Deck 4: Sleep

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an effect of sleep deprivation?

A)lowered anger threshold
B)lowered blood sugar
C)nervousness
D)reduced motivation

Answer 1

lowered blood sugar

Question 2

Stage _____ of NREM sleep represents the beginning of actual sleep.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Answer 2

2

Question 3

The pituitary gland releases

A)epinephrine, which increases relaxation and sleepiness.
B)growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.
C)melatonin, which interacts with stimulants such as caffeine to increase alertness.
D)a chemical similar to zoldipem, a drug sold under the trade name Ambien.

Answer 3

growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.

Question 4

All of the following are causes of insomnia in adult women, EXCEPT

A)premenstrual syndrome.
B)bulky soft tissue in the neck and throat.
C)menopausal hot flashes.
D)effects of pregnancy.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about human sleep cycles is true?

A)After each successive cycle, time spent in REM sleep decreases by half.
B)Typically, an individual experiences four to five sleep cycles each night.
C)The sleep cycle pattern is consistent for an individual across the lifespan.
D)The time spent in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep increases in the later sleep cycles.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about sleepwalking disorder is true?

A)There is no genetic link to sleepwalking.
B)Sleepwalking episodes rarely last less than 10 minutes.
C)Sleepwalkers do not respond to other people while sleepwalking.
D)Sleepwalking may be brought on by excessive sleep deprivation, fatigue, stress, illness, or sedatives.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the association between sleep and health is FALSE?

A)Natural immune system moderators increase during deep sleep to promote resistance to viral infections.
B)Growth and repair of the body's tissues occurs during sleep, which helps to prevent certain types of cancer.
C)Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are associated with heart attacks, asthma, and obesity.
D)Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding sleep apnea is FALSE?

A)In central sleep apnea, the brain does not correctly regulate the diaphragm and other breathing mechanisms.
B)Death may occur during sleep as a result of sleep apnea.
C)Sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and accidents.
D)Sleep apnea is characterized by continuous snoring.
E)Obesity increases the risk for sleep apnea.

Question 9

At which stage of NREM sleep will you feel most groggy if you are suddenly awakened from it?

A)stage 1
B)stage 2
C)stage 3
D)stage 4

Question 10

Zach often wakes up in the morning and finds his refrigerator empty and wonders where all of the food went.He may have which sleep disorder?

A)sleep apnea
B)nocturnal eating disorder
C)night eating syndrome
D)REM behavior disorder

Question 11

Dave lies in bed for a full hour each night before falling asleep and then proceeds to wake up multiple times throughout the night.He most likely has what sleep disorder?

A)sleep apnea
B)night terrors
C)insomnia
D)night eating syndrome

Question 12

The human brain cycles into two main states of sleep.They are

A)beta brain waves and alpha brain waves.
B)shallow sleep and deep sleep.
C)NREM sleep and REM sleep.
D)stage 1 sleep and stage 2 sleep.

Question 13

Molly often awakes snorting and gasping for air in the middle of the night.Molly most likely has what sleep disorder?

A)insomnia
B)narcolepsy
C)night eating syndrome
D)sleep apnea

Question 14

The suprachiasmic nuclei

A)report changes in light levels during the day and night to the optic nerve.
B)release growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.
C)are located in the brain stem.
D)control falling asleep and awakening.

Question 15

Sleep disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A)REM behavior disorder.
B)sleep apnea.
C)insomnia.
D)sleepwalking.

Question 16

Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep ________ in the evening and to wake up ________ in the morning than older adults.

A)earlier; later
B)later; earlier
C)later; later
D)earlier; earlier

Question 17

Which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

A)Lanny-alcoholic, five pounds overweight, snores, age 35
B)Julie-avoids alcohol and smoke, 50 pounds overweight, age 42
C)Don-smoker, 40 pounds overweight, sleeps on back, age 50
D)Jean-alcoholic, 40 pounds overweight, sleeps on back, age 35
E)Thad-thyroid disease, physically fit, age 28

Question 18

Light alerts the biological clock to slow down the secretion of which hormone that promotes sleep?

A)epinephrine
B)corticoids
C)progesterone
D)melatonin

Question 19

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is TRUE?

A)While dreaming, eyes may dart around as if watching a dream unfold.
B)Dreams occur only in REM sleep.
C)The diaphragm, nasal membranes, and erectile tissue cannot move during dreams because of loss of muscle tone.
D)Time spent in REM sleep decreases later in the sleep cycle.

Question 20

Scientists believe that creative and novel ideas are more likely to flourish during which state of sleep?

A)NREM sleep
B)REM sleep
C)stage 3 or 4 sleep
D)slow-wave sleep

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT help create a sleep-friendly environment?

A)choosing a pillow that is properly aligned with your cervical spine and of the correct thickness for your preferred sleep position
B)ensuring variety in bedtime rituals, keeping your mind engaged long enough for sleep to take hold
C)keeping the room's temperature within your specific comfort zone, generally somewhere below 75 ^$\circ$ F and above 54 ^$\circ$ F
D)noise reduction, or the use of white noise

Question 22

Which of the following statements about prescription sleep medication is true?

A)The National Sleep Foundation considers imidazopyridines the best prescriptive sleeping aid.
B)Sleep experts agree that today's sleep medications at higher doses are not addictive.
C)Most sleep medications prescribed today are barbiturates.
D)Imidazopyridines are safe to use over a long period without physician consultation.

Question 23

Sleeping one hour less than your body needs each night for a week feels to your body like staying up all night.

Question 24

A well-rested person will fall asleep as soon as his or her head hits the pillow at night, and a sleep deprived person will need 15 to 20 minutes to fall asleep.

Question 25

Melatonin is naturally secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness; it lowers body temperature and causes drowsiness.

Question 26

Attempting to cancel out sleep debt by sleeping longer on the weekend is a viable solution to decreasing weekday sleep deprivation.

Question 27

Some experts believe increased sleep problems in older individuals are more the result of changes in diet, lack of exercise, decreased mental stimulation, daytime naps, and early bed times rather than physical or medical changes.

Question 28

With advancing age, people may experience a reduction of slow-wave sleep, increased stage 1 sleep, and reduction of total REM sleep.

Question 29

Memory can be impaired by missing the REM sleep periods that come later in the sleep cycle.

Question 30

Although dreams may occur in all stages of sleep, they generally happen in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the effects of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine on sleep is FALSE?

A)A single cup of coffee may double the amount of time it takes an average adult to fall asleep.
B)Alcohol has been shown to reduce the amount of time it takes to fall asleep.
C)People who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day have been shown to sleep more deeply than nonsmokers.
D)Poorer sleep and restlessness occur later in the night as a result of alcohol.

Question 32

Usually, a Multiple Sleep Latency Test

A)involves monitoring your sleeping habits at home.
B)records information such as the times you go to bed and awaken, and what you consume in the evening.
C)measures how long it takes you to fall asleep.
D)is repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic.

Question 33

Typically, an individual experiences one sleep cycle each night.

Question 34

When dreaming, an individual has periods of no muscle tone or movement, except for eyes, diaphragm, nasal membranes, and erectile tissue.

Question 35

Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep later in the evening and to wake up earlier in the morning than older adults.

Question 36

If a person is awakened during stage 1 of NREM sleep, he or she will often deny having been asleep.

Question 37

Restoration and growth take place during the deepest sleep stages.

Question 38

The structure of sleep is essentially the same for men and women.

Question 39

Over the course of a night, an individual spends more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

Question 40

Most of an individual's deep sleep takes place in the first third of the night.

Question 41

Light alerts the biological clock to cease secreting ________, a hormone that promotes sleep.

Question 42

The type of sleep referred to as ________ eye movement sleep occupies 75 percent of sleep time and involves a four-stage sleep process that cycles throughout the night.

Question 43

Most people suffering from sleepwalking disorder do not have a family history of this disorder.

Question 44

Bed mattresses should be replaced every three to four years.

Question 45

One should avoid eating heavy meals within three hours of bedtime, particularly meals with high fat content.

Question 46

Sleep ________ is the difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount of sleep needed in order to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime.

Question 47

The daily 24-hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning is called the ________ rhythm.

Question 48

Sleep of shorter duration than the average basal need of 7 to 8 hours is called sleep ________.

Question 49

Stage ________ NREM sleep is a transitional, light sleep-a relaxed half-awake stage.

Question 50

If you have a hard time falling asleep, a good strategy is to make yourself stay in bed as long as it takes you to fall asleep.

Question 51

Sleeping on one's back reduces the symptoms of sleep apnea.

Question 52

An individual napping more than 45 minutes will be less groggy than an individual napping 15-45 minutes.

Question 53

Research has shown that people sleeping in an upright position have sleep that is poor in quality compared to those who sleep in a horizontal position.

Question 54

Vigorous exercise just before sleep raises an individual's core body temperature and induces drowsiness and deeper sleep.

Question 55

The time you spend in NREM sleep is divided into ________ distinct stages.

Question 56

Obstructive sleep apnea is more rare than central sleep apnea.

Question 57

Women are more at risk than men are for developing sleep apnea.

Question 58

In a poll by the National Sleep Foundation, slightly less than 20 percent of adults reported experiencing one or more symptoms of insomnia at least a few nights a week.

Question 59

Chronic insomnia is usually rather simple to treat.

Question 60

Nicotine from tobacco is a stimulant that can enhance sleep.

Question 61

A series of sleep ________ tests measures of the number of minutes it takes a person to fall asleep and can help an individual evaluate sleep habits to determine whether to consult a sleep center laboratory for a more thorough analysis.

Question 62

Because alcohol is a depressant, it prevents REM from occurring until most of it has been absorbed.After absorption, vivid dreams are more likely.Sleep experts call this the alcohol ________ effect.

Question 63

Usually ranging from two to three hours, ________ naps are recommended when an individual knows he or she will be going to bed later than usual.

Question 64

A new technique to treat sleep apnea, called ________, involves shrinking tissue in the back of the throat with radio-frequency energy.

Question 65

The increase in the length and frequency of REM sleep episodes that are experienced when a person sleeps for a longer time after a period of sleep deprivation is called the REM ________ effect.

Question 66

In ________ eating disorder, a person rises from bed during the night and eats and drinks while asleep.

Question 67

Abruptly stopping the use of over-the-counter sleep products that contain antihistamines may cause ________ insomnia, which is worse than the insomnia experienced before the medication was taken.

Question 68

The drug zolpidem, sold under the trade name ________, is the best-selling prescription sleep aid in the U.S., but it has been associated with some disturbing side effects.

Question 69

The disorder called ________ is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep or by seriously disturbed sleep.

Question 70

Sleep ________ is a condition characterized by nonbreathing periods during sleep.

Question 71

Severe sleep apnea can be treated with ________ positive airway pressure, in which a small, comfortable mask is fitted over the nose to hold the air passage open, and slightly pressurized air is gently blown into the patient's nose.

Question 72

Having an irregular sleep schedule, as most students do, can disrupt sleep and throw off your internal ________ clock.

Question 73

In a newly identified sleep disorder called ________, affected people are awake when they eat.They binge eat late at night, have difficulty falling asleep, repeatedly awaken during the night and eat again, and then eat very little the next day.

Question 74

If it is not to possible to eliminate noise, ________ noise, a monotonous and unchanging sound such as that of an air conditioner or fan, might be effective in protecting sleep.

Question 75

People with ________ disorder will rise out of an apparent deep sleep and act as if they were awake.

Question 76

The more common type of sleep apnea is ________ sleep apnea.

Question 77

Scientists have distinguished two main types of sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea and ________ sleep apnea.

Question 78

A sleep ________ can be used at home to monitor sleeping habits, including the times you go to bed, awaken during the night, and wake up in the morning.

Question 79

Common sleep ________ include insomnia, sleep apnea, and sleep walking.

Question 80

Sleep ________ repeat themselves about every 90 to 110 minutes.