Deck 7: Friendship

Question 1

When compared to romance,friendship:

A) is similar.
B) is different.
C) is also an intimate relationship.
D) All of these.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which type of social support do friends provide?

A) Emotional support
B) Material support
C) Advice support
D) All of these.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Buhrmester and Furman,during the early elementary years the key need is for _____,and it is satisfied via relationships with _____.

A) acceptance; peers
B) security; primary care givers
C) intimacy; same-sex friends
D) sexuality; opposite-sex partners

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research on peer popularity in elementary school has found that:

A) it is not very stable in elementary school, so it is not a very good predictor of subsequent behavior.
B) peer popularity in elementary school predicts peer popularity toward the end of high school.
C) rejection by peers in elementary school is a risk factor for later difficulties.
D) None of these; there isn't enough research to draw a conclusion.

Question 5

In the intimate-mutual sharing stage of friendships described by Selman,children:

A) are starting to understand their friend's point of view but largely see their friendships as serving self-interests.
B) recognize that individual friendships cannot fulfill all emotional and psychological needs so other friendships are allowed to develop.
C) develop skills such as empathy, which form the foundation of close adult relationships.
D) are willing to play with any other children that are available in the search for a best friend.

Question 6

Martha and George are good friends.Martha is about to move and knows she cannot carry all of her boxes herself.Which rule of friendship should George abide by?

A) Don't nag.
B) Trust and confide in your friend.
C) Volunteer in time of need.
D) Don't be jealous.

Question 7

Which of the following is mentioned in the textbook as a response to low trust in a relationship?

A) A tendency for greater self-disclosure
B) Apathy and indifference
C) Increased capitalization
D) A tendency to be more guarded and cautious

Question 8

Three broad themes of friendship include:

A) affection, communion, and society.
B) affection, romance, and companionship.
C) affection, communion, and companionship.
D) None of these.

Question 9

A common cause of friendship failure is:

A) having friends who are too similar to us.
B) failure to follow the rules of friendship.
C) one friend makes more money than the other.
D) entering into a romantic relationship with a friend.

Question 10

Concerning the rules of friendships,which of the following statements is true?

A) Women have high standards for friends.
B) Men expect more loyalty and similarity in friendships than women do.
C) We tend to chose friends who are different from us in order to expand our horizons.
D) Friendship is not as important in romantic relationships.

Question 11

Kim just started dating Martin.Kim's best friend Sandy is mad because Sandy is alone and she wishes she had a boyfriend.She has decided to not talk to Kim for a while.Which rule of friendship is Sandy breaking?

A) Don't be jealous.
B) Stand up for your friend.
C) Seek to repay debts and compliments.
D) Volunteer in time of need.

Question 12

All of these are rules of friendship EXCEPT:

A) don't nag.
B) keep confidences.
C) keep the friendship exclusive.
D) volunteer to help in time of need.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about social support?

A) Social support has physiological effects on people.
B) With the exception of those with severe psychological disorders, people are equally skillful at offering social support to those they care about.
C) Social support is always beneficial to its recipients.
D) Overall, being supported by actual acts of support is more important than believing we will be supported.

Question 14

Intimacy is considered a basic need of children's friendships during which stage of development?

A) Preschool
B) Early elementary
C) Preadolescence
D) Teen

Question 15

Nichole shares good news about her new job with her friend Kari.Kari responds with genuine excitement and enthusiasm.This pattern of interaction is known as:

A) material support.
B) disclosure reciprocity.
C) capitalization.
D) dyadic withdrawal.

Question 16

Bobbi supports her friend Charla,but thinks that Charla is being underappreciated at her job.She thinks she is being helpful,but every time they talk she brings it up and tells Charla to stand up for herself more.Charla is starting to get annoyed because it's all Bobbi wants to talk about.Which rule of friendship is Bobbi breaking?

A) Don't nag.
B) Stand up for your friend.
C) Don't be jealous.
D) Confide in your friend.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of friendship (compared to romantic partnership)?

A) Desire for exclusiveness
B) More obligations
C) More emotional intensity
D) More flexible, less-stringent social norms

Question 18

Friendship is best conceptualized as:

A) a unidimensional phenomenon (based primarily on liking).
B) a multidimensional phenomenon.
C) something easy for social scientists and lay people alike to define.
D) a phenomenon that differs from love in intensity but not in its core features.

Question 19

The pattern of interaction in which good friends tend to enhance our delight when we share good news with them is known as:

A) respect.
B) trust.
C) capitalization.
D) responsiveness.

Question 20

Emotional support that is least likely to undermine self-esteem is known as:

A) invisible support.
B) capitalization support.
C) responsive support.
D) material support.

Question 21

_____ people make an effort to behave in ways that are beneficial to both themselves and others.

A) Independent
B) Elderly
C) Avoidant
D) Interdependent

Question 22

What distinguishes a "best" friendship?

A) Unique connection
B) Special understanding
C) Degree of intimacy in the friendship
D) Potential for later romance

Question 23

Grandma Helen used to have many casual friends when she was young,but now she enjoys keeping contact with her close friends and families only.Which of the following perspectives best reflects this decrease in sociability in old age?

A) Attachment theory
B) Disengagement
C) Dyadic withdrawal hypothesis
D) Socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 24

In a study of friendship among college freshmen,satisfaction with social networks tended to be _____ in the fall after they arrived at college and _____ by the end of the spring semester.

A) high; low
B) low; high
C) low; low
D) high; high

Question 25

In early adolescence,which component of attachment shifts first from parents to peers?

A) Safe haven
B) Secure base
C) Separation protest
D) Proximity seeking

Question 26

Norma,a 68-year-old,has a few close friends.These friends are not a very diverse group but they provide her with the emotional support she needs.Her grandson has a large group of friends,many of them casual friendships.These patterns are consistent with:

A) dyadic withdrawal theory.
B) the socioemotional selectivity theory.
C) capitalization.
D) high self-monitoring.

Question 27

During adolescence,time spent with family:

A) stays the same.
B) increases for girls and decreases for boys.
C) decreases and time spent alone increases.
D) decreases as time spent with peers increases.

Question 28

When Mara describes herself she spends a lot of time talking about her roles as friend,wife,and mother,and she describes a lot of nurturing and caring qualities.Mara is:

A) high in her interdependent self-construal.
B) a high self-monitor.
C) high in androgyny.
D) high in emotional isolation.

Question 29

When people see more and more of their lover and less of friends,this is known as:

A) romantic gazing.
B) dyadic withdrawal.
C) intensity bonding.
D) barriers to friendship.

Question 30

In general women's friendships are characterized by _____ and men's friendships involve _____.

A) shared activities; capitalization
B) shared activities; emotional sharing
C) emotional sharing; shared activities
D) capitalization; emotional sharing

Question 31

With regard to sexual orientation,the friendships of heterosexuals are:

A) less diverse than those of GLBs.
B) more diverse than GLBs.
C) comparable to GLBs.
D) less satisfying than those of GLBs.

Question 32

Safe haven refers to:

A) making constant contact with an attachment figure.
B) resisting separation from an attachment figure.
C) using an attachment figure as a secure base from which to explore the world.
D) seeking out an attachment figure for reassurance after a stressor.

Question 33

In the last 30 years,the number of people who say they have no close confidant has _____ and the average number of intimate partners has _____.

A) increased; decreased
B) increased; increased
C) decreased; decreased
D) decreased; increased

Question 34

Studies reveal that after college:

A) the number of same-sex friendships stabilize.
B) the average intimacy level of interactions increases.
C) the closeness of remaining friendships decreases.
D) All of these.

Question 35

A friend of yours meets someone and they become romantically involved.Your friend spends more time with this person and less time with you.You are seeing:

A) capitalization.
B) socioemotional selectivity.
C) dyadic withdrawal.
D) a great deal of self-monitoring.

Question 36

Highly interdependent self-construals:

A) are most common in Western nations.
B) are detrimental to friendships.
C) are universal.
D) are more common outside the United States.

Question 37

The social networks of spouses tend to be:

A) about the same as when they were single.
B) smaller than when they were single.
C) larger than when they were single.
D) comparable to the networks of their teen years.

Question 38

Which model best describes what happens to attachment functions (secure base,safe haven,etc.)as children mature?

A) Parents remain key figures for all four attachment functions, but others can also serve these needs.
B) The set of attachment functions gets restructured with sex being added as a new attachment function.
C) The first shift begins in young adolescence when children shift their secure base from their parents to their peers.
D) Peers begin to gradually replace parents as sources of attachment.

Question 39

In reviewing the studies about young adults' relationships,the text concludes that young adults:

A) have shallower relationships with people they meet after a college graduation.
B) tend to interact with fewer friends after college.
C) manage to maintain similar frequency of interactions with same-sex friends after college graduation.
D) are satisfied with the high level of intimacy in interpersonal relationships.

Question 40

According to research in which men were randomly assigned pets,the pets were most beneficial when:

A) participants were ill.
B) the men had few friends.
C) the pets were most affectionate.
D) the pets were in need of special care-taking.

Question 41

People who are lonely:

A) make an effort in talking with others and are therefore good conversational partners.
B) often have drab or dull interactions with others as they tend to have negative attitudes toward others.
C) try too hard to establish intimacy and self-disclose too much.
D) think that all others are open to interactions and therefore keep trying even when others don't want to converse with them.

Question 42

Shy individuals often do well when they are:

A) in relationships.
B) given an excuse for interactions to go poorly.
C) given antidepressants.
D) forced to talk in detail about their own anxieties.

Question 43

Alan does not have an intense relationship with anyone in particular,although he has a large network of friends and acquaintances.We could describe as Alan as experiencing:

A) social isolation.
B) dyadic withdrawal.
C) socioemotional selectivity.
D) emotional isolation.

Question 44

Loneliness has:

A) very little effect on our physical health.
B) noticeable effects on our physical health.
C) an effect on the way we think about our health, but no real effect on our health.
D) strong effects on the health of those temporarily lonely, but little effect on the chronically lonely.

Question 45

Emotional isolation arises because a person:

A) lacks a network of friends.
B) lacks a single intense relationship.
C) feels sad and depressed about the state of the world.
D) has fewer friends or contacts than she/he believes that she/he should.

Question 46

Which of the following characteristics are likely to apply to lonely people?

A) Negative attitude toward others and dull interactions
B) Strong desire for friendship and too much self-disclosure
C) Avoidant attachment style and frequent social contact
D) High social anxiety with high self-esteem

Question 47

Sheila is nervous in social settings and is concerned that others are evaluating her negatively.She doesn't think others will want to talk to her because she doesn't feel good about herself.When she does interact,she is awkward and occasionally inappropriate.Sheila is likely:

A) high in reassurance seeking.
B) chronically shy.
C) low in self-monitoring.
D) situationally shy.

Question 48

Loneliness and depression:

A) are basically the same psychological condition.
B) are related in that it is always loneliness that gives rise to depression.
C) differ in that depression is a global state, whereas loneliness is more specific and interpersonal in nature.
D) differ in that depression is a persistent personality trait and loneliness is a more transient state.

Question 49

Research has found that loneliness is associated with all of the following factors EXCEPT which one?

A) Chronically higher blood pressure
B) Higher levels of stress hormone
C) Poor sleep habits
D) Hypersexuality

Question 50

In the study by Leary where two strangers were asked to converse while loud noise was being played,shy people _____ when they could blame the noise for the conversation potentially not going well,and _____ when they were told the noise should not interfere with their conversation.

A) did not reveal their shyness; acted shy
B) acted shy; acted shy
C) did not reveal their shyness; didn't show any shyness
D) acted shy; didn't show any shyness

Question 51

Although when she asks (and she asks often),her friends insist that she's important to them and that they like her,Kayla still doubts her friends like her.Kayla is exhibiting a pattern of:

A) excessive reassurance seeking.
B) socioemotional selectivity.
C) emotional isolation.
D) social support.

Question 52

Which of following statements about gender and loneliness is true?

A) Men are lonelier on average than women.
B) Women are lonelier on average than men.
C) In early adulthood, men are less lonely than women, but this trend reverses with age.
D) Men rely more on other men to help with their loneliness.

Question 53

The self-perpetuating cycle of loneliness includes all but which of the following problems?

A) Inflated sense of self
B) Dull, half-hearted manner of interacting
C) Irritating and annoying behavior
D) Negative reactions by others

Question 54

The discrepancy model of loneliness suggests that intensity of loneliness is a function of the difference between:

A) the actual level and the desired level of social contact.
B) the level of social contact that the person biologically needs and what he/she achieves.
C) the level of social contact and one's attachment style.
D) All of these.

Question 55

Which of the following is true about loneliness?

A) Personality has little to do with whether someone will be lonely or not.
B) Genetic influences have an effect on loneliness.
C) Single women are lonelier than single men.
D) Self-esteem has little to do with whether someone will be lonely or not.

Question 56

Shy behavior often:

A) induces empathy in others.
B) facilitates the behavior of others.
C) leads to unfavorable evaluations.
D) leads to more stable but less emotional relationships.

Question 57

Research has found that loneliness can be prevented or reduced by all of the following activities EXCEPT which one?

A) Attributing one's loneliness to unstable, short lived influences rather than lasting deficiencies
B) Expending greater effort to enhance friendships rather than focusing such effort on developing romantic attachments
C) Avoiding situations that might intensify social anxiety
D) Hopefulness (optimism) that the situation will improve

Question 58

All of the following factors are associated with chronic shyness EXCEPT which one?

A) Worry about childhood experiences
B) Low self-esteem
C) Fear of negative evaluation
D) Poor social skills