Deck 2: Communication and Identity: Creating and Presenting the Self

Question 1

Reflected appraisal means that you reflect on your communication skills and make adjustments to improve your skills.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Other-imposed prophecies have little influence on most people.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to your text, the self-concept is influenced by significant others from both the past and present.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The image you try to show to others is called the perceived self.

Question 5

People with high self-esteem perform poorly when being watched.

Question 6

Margaret's professor keeps telling Margaret how smart she is. Margaret feels confident about her upcoming test, based on what her professor is saying and based on her experience doing well on tests. She studies hard for her Interpersonal Communications test and gets an A! Margaret continues to believe that she is smart. This is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 7

Nonverbal behaviours play a big role in managing impressions.

Question 8

Canada's changing self-concept is due to a steady population growth of visible minority immigrants.

Question 9

Ken doesn't like himself and he believes that others don't like them either. Ken has low self-esteem.

Question 10

The process of impression management can result in dishonest behaviour.

Question 11

Managers make employees less productive by communicating high expectations.

Question 12

It is possible to have a more favourable image of yourself than the objective facts or the opinions of others warrant.

Question 13

Although those around us play a large part in helping us shape our self-concept when we are children, others have little effect on our self-concept once we reach adolescence.

Question 14

Katie is a new student in a new school. Katie wants to sign up for the volleyball team even though she hasn't played volleyball before. The coach tells her not to bother because she is short; he says that short girls don't do well at volleyball. After that experience, even though she never played volleyball, Katie tells people that she isn't good at volleyball. This is an example of other-imposed prophecy.

Question 15

The tendency to cling to an outmoded self-perception holds only when the new image would be less favourable than the old one.

Question 16

You are unlikely to reveal all of the perceived self to another person.

Question 17

The self-concept begins to develop sometime between the ages of two and four years.

Question 18

According to your text, the self-concept is shaped by communication.

Question 19

If you are trying to change your self-concept, being perfect is a good way to make positive change.

Question 20

We use identity management to create many identities.

Question 21

People with high self-esteem can handle all conflicts productively.

Question 22

Identity management involves deciding which part of yourself to hide.

Question 23

Steve, a transgender man, feels he must hide the fact that he is trans in his workplace. This is common for many transgendered people.

Question 24

Most Western cultures have what is called a collective identity.

Question 25

Our concept of self is shaped partly by the culture in which we have been reared.

Question 26

You shouldn't listen to the "boosters" and "busters" others give you since your self-concept is only your view of yourself.

Question 27

According to the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy, we cannot become what we believe about ourselves.

Question 28

Employees with high self-esteem make better employees overall.

Question 29

In many cases a self-concept is based on data which may have been true at one time, but are now obsolete.

Question 30

Jennifer thinks that most people like her and Jennifer likes most people that she meets. Jennifer has high self-esteem.

Question 31

Both verbal and nonverbal messages contribute to a developing self-concept.

Question 32

Your personality remains stable over your lifetime.

Question 33

Communication from others does not affect our self-concept.

Question 34

The self-concept is strongly resistant to change.

Question 35

Bruce thinks he is bad at public speaking. He has a presentation coming up and he keeps telling himself that he will mess it up. During the presentation he fumbles over his words, reads his cue cards, and speaks with a low voice. As a result, he did not receive positive feedback on his presentation. This is an example of self-imposed prophecy.

Question 36

The self-concept is a relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.

Question 37

The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honesty is called the presenting self.

Question 38

Melissa spends a lot of time looking at models and often feels that her body is inadequate. Melissa is engaged in social comparison.

Question 39

The self-concept is extremely subjective, being heavily influenced by interaction with others.

Question 40

We use identity management to create our one identity.

Question 41

Which personality traits does biology account for?

A)antagonistic, agreeable, stable, neurotic, extroversion
B)extroversion, shyness, assertiveness, verbal aggression, overall willingness to communicate
C)high self-esteem, strong self-concept, intelligence, energy levels
D)friendly, polite, calm, sense of humor, happiness

Question 42

What are reference groups?

A)people whose self-concepts we have influenced
B)people whose self-esteem has been diminished
C)groups against which we compare ourselves, thereby influencing our self-concept and self-esteem
D)people who meet with others to improve self-esteem

Question 43

What is a common behaviour in people who have low self-esteem?

A)They have trouble criticizing others.
B)They expect to be rejected by others.
C)They are likely to approve of others in order to be accepted.
D)They perform well when being watched because they fear disapproval.

Question 44

What is common in collectivistic cultures?

A)self-sufficiency
B)high value on change
C)high value on equality
D)connection with family

Question 45

Which example describes distorted feedback?

A)Pete believes that he is amazing at everything.This is what his parents have told him.
B)Pete believes that he is great at some things but there are things he could work on improving.
C)Pete tells his colleague that she did a fantastic job on a project.
D)Pete tells his colleague that the work she did on a project could be improved.

Question 46

What concept would being promoted to a more responsible job, being blamed by a friend for starting fights, and having your birthday forgotten contribute to?

A)defensiveness
B)self-concept
C)self-monitoring
D)social comparison

Question 47

Nadine is a new professor and she wants her students to feel as though they can come to her if they have problems. Nadine is very friendly, shares some appropriate personal information about herself, remembers all her students' names, and remembers things about them such as their birthday or other events they have in their lives. What strategy is Nadine using to manage her identity?

A)appearance
B)manner
C)posture
D)setting

Question 48

Lori cares deeply about what her professor thinks of her and wants her professor to have a good opinion of her. Which description best describes Lori's professor?

A)a person who has high self-esteem
B)a generalized other
C)a person capable of reflective appraisal
D)a significant other

Question 49

Behaviours like tone of voice and touch can contribute to the development of the self-concept.

Question 50

Which statement best describes people with high self-esteem?

A)They work harder for undemanding, less critical people.
B)They are likely to disapprove of others.
C)They perform well when being watched.
D)They have difficulty defending themselves against other's negative comments.

Question 51

More recently, how has research suggested that personality is best described?

A)It is biological.
B)It is stable.
C)It is shaped by experiences.
D)It is predetermined.

Question 52

What is the best advice for someone to follow if they want to feel more self-confident when meeting new people?

A)Change your significant others.
B)Reduce your focus on self-concept change.
C)Disregard obsolete or inaccurate feedback.
D)Compare yourself to a superior reference group.

Question 53

Which of the following best defines social comparison?

A)A person who's opinion is important enough to affect one's self-concept strongly.
B)Evaluating ourselves in terms of how we compare with others.
C)Groups against which we compare ourselves, thereby influencing our self-concept and self-esteem.
D)The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept.

Question 54

What is the best definition for a significant other?

A)a romantic partner
B)a strong, positive influence
C)a powerful adult that one looks up to
D)a person who has affected one's self-concept

Question 55

Mark is a nursing student on placement at the hospital. He has received positive feedback on his performance from the other nursing staff that he is working with. Mark is feeling very good about his nursing skills and feels confident that he will be good at his job when he's done school. What is this an example of?

A)ego booster
B)ego buster
C)social comparison
D)reflected appraisal

Question 56

Bill 101 made French the official language of the Province of Quebec. What was one reason for this change?

A)to follow a federal mandate
B)to maintain the Francophone sense of self
C)to prevent Francophones from becoming an in-group
D)to bring harmony to the diverse, multilingual society in Quebec

Question 57

Which situation is an example of identity management?

A)Bruce wants Juan to help him move this weekend so he buys Juan lunch with the hope of convincing Juan to give up his Saturday.
B)Gord believes that he isn't good at chemistry; as a result, he fails his chemistry exam.
C)Jennifer has low self-esteem but presents as confidently as possible so people won't know what she thinks about herself.
D)Radha believes that people need to know about her back pain so she tells as many people as possible about it.

Question 58

Kelly believes that she can't trust her coworkers, even though they haven't behaved in a manner that would suggest this is true. Kelly keeps information from her coworkers because she thinks they are untrustworthy. As a result, her coworkers have started to exclude her when making decisions, and this has a negative impact on Kelly's job. What does this scenario demonstrate?

A)other-fulfilling prophecy
B)self-fulfilling prophecy
C)self-imposed prophecy
D)other-imposed prophecy

Question 59

Which of the following is a reference group?

A)a group of people involved in a research study
B)your mother
C)peers at school
D)something that is of interest to you

Question 60

Having high self-esteem is a guarantee for interpersonal success.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Question 61

Billy believes that in order for him to be good at his job he must not make any mistakes. What does this scenario demonstrate?

A)social expectations
B)perfection
C)distorted feedback
D)obsolete information

Question 62

Linh is a first-year university student. Being with which of the following people would be least likely to cause Linh to be concerned about her identity management?

A)someone she met recently
B)someone she knows of the same sex
C)someone of the opposite sex that she finds attractive
D)someone of the opposite sex that she doesn't find attractive

Question 63

What should a person do in order to have a more realistic self-concept?

A)Have realistic expectations and perceptions of yourself.
B)Ask others to send you more positive messages.
C)Take yourself less seriously and accept your weaknesses.
D)Ask others for feedback on how you can improve yourself.

Question 64

Roberta has just graduated from an animation program, and she is starting to look for a job. Roberta decides to delete several pictures from her Facebook account from her college years and tightens up her privacy settings. What is Roberta engaged in?

A)vocational management
B)identity management
C)career management
D)impression management

Question 65

Which term refers to the image that a person gives to others?

A)presenting self
B)perceived self
C)identity management
D)public self

Question 66

Many students travelling abroad display the Canadian maple leaf on their backpacks or jackets. What identity management strategy is this an example of?

A)appearance
B)manner
C)setting
D)relationship

Question 67

Which statement best describes people who are high self-monitors?

A)They are harder to read than low self-monitors.
B)They are easier to read than low self-monitors.
C)They are much more aware of their identity management behaviour than others.
D)They are highly aware of their own behaviour but tend to overlook the behaviour of others.

Question 68

Which of the following is considered a feature of diversity that affects self-concept in Canada?

A)language
B)reflected appraisal
C)social comparison
D)the self-imposed prophecies of new immigrants

Question 69

What has the potential to powerfully shape self-concept?

A)self-esteem
B)self-monitoring
C)significant others
D)cognitive complexity

Question 70

Which statement best describes a person's self-concept?

A)It involves evaluations of self-worth.
B)It includes other people's opinion of you.
C)It is always changing.
D)It varies from person to person.

Question 71

Which of the following is often a result when people use the word "can't"?

A)It helps us accept our limitations.
B)It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)It increases our defensiveness and makes us less approachable.
D)It reduces our defensiveness and makes us more approachable.

Question 72

Rita's marks in her anatomy class are not normally as good as Barbara's, but her teacher kept telling her how smart she was, and that her hard work would help her excel on the test. As a result of her teacher's positive expectations, Rita's marks improve significantly. What is this an example of?

A)perceived self
B)other-imposed prophecy
C)self-verification
D)social comparison

Question 73

In the textbook section, "Looking In and Coming Out" the writer states he went into the closet when family and friends criticized him for wanting to be a female character. What statement was shared to support why the choice to go into the closet was made?

A)New personal discoveries can be made as one matures.
B)People can create more satisfying identities.
C)It is very natural to want to feel safe in our early developmental stages.
D)People can change and become effective in their real-life interactions with others.

Question 74

Maxine has always dreamed of being an astronaut. Maxine's parents tell her that she will never be an astronaut because most of them are men. As a result, Maxine decides to go into nursing instead of aviation. What does this scenario demonstrate?

A)other-fulfilling prophecy
B)self-fulfilling prophecy
C)self-imposed prophecy
D)other-imposed prophecy

Question 75

Jessica received feedback from her placement supervisor that she doesn't agree with. Jessica decides to ask her classmates what they think. What is this an example of?

A)cognitive conservatism
B)distorted feedback
C)self-fulfilling prophecy
D)subjective selection

Question 76

Which statement best describes self-monitoring and identity management?

A)A low self-monitor employs little identity management.
B)A low self-monitor is highly aware of their identity management.
C)A high self-monitor is highly aware of their identity management.
D)A high self-monitor employs little identity management.

Question 77

Simone, the CEO of a hospital, wants to appear authoritative, so she sits behind a large oak desk facing her subordinates when they come to speak with her. What strategy is Simone using to manage her identity?

A)appearance
B)manner
C)posture
D)setting

Question 78

Which of the following would be least helpful to makes one's self-concept more realistic?

A)Share your perception of yourself with a friend.
B)Try to engage in more accurate self-talk.
C)Focus on "ego booster" messages.
D)Pay less attention to your past behaviour and more attention to your present behaviour.

Question 79

What are ego busters?

A)negative aspects of the self-concept
B)people who intentionally criticize others
C)psychological mechanisms for masking the true self-concept
D)people who influence another person's self-esteem negatively

Question 80

Consider the following hypothetical question. In a research study, a group of clerks were told to process about 550 records per day. They were also told that it would be stressful to process more than 550 records in one day. A second group was told to process as many as they could. What was the outcome of the study?

A)The first group outperformed the second group but felt more stress.
B)The second group outperformed the first group but felt more stress.
C)The second group outperformed the first group and the first group felt more stress.
D)Both groups processed about the same number of records but the first group felt more stress.