Deck 13: Infectious Disease

Question 1

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for the antibody production in the acquired immunity response?

A)phagocytes
B)mast cells
C)lysozymes
D)B cells

Answer 1

B cells

Question 2

The lymphocytes that are responsible for monitoring the events that occur inside the body's cells are which type of cell?

A)A cell
B)B cell
C)P cell
D)T cell

Answer 2

T cell

Question 3

Mad cow disease is caused by what type of poorly understood microorganism?

A)prion
B)protozoa
C)bacteria
D)fungi

Answer 3

prion

Question 4

After an infection or immunization, memory cells develop and can lead to a rapid response if the same organism is encountered by the body again.The person is said to have

A)been treated.
B)innate immunity.
C)resistance.
D)immunity.

Question 5

When a tick transfers Lyme disease from a deer to a human, the tick is considered the ________ in the chain of infection.

A)host
B)vector
C)reservoir
D)infectious agent

Question 6

In the acquired immune system, helper cells do all of the following EXCEPT

A)first detect an infection.
B)alert B cells that an infection has occurred.
C)enhance B cell activity.
D)enhance the innate immune system.
E)produce antibodies.

Question 7

The acute inflammatory response is part of which immune system?

A)barrier
B)common
C)innate
D)acquired

Question 8

The term used to describe the speed and intensity with which a pathogen is likely to cause and infection is

A)immunity.
B)virulence.
C)vector.
D)susceptibility.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example from the parasite category?

A)helminths
B)ectoparasites
C)protozoa
D)fungi

Question 10

Megan suffers from candidiasis, a vaginal yeast infection.Which type of microorganism has infected Megan?

A)fungus
B)protozoa
C)virus
D)bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding bacteria and viruses is FALSE?

A)Bacteria can be found in almost all environments.
B)Viruses represent some of the smallest pathogens.
C)Bacteria may inhabit a host harmlessly.
D)Viruses are able to replicate on their own.

Question 12

The main factors believed to influence bacterial resistance are

A)poor hand washing, and frequency of resistance genes among bacteria.
B)the rate of bacteria growth, and poor hand washing practices.
C)overuse of antibiotics and human evolutionary changes.
D)the frequency of resistance genes among bacteria, and antibiotic overuse.

Question 13

The lymphocytes that monitor blood and tissue fluids are which type of cell?

A)A cell
B)B cell
C)P cell
D)T cell

Question 14

All of the following are chemical barriers involved in immunity EXCEPT

A)the skin.
B)saliva.
C)stomach acid.
D)bile.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is FALSE?

A)Antibiotic use is not a factor in antibiotic resistance.
B)Bacteria can only pass resistant genes on to their progeny.
C)Resistant genes arise naturally in bacteria.
D)Bacteria can share resistant genes with other bacteria.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE?

A)Prions appear to be made entirely of protein.
B)Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
C)Bacteria can normally be found in humans.
D)Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans.

Question 17

Which of the following is the pneumonia-type illness that surfaced in February 2003 in China and caused an epidemic scare?

A)tuberculosis
B)severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
C)hepatitis C
D)West Nile virus

Question 18

Tapeworms belong to which category of organisms involved in human infection and disease?

A)helminths
B)prion
C)ectoparasite
D)protozoa

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C is FALSE?

A)Hepatitis B and C cause inflammation of the liver.
B)A vaccine is currently available to prevent hepatitis C.
C)Transmission of hepatitis C requires introduction directly into the bloodstream.
D)Hepatitis B can be transmitted by sexual intercourse.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier against infection?

A)lysozyme
B)cilia
C)nasal hairs
D)skin

Question 21

What is the most common infectious disease worldwide?

A)HIV
B)hepatitis C
C)tuberculosis
D)human papillomavirus

Question 22

Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus is FALSE?

A)HIV is spread by the exchange of infected body fluids.
B)HIV is a retrovirus.
C)The virus first attacks an individual's immune system.
D)An infected person remains symptomatic after the viral load set point is established.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT among the steps you should take to protect yourself from infectious diseases?

A)Get an annual flu shot and booster vaccines.
B)Use antibiotics frequently.
C)Avoid touching your face or mouth.
D)Manage stress.

Question 24

When B cells encounter a specific antigen, they mature to become cells that produce antibodies for that antigen.

Question 25

Vaccination exposes the body to antigens from infectious agents so that if a person is exposed to the real organism, he or she will be less likely to develop serious disease.

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding perinatal transmission of HIV?

A)Women in the United States and Canada are not routinely offered HIV testing during pregnancy, but they should request it if they feel they are at risk.
B)Breast feeding is not a risk for HIV transmission, and women with HIV infection in the United States and Canada are encouraged to breast feed.
C)The risk of transmission from mother to child can be significantly reduced by the use of antiretroviral medication during pregnancy and delivery.
D)The risk of perinatal HIV transmission only occurs at the time of delivery.

Question 27

Common examples of pathogens are pollen and animal hair.

Question 28

Frederico has painful sores on his penis.Which sexually transmitted disease does Frederico most likely have?

A)herpes simplex
B)gonorrhea
C)hepatitis C
D)chlamydia

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?

A)Urbanization and swelling cities have contributed to the spread of tuberculosis.
B)Treatment for tuberculosis that is not drug-resistant requires six to nine months of medication.
C)Resistant tuberculosis is becoming a concern worldwide.
D)People with HIV infection have no greater risk than the general population for active tuberculosis.

Question 30

Phagocytes, cells involved in the innate immune system, digest damaged cells, foreign particles, and bacteria.

Question 31

The most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States is

A)hepatitis C.
B)chlamydia.
C)the human papillomavirus (HPV).
D)the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
E)gonorrhea.

Question 32

Allergic reactions occur when the same process that helps protect against infection is directed toward a noninfectious agent.

Question 33

Hepatitis C most severely affects which area of the body?

A)heart
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)small intestine

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea and chlamydia is FALSE?

A)The highest rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia infection are found in men and women aged 15 to 24 years.
B)Women with either infection are usually asymptomatic.
C)Antibiotics are available for treatment.
D)Most men with chlamydia infection will have symptoms.

Question 35

Which of the following situations has NOT been shown to transmit HIV between individuals?

A)oral intercourse
B)anal intercourse
C)vaginal intercourse
D)casual contact, such as holding hands or hugging

Question 36

Viruses are able to replicate and multiply on their own.

Question 37

The skin is the first line of defense against infection.

Question 38

A safe and effective vaccine is available for which of the following sexually transmitted diseases?

A)human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
B)syphilis
C)chlamydia
D)hepatitis B

Question 39

The body excretes lysozyme to decrease the chance of infection by bacteria entering through skin pores and hair follicles.

Question 40

Which of the following is one of the ABCDs of STD prevention?

A)Avoid unfamiliar people.
B)Begin using condoms within the first year of having intercourse.
C)Change sheets frequently.
D)Promote detection of STDs.

Question 41

Fifty percent of antibiotics prescribed in U.S.clinics are believed to be unnecessary.

Question 42

Less than 100 organisms are associated with food-related illnesses.

Question 43

Frequent use of antibiotics is not related to the development of resistant bacteria.

Question 44

Current practice calls for all sexually active women to receive regular Pap tests to screen for cervical cancer.

Question 45

Once an individual contracts herpes simplex virus (HSV), he or she is infected for life.

Question 46

The widespread distribution of food decreases the risk of contaminated food reaching a large number of people.

Question 47

Most new cases of hepatitis C are associated with blood transfusions.

Question 48

Recent sexual activity is one risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection.

Question 49

Some people oppose vaccinations because they believe the risks associated with the vaccines themselves are too great.

Question 50

Cases of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been associated with receiving tattoos.

Question 51

Drug resistant tuberculosis is a serious concern among at-risk populations.

Question 52

Serious reactions to major vaccinations are surprisingly common.

Question 53

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C is relatively common.

Question 54

Hepatitis B vaccinations are not recommended for children.

Question 55

There have been two reported cases in the United States where the HIV virus was transmitted via casual contact, such as sharing bathrooms and kitchens, or hugging.

Question 56

There are four types of human papillomavirus (HPV), each with different effects.

Question 57

Worldwide, the four leading infectious disease causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Question 58

The risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases increases proportionally with your number of sexual partners.

Question 59

Travelers need to be alert to infectious diseases they may encounter that do not occur in their home country.

Question 60

Gonorrhea is usually asymptomatic in men.

Question 61

The body's initial reaction to tissue damage is a(n) ________, a series of changes that increase the flow of blood to the site.

Question 62

The term ________ was coined as a shortened form of proteinaceous infectious particles-infectious agents believed to be made entirely of proteins.

Question 63

In the chain of infection, the ________ is a place where a larger pool of infectious organisms survive or live in a community.

Question 64

________ is a common bacterium in the colon (large intestine) that aids in digestion; if it enters the bladder, however, it causes infection.

Question 65

The ability that a person has from birth to fight infection is ________ immunity, consisting of physical barriers, chemical barriers, and internal elements.

Question 66

Single-celled organisms called ________ can be found in almost all environments and can inhabit the human body harmlessly or helpfully.

Question 67

A(n) ________, consisting of a piece of DNA or RNA and a protein coat, is a microorganism that requires the use of another organism's cells to grow and divide.

Question 68

The chain of infection involves six general concepts.The ________ is an organism or person in which an infectious agent lives.

Question 69

When bacteria inhabit a host harmlessly, or even helpfully, they are considered to be part of the ________.

Question 70

If a microorganism causes an illness in a human, then the organism is called an infectious agent, or ________.

Question 71

A pathogen's ________ is the speed and intensity with which it is likely to cause an infection.

Question 72

A disease or condition caused by a microorganism is a(n) ________.

Question 73

By being vigilant and taking steps to reduce the spread of disease, we can eliminate infectious diseases within the next few decades.

Question 74

The ________ is a system of cells and chemicals in the body that recognizes invading organisms and substances and works to get rid of them or make them harmless.

Question 75

In the chain of infection, the ________, or pathogen, is a microorganism that is capable of causing disease or illness when it gets on or inside of a host or person.

Question 76

Burns or cuts reduce the integrity of the skin and reduce the effectiveness of ________ to infection.

Question 77

The first cellular line of defense against foreign invaders, ________ are white blood cells that ingest substances, including cells and viruses, that have been marked as foreign by the body defenses or are missing markers that identify them as belonging to the body.

Question 78

The body's initial reaction to damage is the acute ________ response, a series of changes that help fight infection.

Question 79

You can pick up germs by touching doorknobs, counters, and other objects.

Question 80

In the chain of infection, the ________ is the animal or insect that transmits a pathogen to a new host.