Deck 23: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: The Claims of Reason

Question 1

Why did Wren design St.Paul's Cathedral so that the congregation faced east?

A)So they could pray in the direction of Jerusalem
B)So the morning light would illuminate their faces
C)So they would face sunrise on Easter morning
D)So the dome's skylights shone above them

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Isaac Newton,why does the universe function harmoniously and orderly?

A)God implemented the perfect design
B)Atmospheric hydrogen keeps everything afloat
C)The sun and planets exert gravitational pulls
D)Objects in motion stay that way unless acted upon

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why was Arkwright's waterwheel able to increase textile output?

A)Cotton fields were able to be irrigated
B)It powered machines that separated fibers from seeds
C)It cleaned the fibers faster than humans could
D)Looms could operate at much higher speeds

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How did Josiah Wedgwood revolutionize ceramic ware production?

A)By adding blue color to the clay instead of painting it
B)By casting the clay instead of shaping it by hand
C)By producing a catalog of designs for order
D)By imprinting instead of hand painting designs

Question 5

How did Charles II thank John Dryden for his poem "Annus Mirabilis"?

A)Appointing him England's poet laureate
B)Naming one of the city's new squares after him
C)Awarding him a pension for life
D)Declaring it England's national poem

Question 6

What caused the 1666 Great Fire of London?

A)A ship's engine catching fire
B)A baker's oven explosion
C)A cow kicking over a lantern
D)Lightening striking a thatch roof

Question 7

Why did London's East End become home to the very poor in the eighteenth century?

A)The government converted houses into tenements
B)Parliament raised taxes on the East End's residents
C)The rich and middle class moved outside the city
D)The people spent all their money in East End's gin houses

Question 8

Which of the following was not a source of Wren's inspiration for St.Paul's Cathedral?

A)Bramante's Tempietto
B)Michelangelo's dome for St.Peter's
C)The façade of the Louvre
D)Giotto's Bell Tower

Question 9

Why did Alexander Pope use heroic couplets for his discourse on ethics,An Essay on Man?

A)To reflect classical balance and harmony
B)To conform to the practice of the time
C)To imitate Shakespeare's soliloquys
D)To make his criticisms more poetic

Question 10

Why did John Milton write Paradise Lost?

A)To provide England with its epic
B)To justify the ways of God to men
C)To criticize the Stuart monarchy
D)To explain why people sin

Question 11

To what mythical creature did poet John Dryden equate London in "Annus Mirabilis"?

A)Chimera
B)Sphinx
C)Phoenix
D)Dragon

Question 12

What did William Hogarth aim to show with his caricatures of English society?

A)Government corruption
B)Religious hypocrisy
C)Racial disparity
D)Moral bankruptcy

Question 13

Why was the Great Fire advantageous to London?

A)It forced the city to establish paid firefighters
B)It made the city construct better public housing
C)It destroyed the slums near the harbor
D)It allowed the city's center to be modernized

Question 14

According to Thomas Hobbes,what two factors motivate people?

A)Desire for protection and maintenance of personal sovereignty
B)Fear of death at someone else's hands and desire for power
C)Commonality of beliefs and hopes of salvation
D)Desire for financial success and social mobility

Question 15

Which of the following was not included under Parliament's Bill of Rights?

A)No Catholic could ever rule England
B)No Puritan or Roman Catholic could attend university
C)No non-English monarch could rule England
D)No British king could marry a Catholic

Question 16

Why did the Lunar Society meet monthly on the night of a full moon?

A)So they could study the full moon's gravitational pull
B)So they would have light to travel home by
C)Benjamin Franklin made this decision
D)So they would have clearer view of planets and stars

Question 17

Why did John Locke disagree with Hobbes' social contract?

A)Rulers tended to become despotic over time
B)People by nature were depraved
C)Rulers were incapable of controlling the masses
D)People were capable of governing themselves

Question 18

Why did Jonathan Swift in "A Modest Proposal" advocate butchering Irish children?

A)To reduce the poverty of the Irish
B)To satirize the English treatment of the Irish
C)To decrease the number of Irish Protestants
D)To persuade the Irish poor to migrate to America

Question 19

Why did Hobbes believe that most people willingly accepted a social contract?

A)To control their instincts and to achieve peace
B)To achieve some measure of financial security
C)To maintain their position in a social hierarchy
D)To ensure that all obey the government's laws

Question 20

What commission did Christopher Wren receive during the rebuilding of London?

A)The entire city center
B)Fifty-two churches
C)Regent's College
D)The new palace

Question 21

Explain how Milton's God and Satan reflect the ideas of Locke and Hobbes.

Question 22

What new literary form did Addison and Steele invent for their newspapers?

A)Journalistic essay
B)Yellow journalism
C)Parody
D)New journalism

Question 23

Explain the connection between Captain Cook's explorations in the Pacific and the ideas that were arising in England during the Enlightenment.

Question 24

Why probably did the Easter Island residents erect the moai (monumental heads)?

A)To mark graves
B)To represent gods
C)To identify property owners
D)To frighten potential invaders

Question 25

Why primarily did James Cook set sail for Tahiti in 1768?

A)To establish trade with the Tahitians
B)To settle a British colony there
C)To chart the transit of Venus
D)To find a Pacific route to India

Question 26

Why did Samuel Johnson undertake his monumental Dictionary of the English Language?

A)To stop the English language from changing
B)To help people pronounce words properly
C)To help readers understand his newspaper
D)To standardize the English language

Question 27

List and describe two developments of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 28

Why did the Maori tattoo their heads?

A)To identify their clan
B)To increase their mana
C)To attract a mate
D)To display their wealth

Question 29

As reported in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why did the British consider Thomas Jefferson a hypocrite?

A)For advocating revolution yet refusing to fight
B)For preaching equality yet considering the British inferior
C)For condemning slavery yet owning slaves
D)For supporting America yet loving European architecture

Question 30

Explain the scope and significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language.

Question 31

Matching

Question 32

What was King George II's response on first hearing the Messiah's "Hallelujah Chorus"?

A)Burst into tears
B)Fell into a faint
C)Rose from his seat
D)Broke into applause

Question 33

Define satire,providing two examples mentioned in the chapter,and explain its appeal to writers and readers of eighteenth-century England.

Question 34

List,define,and provide examples of two types of novels that developed in eighteenth-century England.

Question 35

Compare Hobbes' and Locke's ideas about the role of government.

Question 36

Why did a London bishop ban Handel's biblical opera,Esther?

A)The words were in English,not Italian
B)The English considered opera too decorous
C)A stage production of the bible was inappropriate
D)Ester was considered a Jewish heroine

Question 37

Why did the Hawaiians kill Captain Cook in 1779?

A)For overreacting to a Hawaiian's theft of a small boat
B)For allowing his men to have sex with Hawaiian prostitutes
C)For firing his ship's cannon at the beach
D)For not paying homage to the Hawaiian gods

Question 38

How did Samuel Richardson tell the plot of his novel Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded?

A)Stream of consciousness
B)Series of letters
C)Fictitious autobiography
D)Diary entries

Question 39

Describe three ways the 1666 Great Fire of London changed London for the better.

Question 40

Referencing one work of art and one of literature,show how satire aimed to improve the English.