Deck 2: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

The legal concept of allowing the state to "act in place of the parents" is called ________.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)Divine Right of Kings
D)in loco parentis
E)ex Parte Crouse

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A group of progressive reformers in the late 1800s who were responsible for the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States were called _____________.

A)Mothers Against Crime
B)The Child Savers
C)The Progressives
D)The Welfare Women
E)The Angles of Mercy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ___________________ was the first legislation in the United States to specifically provide for a separate system of juvenile justice.

A)The Child Savers Act
B)The Reformatory Act
C)The Juvenile Justice Act of 1901
D)The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899
E)The Juvenile Delinquency Act of 1891

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The author of Oliver Twist is ___________________.

A)William Shakespeare
B)James Joyce
C)Charles Dickens
D)Helen Savage
E)Christopher Marlow

Question 5

The first jail in the United States that separated inmates and sought to reform their behavior rather than just punish them was __________.

A)the Boston Juvenile House
B)the New York Home for Boys
C)the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia
D)the Western Penitentiary in Pittsburgh
E)the Elmira Reformatory

Question 6

Before the 20^th Century, juveniles were essentially _____________ or property.

A)chattel
B)children in need of supervision
C)indentured servants
D)cattle
E)little people

Question 7

The idea that juvenile correctional ranches, camps, and outdoor programs can cure juvenile delinquents is based on ______________.

A)traditional agrarian values
B)the farm effect
C)the separation hypothesis
D)better living though farming
E)the "good life"

Question 8

The legal acceptance of parens patriae was established in the case of _____________.

A)In re Gault
B)Ex Parte Crouse
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)In re T.Sawyer
E)Pennsylvania v.Quakers

Question 9

According to this text, the legal term for property is __________________.

A)juvenile
B)parens patriae
C)assets
D)chattel
E)ownership

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the three periods of juvenile justice history?

A)the traditional period
B)the due process revolution
C)the punitive model
D)the legalistic model

Question 11

A law passed by Congress in 1996 that embraces the punitive and accountability assumptions advocated in the late 1970s and 1980s was called _____________.

A)The Balanced Juvenile Justice and Crime Prevention Act
B)The Reformatory Act
C)The Juvenile Justice Act of 1901
D)The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899
E)The Juvenile Delinquency Act of 1891

Question 12

A religious group in early America who believed that through hard work, religion, and education a person could get closer to God was called ____________.

A)the Buddhists
B)the Baptists
C)the Puritans
D)the Republicans
E)the Muslims

Question 13

The first reform school for boys was _____________________.

A)The Lyman School for Boys
B)The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism House of Refuge
C)The Elmira Reformatory
D)The Chicago House of Refuge
E)The Davenport Boys Home

Question 14

During the 1960s which Supreme Court Justice said that the juvenile often receives "the worst of both worlds"?

A)Thurgood Marshall
B)Earl Warren
C)Abe Fortas
D)William Douglas
E)Sandra Day O'Conner

Question 15

In 1899, the first formal juvenile court was open in _________________.

A)New York, New York
B)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
C)Chicago, Illinois (Cook County)
D)Los Angeles, California
E)London, England

Question 16

The practice of selling children into service to a business person or wealthy person was called ___________.

A)slavery
B)involuntary servitude
C)the caste system
D)the estate system
E)the trading system

Question 17

The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism focused on the plight of ____________.

A)unwed mothers
B)dirty, foul-mouthed children who thronged the city streets and subsisted on picking pockets
C)unemployment during the depression
D)black migration from the south to the north as a cause of poverty
E)dead beat dads

Question 18

Mens rea means _______________.

A)the guilty act
B)the criminal act
C)the guilty mind
D)the criminal evidence
E)the law of evidence

Question 19

The first American penal institution to address juvenile issues specifically was ________.

A)the Boston Juvenile House
B)the New York Home for Boys
C)the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia
D)the Western Penitentiary in Pittsburgh
E)the Elmira Reformatory

Question 20

The juvenile court system in the U.S.has been in existence since _________.

A)1776
B)1791
C)1899
D)1941
E)1960

Question 21

The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism focused on the plight of dirty, foul-mouthed children who thronged the city streets and subsisted on picking pockets.

Question 22

During which period of juvenile justice history did passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 occur?

A)Traditional
B)Due Process
C)Punitive
D)Legalistic

Question 23

The court has ruled, "The right of parental control is a natural, but not an inalienable one."

Question 24

During the colonial era in the United States, parents were free to sell their children into slavery.

Question 25

The juvenile court system started in the United States in New York in 1844.

Question 26

At the center of the teaching of the houses of refuge was the belief that humans were inherently evil and must be taught to be good.

Question 27

The State does not have the right to take away parental custody of children even when it is in the best interest of the child.

Question 28

The idea that juvenile correctional ranches, camps, and outdoor programs can cure juvenile delinquents is based on traditional agrarian values.

Question 29

Offenders cannot be rehabilitated; instead they commit more and more crimes.

Question 30

The first American penal institution to address juvenile issues specifically was the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia

Question 31

The first documented case where the concept of parens patriae was questioned in a legal setting in the United States was the case of Ex Parte Crouse.

Question 32

Chief Justice Earl Warren, in writing about juveniles, said that juvenile often have "the worst of both worlds."

Question 33

The practice of selling children into service to a business person or wealthy person was called the estate system.

Question 34

During which period of juvenile justice history did the use of determinate sentences for juveniles occur?

A)Traditional
B)Due Process
C)Punitive
D)Legalistic

Question 35

National trends indicate that juvenile justice systems are growing more formal, restrictive, and punitive.

Question 36

A religious group in early America who believed that through hard work, religion, and education a person could get closer to God was called the Puritans.

Question 37

The author of Oliver Twist is William Shakespeare.

Question 38

During which period of juvenile justice history did children begin to be defined as persons with associated rights and protections?

A)Traditional
B)Due Process
C)Punitive
D)Legalistic

Question 39

Juveniles have always had the same rights in delinquency proceedings as adults have had in criminal proceedings.

Question 40

Before the 20^th Century, juveniles were essentially chattel or property.

Question 41

Explain the punitive model of juvenile justice from the 1980s until today.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the three periods of juvenile justice history in terms of the function of the system and the view toward juvenile offenders.

Question 43

What was the Balanced Juvenile Justice and Crime Prevention Act?

Question 44

Explain the concept of parens patriae and in loco parentis.

Question 45

Historically, how were juveniles treated before the juvenile justice system was created?

Question 46

Explain how the best interest of the child versus the best interest of society clash within the juvenile justice system.

Question 47

What are the differing opinions given as to why the juvenile justice system was created in the United States?

Question 48

The juvenile justice system continues to give juveniles lighter and lighter sentences for their crimes.

Question 49

What is Anthony Platt's alternative view of the juvenile court and the child savers?

Question 50

What is the significance of the case of Ex Parte Crouse?

Question 51

Juvenile crime, like other forms of crime, increased dramatically during the Clinton Administration.

Question 52

Who were the Child Savers and what role did they play in the development of the juvenile justice system?

Question 53

What was the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?

Question 54

Describe the difference between the determinate sentence and the indeterminate sentence as it relates to juveniles.

Question 55

Explain the traditional model of juvenile justice from 1899 to 1960.

Question 56

Explain the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act.

Question 57

Do you think we need a separate court for juveniles accused of delinquency? Why or why not?

Question 58

Mens rea means the guilty mind.

Question 59

Explain the due process model of juvenile justice from the 1960s to the 1980s.