Deck 15: Cancer

Question 1

Which of the following statements about diet's effect on cancer is FALSE?

A)Diets high in fat have been associated with several types of cancer.
B)Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer.
C)Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains appear to decrease the risk for multiple cancers.
D)Diets that include red and pink fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for prostate cancer.

Answer 1

Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Question 2

The most common form of cancer, ________, is a large category of cancers that originate from epithelial tissue.

A)carcinoma
B)melanoma
C)leukemia
D)sarcoma

Answer 2

carcinoma

Question 3

Kyle has a cancer of the lymph nodes or glands.What type of cancer does Kyle have?

A)lymphoma
B)leukemia
C)myeloma
D)sarcoma

Answer 3

lymphoma

Question 4

Craig recently passed away from a cancer that started in his bone marrow.What type of cancer caused Craig's death?

A)carcinoma
B)sarcoma
C)leukemia
D)lymphoma

Question 5

Which of the following infection-to-cancer-type associations is NOT correct?

A)human papillomavirus (HPV) to cervical/penile cancer
B)hepatitis B to skin cancer
C)hepatitis C to liver cancer
D)human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to multiple cancers

Question 6

The leading cause of cancer death is attributed to what type of cancer?

A)colon
B)breast
C)skin
D)lung

Question 7

Certain environmental conditions can increase one's likelihood of being exposed to carcinogens and developing cancer.Which of the following is NOT an environment that increases one's exposure to carcinogens?

A)cities
B)farming states
C)industrial areas
D)dense forests

Question 8

The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with an increased risk for what type of cancer?

A)colon
B)breast
C)skin
D)brain

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a source of ionizing radiation?

A)radon
B)UVA rays
C)medical X-rays
D)computer screens

Question 10

Which of the following statements about sun exposure is FALSE?

A)Sunburns during adulthood seem to be the most strongly associated with melanoma.
B)The risk of cancer from sun exposure for basal and squamous cell cancer is cumulative.
C)Certain regions of the world have higher risk of skin cancers due to equatorial positioning.
D)The risk of cancer from sun exposure with melanoma appears to be related to timing and number of sunburns.

Question 11

The most significant risk for most cancers is

A)age.
B)sex.
C)ethnicity.
D)family history.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding lung cancer is FALSE?

A)Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer for men and women.
B)Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.
C)For most people, symptoms of lung cancer do not appear until the disease is advanced.
D)Chest X-rays are recommended as a routine screening test for lung cancer.

Question 13

Cells that are capable of unlimited division and retain the ability to become different cell types are called

A)B cells.
B)replication cells.
C)tissue cells.
D)stem cells.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cancer is FALSE?

A)Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of cancer in the U.S.
B)Chemicals from tobacco use that are absorbed into the bloodstream increase the risk for bladder, pancreas, stomach, liver, kidney, and bone marrow cancer.
C)Tobacco use is responsible for 87 percent of all lung cancer deaths.
D)Smokers are no more likely to die from lung cancer than nonsmokers.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT trigger an initiating event?

A)a carcinogen
B)an error in duplication
C)stem cell protection
D)radiation

Question 16

What determines which type of cancer an individual is diagnosed with?

A)the tissue in which a cancer originates or the primary site
B)the type of stem cell that mutates
C)the initiating event agent
D)the location to which the cancer metastasizes

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a safety mechanism in place to help maintain cell order and decrease the chance of cancer developing in the body?

A)initiating event
B)cellular "suicide"
C)stem cell protection
D)cellular growth signals

Question 18

Mary Lou's cancer began in her skin and then spread to her liver and brain.What type of cancer does Mary Lou likely have?

A)brain
B)basal cell
C)squamous cell
D)melanoma

Question 19

Which of the following statements about reproductive behaviors' effects on cancer rates is FALSE?

A)Early onset of menarche increases risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
B)Breastfeeding decreases the risk of breast cancer.
C)Pregnancy appears to increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
D)The benefits of pregnancy, in terms of cancer rates, appear greatest if a woman has her first pregnancy before the age of 30.

Question 20

Many naturally occurring environmental exposures increase risk for cancer.Residents in many parts of North America are exposed to low levels of the radioactive gas ________ in their homes, particularly in homes with basements.

A)dioxin
B)PCB
C)nitrate
D)radon

Question 21

One of the main screening tests available for prostate cancer is the ________ test.

A)PSA
B)CBC
C)CA125
D)BRCA1

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding basal and squamous cell skin cancer is FALSE?

A)Fair skin and sun exposure increase the risk for both cancers.
B)The American Cancer Society recommends a skin exam every three years between ages 20 and 40, and annually after age 40.
C)Rates of both cancers are decreasing among younger adults.
D)Rates of squamous and basal cell carcinomas increase after age 50.

Question 23

Risk for endometrial cancer is increased by all of the following EXCEPT

A)irregular ovulation.
B)late-onset menopause.
C)having multiple sex partners.
D)estrogen.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about colon cancer is FALSE?

A)Colon cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death.
B)The signs of colon cancer do not usually occur until the cancer is fairly advanced.
C)Postmenopausal women who take estrogen therapy have a higher risk of colon cancer.
D)Aspirin has been shown to decrease the risk of colon cancer.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT among the risk factors for breast cancer?

A)late onset of menopause
B)older age
C)late onset of menarche (menstruation)
D)family history of mother with breast cancer

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a strong risk factor for ovarian cancer?

A)family history
B)use of oral contraceptive pills
C)personal history of breast, colon, or endometrial cancer
D)use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

Question 27

Which cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (excluding skin cancer)?

A)lung cancer
B)prostate cancer
C)colon cancer
D)testicular cancer

Question 28

Colon cancer screening tests include all of the following EXCEPT the

A)fecal occult blood test.
B)colon-specific antigen test.
C)flexible sigmoidoscopy.
D)colonoscopy.

Question 29

Approximately how many people living in the United States have had cancer?

A)5 million
B)9 million
C)12 million
D)14 million

Question 30

Which of the following statements regarding prostate cancer is FALSE?

A)Incidence and death rates are significantly higher among Black men than White men.
B)Warning signs include difficulty with urination, blood in the urine, and pain.
C)Most warning signs occur in the early stages of cancer.
D)The greatest risk factor is older age.

Question 31

Belinda recently completed a treatment program for breast cancer.For the last year, she took a drug treatment that worked to interfere with rapid cell division.What type of cancer treatment did Belinda undergo?

A)immunotherapy
B)gene therapy
C)radiation
D)chemotherapy

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a factor that decreases the risk for breast cancer?

A)breastfeeding
B)low fat diet
C)child bearing before age 30
D)use of hormone replacement therapy

Question 33

Recommended ways of reducing sun exposure include staying out of the sun during midday (10:00 a.m.to 4:00 p.m.), wearing protective clothing (including a hat to shade the face and neck, long sleeves, and long pants), and using sunscreen with a sun protective factor (SPF) of ________ or higher.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)45

Question 34

When evaluating skin for changes in moles, which of the following is NOT a characteristic to be concerned about?

A)border
B)color variation
C)frequency
D)diameter

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer?

A)squamous cell
B)sarcoma
C)melanoma
D)basal cell

Question 36

Which of the following statements about cancer screening tests is true?

A)Cancer screening is done when an individual shows clear symptoms of disease.
B)Screening recommendations have been outlined for all known types of cancer.
C)Cancer screening involves trying to identify the particular type of cancer that is causing the patient's symptoms.
D)Genetic screening is reserved for people whose families have multiple members with cancer.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about ovarian cancer is FALSE?

A)BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
B)A genetic predisposition is the strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer.
C)Removal of the ovaries decreases the risk of ovarian cancer.
D)Women with a genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer have about a 10 percent chance of developing ovarian cancer.

Question 38

Tanning lamps emit mostly UV radiation that is associated with signs of skin aging, such as wrinkling and sagging.In addition, which of the following skin cancers have been associated with tanning beds?

A)squamous cell and basal cell
B)only melanoma
C)melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell
D)There is no increased risk of skin cancer associated with tanning beds.

Question 39

Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk for which of the following conditions?

A)endometrial cancer
B)colon cancer
C)breast cancer
D)heart disease

Question 40

The common features of a red, scaly area with a non-healing sore describe which type of skin cancer?

A)basal cell
B)squamous cell
C)actinic keratosis
D)melanoma

Question 41

Males with a first-degree relative who has been diagnosed with colon cancer at age 40 or younger have different screening recommendations than males with no first-degree relative with colon cancer.

Question 42

The most important feature in determining how well you will do if you have been diagnosed with a certain type of cancer is whether or not the cancer has spread beyond the original site.

Question 43

For an individual cell to become a malignant line of cells, it must avoid growth control mechanisms for healthy cells.

Question 44

A genetic link has been identified that makes people more likely to become addicted to tobacco, makes it harder to quit using, and increases the risk of lung cancer.

Question 45

Late onset of menarche increases risk for breast and ovarian cancer.

Question 46

Cancer can develop in any cell type.

Question 47

Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of cancer in the United States.

Question 48

Different tissues of the body all have relatively the same risk for cancer, yet they develop different forms of cancer.

Question 49

Cancer develops from a single cell that goes awry.

Question 50

Cancer promoters directly alter a cell's DNA, creating a genetic alteration that can lead to cancer.

Question 51

A widely recognized cancer-causing infection in the United States is the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 52

Certain risk factors can predict whether or not an individual will get cancer.

Question 53

The tissue to which a cancer has metastasized determines what type of cancer it is.

Question 54

High dose radiation for cancer treatment has been shown to increase risk for breast cancer years after the treatment.

Question 55

The prognosis for most cancers is poorer once metastasis has occurred.

Question 56

Although there are two types of ultraviolet rays, only UVB rays cause skin cancer.

Question 57

Alcohol's effects in promoting cancer are amplified when alcohol and tobacco are used simultaneously.

Question 58

Diagnostic imaging by X-ray now uses the lowest doses required to obtain clear images, to prevent cancer growth years after treatment.

Question 59

The risk of cancer from sun exposure for basal cell carcinomas is cumulative, meaning the more exposure over the years, the greater your risk.

Question 60

Physical inactivity is the single most preventable cause of cancer in the United States.

Question 61

Tanning beds have been associated with basal and squamous cell cancer, but not with melanoma.

Question 62

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.

Question 63

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men.

Question 64

Finding and removing polyps prevents colon cancer from developing.

Question 65

The incidence of prostate cancer is much higher for White males than it is for Black males.

Question 66

The SPF number for sunscreen is a rating of the sun protective factor of the sunscreen.

Question 67

There are two types of lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Question 68

The most important risk factor for prostate cancer is age.

Question 69

The American Cancer Society recommends annual mammograms for women over age 40.

Question 70

The screening test with the greatest impact on cervical cancer survival is the Pap test.

Question 71

The strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer is family history.

Question 72

More White men than Black men are diagnosed with, and die from, prostate cancer.

Question 73

Prostate cancer in younger men is typically treated with surgery.

Question 74

The type of cancer that originates in the lymph system is leukemia.

Question 75

No cancer screening recommendations exist for ovarian cancers.

Question 76

Pain is usually an early sign of both cervical and endometrial cancer.

Question 77

Ovarian cancer has one of the highest survival rates of all cancer types.

Question 78

Early stages of breast cancer have either no symptoms or symptoms that may only be detected by a mammogram.

Question 79

White individuals are more than 20 times more likely to have melanoma than Black individuals.

Question 80

For most people, symptoms associated with lung cancer appear early in the disease.