Deck 9: Vitamin Overview and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamins A,D,E,and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamins A,D,E,and K from animal sources.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development?

A)A and D
B)D and K
C)A and E
D)E and K

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Vitamins A,D,E,and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

A)olive oil
B)water
C)sugar
D)red wine

Question 5

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

A)Phosphates
B)Antioxidants
C)Antidotes
D)Oxidizing agents

Question 6

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water

Question 7

_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

A)Beta-carotene
B)Retinol
C)Lutein
D)Alpha-tocopherol

Question 8

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins K,D,and A
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin E,and choline
D)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin

Question 9

All vitamins are amines.

Question 10

Retinol,retinal,and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin
A.

Question 11

Most vitamins are more bioavailable from synthetic sources than from natural food sources.

Question 12

The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life),and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance).

Question 13

A team of chemists have isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom.The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons.Based on this information,the chemists are likely to have discovered a (n)_____.

A)precursor
B)auto-analyzing agent
C)antioxidant
D)amino acid

Question 14

The fact that babies can grow and thrive on synthetic infant formula supports the hypothesis that all the vitamins have been discovered.

Question 15

Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?

A)E
B)D
C)B-6
D)B-12

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans.
B)Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.
C)Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.
D)People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.

Question 17

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins K,D,and E
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin

Question 18

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,_____________.

A)stir-fry instead of boil
B)cook slowly in large amounts of water
C)store in warm conditions,and expose to sunlight and air
D)peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water

Question 19

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)In general,water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
B)The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
C)The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.
D)In general,excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.
B)Fat-soluble vitamins are generally more toxic than water-soluble vitamins.
C)It is easier for the body to eliminate water-soluble vitamins compared to fat-soluble vitamins.
D)Vitamins A,D,E,and K are digested and absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 21

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following vitamins is a nutrient of public health concern?

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin A
D)Vitamin K

Question 22

Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____________.

A)phosphorus and calcium
B)sodium and potassium
C)iron and copper
D)magnesium and iodine

Question 23

Diets supplying large amounts of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin can lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Question 24

Activation of vitamin D from food sources requires a healthy liver and kidneys.

Question 25

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty.She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils.Her usual diet is comprised of legumes,small amounts of yogurt,whole-grain breads and rice,fruits,and a few vegetables.Based on this information,Jameela is most at risk of _____________.

A)osteomalacia
B)scurvy
C)beriberi
D)pellagra

Question 26

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

A)Fatty fish and fish oils
B)Whole-grain breads and cereals
C)Fresh fruit
D)Dark orange and yellow vegetables

Question 27

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A)Processed luncheon meats
B)Fresh fruits
C)Enriched breads and cereals
D)Fortified dairy products

Question 28

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.

Question 29

Both alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol are found in food sources.

Question 30

____________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.

A)Rickets
B)Osteoporosis
C)Osteomalacia
D)Melanin

Question 31

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

A)B-12
B)A
C)K
D)B-6

Question 32

Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

A)Soybeans
B)Apples
C)Carrots
D)Liver

Question 33

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _____________.

A)headaches
B)night blindness
C)swollen tongue
D)hair loss

Question 34

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _____________.

A)deposition of calcium in soft tissues
B)megaloblastic anemia
C)increased blood clot formation
D)no particular health problems,because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine

Question 35

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry.He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors.He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance.His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,peanut butter,chicken,pork,apples,bananas,and green vegetables.Based on this information,Issac has a high risk of _____________.

A)scurvy
B)rickets
C)beriberi
D)pellagra

Question 36

In the body,vitamin A helps _____________.

A)the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus
B)maintain epithelial cells
C)reduce collagen synthesis
D)insulin enter cells

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children.
B)Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation.
C)Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults.
D)Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

Question 38

Taking a vitamin A supplement has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 39

Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?

A)Glucagon
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Insulin

Question 40

The biological activity of gamma-tocopherol is significantly higher than that of alpha-tocopherol.

Question 41

Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.

Question 42

A low level of salt in sweat is a sign of cystic fibrosis.

Question 43

Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K

Question 44

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Soybean oil
B)Enriched breads
C)Ground beef
D)Citrus fruit

Question 45

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?

A)Sardines
B)Almonds
C)Peanuts
D)Mango

Question 46

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

A)Safflower oil
B)Sunflower seeds
C)Whole grains
D)Ground beef

Question 47

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 48

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin A

Question 49

The synthetic form of vitamin K is called ____________.

A)menadione
B)menaquinone
C)phyllodione
D)phylloquinone

Question 50

The human body needs vitamin K to _____________.

A)absorb phosphorus from foods
B)release the energy stored in glucose
C)form active blood clotting factors
D)synthesize DNA

Question 51

Long-term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness.

Question 52

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Citrus fruit
B)Green leafy vegetables
C)Enriched breads
D)Processed poultry products

Question 53

The liver needs vitamin K to _____________.

A)synthesize prothrombin
B)store glycogen
C)metabolize alcohol
D)process calcium

Question 54

In the United States,newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

A)vitamin K;bleeding
B)thiamin;beriberi
C)vitamin C;collagen breakdown
D)niacin;pellagra

Question 55

Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting.

Question 56

Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers.

Question 57

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

A)D
B)E
C)B-12
D)K

Question 58

Vitamin E is involved in maintaining immune system function.

Question 59

Low blood levels of vitamin K are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.

Question 60

Consuming high amounts of vitamins E and K in foods has not been associated with any negative effect on health.

Question 61

Water-soluble forms of vitamin E are often recommended for cystic fibrosis patients.

Question 62

For maximum benefit,pancreatic enzyme pills,prescribed to improve digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in cystic fibrosis patients,should be taken between meals.