Deck 8: Interpersonal Communication and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

Gays and lesbians would be considered a

A)subordinate culture.
B)subculture.
C)co-culture.
D)emergent culture.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Cultural values identify

A)things and ideas representing the most profound aspects of cultural influence.
B)a culture's objectives based on individual or collective achievement.
C)information not explicitly communicated through language.
D)what a given group of people values or appreciates.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The most obvious form of human diversity is

A)gender.
B)culture.
C)race.
D)age.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A learned system of knowledge, behaviour, attitudes, beliefs, values and norms that is shared by a group of people is a

A)sub-culture.
B)co-culture
C)counter-culture
D)culture.

Question 5

The term race can be defined as

A)the genetically transmitted physical characteristics of a group of people.
B)a social classification based on a variety of factors, such as nationality, religion, language, and ancestral heritage.
C)group membership.
D)the grouping of people based on their nationality, common history, or geographical location.

Question 6

The notion that yoga, acupuncture, t'ai chi, or taco shells are commonplace in Canada exemplifies

A)cultural values.
B)enculturation.
C)acculturation.
D)culture shock.

Question 7

Which of the following is a quick way to summarize the communication differences between men and women?

A)Men often communicate to establish rapport; women often communicate to report.
B)Men communicate to dominate; women communicate to avoid confrontation.
C)Men often communicate to report; women often communicate to establish rapport.
D)Women are more likely than men to use communication to accomplish something.

Question 8

The process of communicating a group's culture from generation to generation is called

A)culture shock.
B)enculturation.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)acculturation.

Question 9

A cultural group within a larger culture is a

A)subculture.
B)co-culture.
C)subordinate culture.
D)revisionist culture.

Question 10

Those who are close to their parents, feel special, are goal- and team-oriented, and focus on achievement are likely

A)Millenials.
B)Generation X.
C)Baby Boomers.
D)Matures.

Question 11

The process of acquiring new approaches, beliefs, and values through exposure to other cultures is called

A)acculturation.
B)enculturation.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)culture shock.

Question 12

Acculturation is the process of

A)communicating a group's culture from generation to generation.
B)perpetuating the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
C)acquiring other approaches, beliefs, and values by coming into contact with other cultures.
D)feeling stress and anxiety when encountering a culture different from one's own.

Question 13

Cultural elements are

A)what a given group of people values or appreciates.
B)a culture's objectives in terms of individual or collective achievement.
C)information not explicitly communicated through language.
D)things and ideas that represent profound aspects of cultural influence.

Question 14

Material culture, social institutions, individuals and the universe, aesthetics, and language are examples of

A)what a given group of people values or appreciates.
B)what we learn from our culture.
C)cultural elements that identify the most profound aspects of cultural influence.
D)cultural contexts.

Question 15

Heterosexuals who have negative perceptions of gays and lesbians are more likely to

A)have little to no contact with gays and lesbians.
B)have limited understanding of gender and psychology.
C)conceal their own sexuality.
D)have rigid views about gender roles and to assume their peers also hold such rigid views.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a principle that describes how social classes emerge from a society?

A)People who interact with each other over time tend to communicate in similar ways.
B)People in one group can move easily to another group but only in an upward direction.
C)Virtually every organization and group develops a hierarchy.
D)We are more likely to interact with people from our own social class.

Question 17

Social institutions, aesthetics, and language are all things that are included in

A)the values of culture.
B)the goals of culture.
C)cultural elements.
D)the contexts of culture.

Question 18

Androgyny is defined as having

A)masculine traits.
B)feminine traits.
C)both masculine and feminine traits.
D)neither masculine nor feminine traits.

Question 19

The difference between race and ethnicity is that

A)ethnicity is dependent on where you live, whereas race is not.
B)ethnicity is a socially constructed category that may or may not include race (ancestral heritage or genetic background).
C)race is a socially constructed category whereas ethnicity is not.
D)nationality and geography are very important in defining race but not ethnicity.

Question 20

Generation X is the term used for people born between

A)1982-2002
B)1943-1960
C)1961 - 1981
D)1925-1942

Question 21

Relationships, caring for the less fortunate, and overall quality of life are emphasized by

A)masculine cultures.
B)centralized power cultures.
C)feminine cultures.
D)group achievement cultures.

Question 22

Masculine vs feminine perspectives, individualism, tolerance of uncertainty, and use of power are

A)variables that measure significant values in almost every culture.
B)ideas that represent profound aspects of cultural influence.
C)factors representing a culture's objectives.
D)values not explicitly communicated through language.

Question 23

Individuals from low-context cultures

A)rely more on language to send and interpret information.
B)are perceived as attractive, knowledgeable, and trustworthy.
C)follow unspoken rules of dress, conduct, and communication.
D)are skilled in interpreting unspoken, contextual messages.

Question 24

Individuals for whom non-verbal cues are extremely important in interpreting messages are members of

A)decentralized cultures.
B)low-context cultures.
C)centralized cultures.
D)high-context cultures.

Question 25

North Americans value ________ while Asians value ________.

A)individual achievements/group achievements
B)group achievements/individual achievements
C)decentralized power/hierarchical power
D)feminine perspectives/masculine perspectives

Question 26

What do Japan, Venezuela, and Switzerland all have in common?

A)They all scored higher for the cultural value of masculinity.
B)They all scored lower for the cultural value of masculinity.
C)They all scored higher for the cultural value of individualism.
D)They all scored higher for the cultural value of uncertainty avoidance.

Question 27

Uncertainty reduction theory suggests that

A)We will not interact with others if we feel that they are different to us.
B)We will do anything to avoid uncertainty.
C)Any uncertainty will ensure that we avoid that situation in the future.
D)High levels of uncertainty will increase our information-seeking behaviour.

Question 28

Jerod is visiting Norway as a exchange student.During his third week in the country he began to experience a sense of confusion, anxiety and stress.He began to question the wisdom of committing himself to this exchange.Based upon Jerod's reaction, what is he most likely experiencing?

A)culture shock.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)third-culture.
D)acculturation.

Question 29

In a collective culture

A)there is a need for certainty.
B)power is centralized.
C)there is masculine influence.
D)people strive to attain goals for the group.

Question 30

Achievement, assertiveness, and material wealth are emphasized by

A)group achievement cultures.
B)co-cultures.
C)masculine cultures.
D)feminine cultures.

Question 31

Individuals from which countries tend to tolerate uncertainty?

A)Germany
B)Japan
C)Scandinavian countries
D)Portugal

Question 32

Ethnocentrism is defined as

A)placing a person or group of persons into an inflexible category.
B)the belief that your cultural traditions are superior to others.
C)prejudging someone before you know all of the facts about that person.
D)a form of stereotyping.

Question 33

Individuals from low-context cultures

A)are not skilled at interpreting unspoken, contextual messages.
B)are skilled at interpreting unspoken messages.
C)are less skilled at language.
D)use more contextual cues.

Question 34

Denmark, New Zealand, and Israel prefer

A)decentralized power.
B)centralized power.
C)masculine perspectives.
D)group achievement.

Question 35

Individuals feel responsible for taking care of themselves and their immediate families in

A)individualistic cultures.
B)feminine cultures.
C)masculine cultures.
D)collectivist cultures.

Question 36

Teamwork approaches usually succeed better in

A)cultures in which there is a need for certainty.
B)collectivist cultures.
C)cultures in which there is tolerance of uncertainty.
D)individualistic cultures.

Question 37

A Japanese businessperson visits Argentina and says, "These people are never on time. No wonder they can never catch up to us." This exemplifies

A)intercultural communication.
B)self-talk.
C)relational empathy.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 38

If you come from a high-context culture, you are likely to perceive individuals from a low-context culture as being

A)less attractive.
B)more knowledgeable.
C)more trustworthy.
D)more attractive.

Question 39

What statement about ethnocentrism is NOT correct?

A)It is a form of other-orientation.
B)It is a kind of cultural snobbiness.
C)It inhibits rather than promotes communication.
D)It fails to appreciate the elements in a given culture.

Question 40

When you experience culture shock, you might feel all of the following EXCEPT

A)a sense of confusion.
B)anxiety.
C)stress.
D)unreasonable exultation.

Question 41

Failing to explore common values and experiences that can serve as bridges to better understanding is an example of

A)assuming differences.
B)assuming similarity.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)stereotyping and prejudice.

Question 42

Enhancing your ________ of another culture is based on the notion that knowing more can help reduce intercultural communication problems.

A)skill
B)motivation
C)knowledge
D)exposure

Question 43

Which of the following is not a way to learn about other cultures?

A)thinking about the differences you already know
B)reading books and magazines
C)taking courses in history, art, or anthropology
D)communicating with individuals from that culture

Question 44

________ is based on cultural beliefs about the universe and key issues such as death, God, and the meaning of life.

A)Ethnocentrism
B)Intercultural communication
C)Cultural values
D)World view

Question 45

To overcome the assuming similarity barrier to effective interpersonal communication, we can

A)tell people what we're like and then compare differences.
B)explore their background and cultural values before we determine our commonalities.
C)read about other cultures.
D)focus on our differences.

Question 46

Asking questions and listening is all of the following EXCEPT

A)a simple technique for gathering information about other cultures.
B)a method to help confirm accuracy of expectations and assumptions.
C)a way to reduce uncertainty.
D)a method for improving your motivation.

Question 47

What percentage of Canadians feel out of place in Canada because of their ethnicity, culture, race, skin colour, language, accent, or religion?

A)20 percent
B)10 percent
C)30 percent
D)5 percent

Question 48

The more we understand about a person's ________, the more likely we will understand the values, norms, roles, and rules of that person's culture.

A)enculteration
B)intercultural communication
C)world view
D)ethnocentrism

Question 49

All cultures have all of the following in common EXCEPT

A)Having rules for etiquette.
B)Using facial expressions to express emotions.
C)Valuing some degree of collaboration or cooperation.
D)Avoiding conflict.

Question 50

In most situations, prejudging someone before you know all the facts

A)inhibits effective communication.
B)paves the way for self-discipline scripts.
C)allows categorizing to reduce uncertainty.
D)encourages effective communication.

Question 51

Assuming others think and act like you

A)inhibits effective communication.
B)is usually erroneous.
C)assists in reducing uncertainty.
D)encourages prejudices and stereotyping.

Question 52

Even when two people speak the same language, there can be mangled meaning because

A)of ethnocentrism.
B)we assume our culture is similar to other cultures.
C)stereotyping and prejudice exist.
D)different communication codes exist.

Question 53

Focusing on specific behaviours that can help overcome barriers and cultural differences is

A)skill.
B)motivation.
C)knowledge.
D)co-culture.

Question 54

Appropriate knowledge, motivation, and skill are

A)barriers to effective intercultural communication.
B)ways to improve interpersonal communication.
C)intercultural communication constructs.
D)major components in intercultural communication.

Question 55

How many Canadians who are also visible minorities have experienced discrimination or unfair treatment because of their racial or ethnic background?

A)1 in 10
B)1 in 20
C)1 in 5
D)1 in 100

Question 56

The internal state of readiness to improve our intercultural communication is

A)knowledge.
B)skill.
C)motivation.
D)co-culture.

Question 57

Pushing someone into an inflexible, all-encompassing category is

A)prejudice.
B)culture shock.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)stereotyping.

Question 58

A confirmation class from the Catholic church visited a nearby synagogue to experience worship from a different perspective.The synagogue provided the group with a guide.The guide explained what would happen during the service, showed them where to sit and how to respond at different times in the service, and made himself available after the service to answer any questions they might have about the service, the synagogue, or Judaism.The synagogue's response to this visit demonstrated their commitment to which strategy for improving intercultural communication?

A)developing knowledge
B)developing skills
C)developing mindfulness
D)developing a third culture

Question 59

Asking questions and sharing information about yourself

A)is enough to bridge differences in cultures.
B)is not enough to bridge differences.
C)should be coupled with good listening to bridge differences in cultures.
D)lets people from other cultures learn about your culture.

Question 60

Intercultural communication competence is

A)accepting the differences in language and non-verbal codes.
B)assuming that other people are always different.
C)the ability to adapt your behaviour toward another in ways that are appropriate to the other person's culture.
D)accepting that different cultures have both similarities and differences.

Question 61

One of the best ways to enhance understanding when communicating with someone from another culture is to develop a

A)third culture.
B)co-culture.
C)subculture.
D)a new communication code.

Question 62

One of the best ways to approach any new cultural encounter is to

A)be mindful.
B)ask questions.
C)tolerate ambiguities.
D)avoid negative judgments.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a strategy used to help you socially decentre?

A)draw upon your direct experience and use your past knowledge of what happened to you to help you understand how someone else may feel
B)draw upon specific knowledge we have of the person
C)draw upon the principles of interpersonal communication that emphasize communication in social settings
D)apply our understanding of people in general, or of categories of people

Question 64

A ________ is a combination of aspects of separate cultures that is more comprehensive and inclusive than either of the two separate cultures.

A)intracultural communication
B)third culture
C)co-culture
D)dominate culture

Question 65

Developing new communication codes in the creation of a third culture encompasses all of the following EXCEPT

A)developing a common framework to enhance understanding.
B)developing a code that both parties understand.
C)discussing the meanings of non-verbal communication so that misunderstandings are reduced.
D)improving intrapersonal communication.

Question 66

A third culture is characterized by

A)a willingness of both parties to participate in the creation of the new culture.
B)a group willing to mediate between the two original cultures.
C)two or more individuals willing to get together and study each other's cultures.
D)unique values and norms that might not have existed prior to the dyadic relationship.

Question 67

Which is not a strategy to help you improve your acceptance and appreciation of others who are different from you?

A)tolerate ambiguity
B)adapt predictively
C)develop mindfulness
D)avoid negative judgments

Question 68

To help us tolerate ambiguity we need to try to

A)be patient.
B)be understanding of differences.
C)adapt predictively.
D)develop mindfulness.

Question 69

A way to become more mindful is through

A)self-talk.
B)self analysis.
C)the creation of intercultural norms.
D)assuming similarity.

Question 70

We need to tolerate ambiguity in intercultural communication because

A)individuals from that culture will be more tolerant.
B)communicating with someone from another culture produces uncertainty.
C)most of our communication is ambiguous.
D)different cultures have no similarities.

Question 71

Paying close attention to another person's nonverbal cues when you begin conversing will assist in

A)developing flexibility.
B)asking questions.
C)self-talk.
D)tolerating ambiguity.

Question 72

The cognitive process in which we take into account the other person's thoughts, feeling, values, background, and perspectives is

A)social decentring.
B)sympathy.
C)empathy.
D)adaptation.

Question 73

The essence of the new relationship formed when a third culture is created is called

A)relational empathy.
B)relational interaction.
C)dyadic conversion.
D)intracultural conversion.

Question 74

Which of the following is created when communication partners join aspects of separate cultures to create a new comprehensive and inclusive culture?

A)third culture
B)cultural context
C)mindfulness
D)co-culture

Question 75

To develop an understanding of others, based upon how you have responded when something similar has happened to you, is engaging in ________.

A)ethnocentrism
B)ambiguity reduction
C)social decentring
D)sympathy

Question 76

Social decentring is

A)an easy process.
B)harder when the difference between ourselves and the other person is greater.
C)based on how the other person responds.
D)part of the adaptation process.

Question 77

To be a flexible communicator with someone from a different culture all of the following skills and strategies apply EXCEPT

A)be willing to learn as you communicate.
B)recognize that cultural generalizations that you learn from research may not always apply.
C)play close attention to a person's nonverbal cues when you begin communicating and then adjust yours accordingly.
D)assume that the other person will communicate in the same way that you do.

Question 78

Creating a third culture allows participants to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)create a new understanding of both participants for each other.
B)acknowledge the most significant of the differences.
C)create explicit rules and norms to govern their interactions.
D)allow your own good manners to to see you through the interaction.

Question 79

What occurs when communicating with a person from another culture?

A)Predicted outcome values are ambiguous
B)Uncertainty levels will be low.
C)The Johari window will have a large open area.
D)Uncertainty levels will be high.

Question 80

Because it might take time and several exchanges with a person from another culture to be able to clarify a message, we must learn to

A)ask questions.
B)be other-oriented.
C)tolerate ambiguity.
D)avoid negative judgments.