow pod
B)tall plant,yellow pod
C)tall plant,green pod
D)short plant,green pod
E)short plant,purple pod

Question 22

Both parents are heterozygous for the autosomal recessive Tay-Sachs disease.If three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease,what are the chances that the next child will have Tay-Sachs disease?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%
E)0%

Question 23

Which of the following disorders is characterized by thick,viscous mucus production in the lungs and digestive tract?

A)Sickle-cell disease
B)Huntington disease
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)PKU
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 24

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree.What is the genotype of the mother in this pedigree?

A)could be homozygous recessive or heterozygous
B)heterozygous only
C)homozygous recessive only
D)homozygous dominant only
E)could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous

Question 25

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree.What is the genotype of the person indicated by a clear square?

A)homozygous recessive only
B)could be homozygous recessive or heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant only
D)could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous
E)heterozygous only

Question 26

A doctor inserts a long needle into the uterus and removes some fluid to perform a genetic test.Which of the following procedures did the doctor perform?

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villi sampling
C)phenotype analysis
D)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
E)testcross

Question 27

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree.What is the genotype of the youngest members of the family (bottom row)?

A)could be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous
B)homozygous dominant
C)could be either homozygous recessive or heterozygous
D)homozygous recessive
E)heterozygous

Question 28

A testcross occurs when an individual with the _____________ is crossed with an individual having the ______________.

A)homozygous dominant,heterozygous recessive
B)dominant phenotype,dominant phenotype
C)dominant phenotype,recessive phenotype
D)heterozygous dominant,homozygous recessive
E)homozygous recessive,homozygous recessive

Question 29

In guinea pigs,B = black,b = brown,S = short hair,s = long hair.What would be the expected results if a BbSs mated with a BbSs?

A)9 black short hair,6 black long hair,3 brown long hair,1 black short hair
B)9 black short hair,3 black long hair,3 brown short hair,1 brown long hair
C)9 black long hair,3 black short hair,3 brown long hair,1 brown short hair
D)9 brown short hair,3 black long hair,3 brown long hair,1 brown short hair
E)6 black short hair,6 black long hair,2 brown short hair,2 brown long hair

Question 30

A plant with yellow flowers was crossed with a plant with red flowers.All of the numerous offspring had red flowers.What does this show about the genotype of the parental plant with yellow flowers?

A)It is homozygous dominant.
B)It is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
C)It is heterozygous dominant.
D)It is homozygous recessive or heterozygous.
E)It is homozygous recessivE.

Question 31

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree.Based on the information presented in this figure,what type of disorder would this be?

A)codominant
B)autosomal dominant
C)incomplete dominant
D)autosomal recessive
E)polygenic

Question 32

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree.Based on the information presented in this figure,what type of disorder would this be?

A)autosomal dominant
B)incomplete dominance
C)due to multiple alleles
D)autosomal recessive
E)codominant

Question 33

Which of the following disorders is characterized by benign tumors made up of nerve cells and may include skeletal deformities?

A)PKU
B)Huntington disease
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Neurofibromatosis
E)Achondroplasia

Question 34

The four o'clock flower is an example of incomplete dominance.R = red,r = white,and Rr = pink.If two hybrids are crossed,what are the chances that an offspring will have pink flowers?

A)0%
B)25%
C)75%
D)100%
E)50%

Question 35

Figure:
This figure shows a human pedigree with two females (in third generation)with breast cancer.What is the genotype of their father?

A)could be either homozygous recessive or heterozygous
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)homozygous recessive
E)could be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous

Question 36

In a recessive disorder,individuals who have that recessive allele but not the disorder are referred to as

A)autosomal
B)codominant
C)phenotypes
D)genotypes
E)carriers

Question 37

Which of the following disorders is caused by individuals lacking an enzyme which is needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine,and if not treated with a proper diet avoiding phenylalanine,severe mental retardation occurs?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)PKU
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Huntington disease
E)Sickle-cell disease

Question 38

Assume freckles and dimples are dominant traits.Two individuals with freckles and dimples have a child with no freckles and no dimples.What are the genotypes of the parents?

A)Fd Fd x Fd Fd
B)Ff dd x FF DD
C)Ff Dd x Ff Dd
D)Ff dd x ff dd
E)FF DD x ff dd

Question 39

If your mother is homozygous recessive and your father is heterozygous for the autosomal dominant Huntington disease,what are your chances of escaping the disease?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%
E)75%

Question 40

This figure shows a human pedigree.Based on the information presented in this figure,what type of disorder would this be?

A)due to multiple alleles
B)codominant
C)autosomal recessive
D)autosomal dominant
E)incomplete dominance

Question 41

What is a trait that is controlled by a combination of genes plus environmental influences?

A)a polygenic phenomenon
B)a mutifactorial trait.
C)a polygenic trait
D)a phenotypic trait.
E)a codominant trait.

Question 42

Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle-cell disease have an increased resistance to the protozoan which causes malaria.

Question 43

Human colorblindness is sex-linked.

Question 44

If you were studying the phenomena of one gene having more than one effect,you would be studying which of the following?

A)gene linkage
B)codominance
C)incomplete dominance
D)genotype dominance
E)pleiotropy

Question 45

Which of the following symptoms might be found in a patient with Marfan syndrome but would not be useful for diagnosing that genetic disease?

A)an inability to clot blood
B)poor eyesight
C)disproportionately long arms and legs
D)a weakened aorta
E)disproportionately long hands and feet

Question 46

When two or more sets of alleles affect the same trait,it is referred to as

A)codominant.
B)a double-trait cross.
C)polygenic inheritance.
D)polygenic dominance.
E)a single-trait cross.

Question 47

Which of the following was a contribution Thomas Hunt Morgan made to genetics?

A)He discovered the law of independent assortment.
B)He showed that genes are in a particular order along the chromosome.
C)He discovered the law of segregation.
D)He discovered polygenic inheritance.
E)He showed how X-linked disorders are inherited.

Question 48

When two different dominant alleles are both fully expressed in the phenotype,it is referred to as

A)incomplete dominance.
B)codominance.
C)genotype dominance.
D)polygenic dominance.
E)pleiotropic dominancE.

Question 49

If a woman is a carrier for the X-linked recessive colorblindness and her husband is normal,what are their chances that a son will be colorblind?

A)25%,since the mother is a carrier
B)100% because the mother has the gene
C)50%,since the mother is a carrier
D)None,since the father is normal
E)None,since he will be also a carrier

Question 50

When a trait has more than two different forms,the gene has

A)inbreeding
B)pleiotropic effects
C)incomplete dominance
D)phenotypic effects
E)multiple alleles