Deck 23: The Parasites of Medical Importance

Question 1

The large intestines of pigs are the primary reservoir of the pathogen that causes

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Trichomonas vaginalis

A)does not produce cysts.
B)causes urethritis in males.
C)causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge in females.
D)has four flagella and an undulating membrane.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, except

A)cryptosporidiosis.
B)cyclosporiasis.
C)babesiosis.
D)balantidiasis.
E)giardiasis.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 5

Chagas'disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard-bodied tick.

Question 6

African sleeping sickness is caused by

A)Trypanosoma cruzi.
B)Trypanosoma brucei.
C)Leishmania brasiliensis.
D)Isospora belli.
E)Plasmodium falciparum.

Question 7

Which of the following has four pairs of flagella?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 8

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by

A)ingestion of cysts of the pathogen.
B)contaminated food.
C)contaminated water.
D)sexual contact.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48 to 72 hour episodes in a malaria patient are

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.
D)chills, fever, and sweating.
E)sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Question 10

Human asymptomatic carriers are common in

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)elephantiasis.
D)trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and malaria.

Question 11

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics, except

A)they are multicellular animals.
B)they have a definitive host where the adult form lives.
C)they have developmental forms that include cysts.
D)they include roundworms.
E)they include tapeworms.

Question 12

Which of the following is an apicomplexan parasite?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 13

Amebiasis symptoms include

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.
D)chills, fever, and sweating.
E)sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Question 14

Amebiasis is a disease of the

A)conjunctiva of the eye.
B)brain and meninges.
C)intestines and often the liver.
D)lung tissue.
E)skin.

Question 15

Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission?

A)toxoplasmosis
B)trichomoniasis
C)giardiasis
D)malaria
E)balantidiasis

Question 16

Acanthamoeba differs from Naegleria fowleri in that only Acanthamoeba

A)is a free-living ameba of freshwaters.
B)enters typically through broken skin or the conjunctiva.
C)is the cause of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)enters through the nasal mucosa.
E)is acquired by swimming in contaminated water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a sexually-transmitted disease?

A)toxoplasmosis
B)trichomoniasis
C)giardiasis
D)malaria
E)balantidiasis

Question 18

Giardiasis involves

A)a protozoan that does not form cysts.
B)infection of the large intestine.
C)symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea.
D)vector transmission.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.
D)chills, fever, and sweating.
E)sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Question 20

Diseases transmitted by vectors include

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis.

Question 21

The parasitic disease, caused by an apicomplexan that involves infected cats in its life cycle is

A)cryptosporidiosis.
B)cyclosporiasis.
C)babesiosis.
D)toxoplasmosis.

Question 22

Which is mismatched?

A)whipworm - trematode
B)pinworm - nematode
C)threadworm - nematode
D)fluke - trematode
E)tapeworm - cestode

Question 23

All of the following pertain to tapeworms, except the

A)scolex is the attachment organ.
B)strobila is made up of proglottids.
C)proglottids are reproductive segments.
D)cysticerci are young infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
E)one proglottid segment will have either female or male reproductive organs.

Question 24

Strongyloides stercoralis

A)is a tapeworm.
B)is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine.
C)rarely causes chronic infection.
D)can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

Which apicomplexan has caused outbreaks, associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries, and also fresh greens and drinking water?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)babesiosis
D)toxoplasmosis

Question 26

The large, fully formed developmental stage of a hemoflagellate is called the

A)epimastigote.
B)amastigote.
C)trypomastigote.
D)promastigote.

Question 27

Transmission of the pathogen of leishmaniasis is by the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard-bodied tick.

Question 28

Hookworms

A)include Necator americanus.
B)include Ancylostoma duodenale.
C)have filariform larvae in soil that invade by penetrating bare feet.
D)have oral cutting plates by which they anchor to the intestines.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 29

Trichinellosis includes all the following, except

A)humans are infected by ingesting encysted larvae.
B)infection is associated with ingestion of undercooked pork or bear meat.
C)the larvae migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues.
D)the first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Schistosomiasis involves

A)a blood fluke.
B)a life cycle stage which continues when eggs from humans enter water and develop into miracidia.
C)snails which enable development of the parasite into cercaria.
D)cercariae which penetrate hair follicles and pass to the blood and then the liver.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 31

Which is incorrect about malaria?

A)Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells.
B)Trophozoites develop in RBCs.
C)The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites.
D)Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human.

Question 32

Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except

A)ingesting pseudocysts from contaminated raw or undercooked meat.
B)ingesting or inhaling oocysts from infected cats or cat feces.
C)tachyzoites can cross the placenta.
D)immunocompromised patients often develop a fatal, disseminated infection.
E)intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues.

Question 33

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include

A)headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
B)a circular rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the extremities.
C)loss of hair.
D)a red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer.

Question 34

Which was the first disease found to be due to a protozoan that is introduced to humans by the bite of a hard body tick?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)babesiosis
C)toxoplasmosis

Question 35

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard-bodied tick.

Question 36

Fasciola hepatica is a

A)lung fluke.
B)blood fluke.
C)liver fluke.
D)roundworm.
E)filarial worm.

Question 37

Ascaris lumbricoides

A)is an intestinal roundworm.
B)spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food.
C)larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines.
D)larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 38

River blindness is

A)caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
B)a disease in which worms can invade the eyes.
C)caused by a blood fluke.
D)transmitted by mosquito vector.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 39

Elephantiasis includes all the following, except

A)it is caused by filarial nematodes.
B)the parasitic helminth is transmitted by black fly vectors.
C)larval infestation causes blockage of main lymphatic channels.
D)severe edema occurs in the extremities and scrotum.
E)microfilariae are in the blood.

Question 40

Enterobius vermicularis is

A)a whipworm.
B)common only to the tropics and subtropics.
C)an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.
D)often fatal in heavy infestations.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 41

Chagas'disease is treated with chloroquine.

Question 42

Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Question 43

Which of the following is not an effective way to minimize human contact with parasitic helminths?

A)freezing foods
B)thoroughly cooking foods
C)proper sewage disposal
D)avoiding human feces as fertilizer
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 44

Loa Loa is an intestinal roundworm transmitted by contaminated food.

Question 45

A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection.

Question 46

Only feces from humans that contaminates food and water can be involved in transmission of amebiasis.

Question 47

Hermaphroditic helminth species have separate male and female worms.

Question 48

Which of the following relationships is mismatched?

A)T.brucei gambiense and Gambian sleeping sickness
B)T.brucei rhodesiense and West African sleeping sickness
C)tsetse fly and African sleeping sickness
D)Taenia solium and swine
E)black flies and Onchocera volvulus

Question 49

Which is mismatched?

A)Diphyllobothrium latum - fish
B)Taenia solium - pork
C)Taenia saginata - beef
D)Echinococcus granulosus - poultry
E)Anisakis - fish

Question 50

Which is not correct about kala azar?

A)It is fatal in untreated cases.
B)Chemotherapy with chloroquine is usually effective.
C)Death is partly due to anemia, destruction of blood-forming tissues, and secondary infections.
D)It is transmitted by the sand fly.
E)It is a form of leishmaniasis.

Question 51

Hookworms and threadworms usually enter the body by penetrating into the skin.

Question 52

Trichinella spiralis is a/an _________ that invades the __________.

A)roundworm; intestine and muscle
B)ameba; intestine
C)flagellate; large intestine
D)flatworm; heart
E)tapeworm; lungs

Question 53

All of the following will kill Giardia, except

A)boiling.
B)ozone.
C)filtration through a 1 micron filter.
D)chlorine in typical drinking water.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 54

Pregnant women should never change cat litter due to the risk of contracting

A)toxoplasmosis.
B)malaria.
C)trypanosomiasis.
D)amebic dysentery.
E)Chagas'disease.

Question 55

Which is not correct about trichinellosis?

A)It can be transmitted by eating undercooked pork.
B)It can be transmitted by eating bear meat.
C)Numerous cases occur each year in the United States.
D)The first symptoms mimic influenza.
E)A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscles.

Question 56

Which parasite is carried by Cyclops, an arthropod commonly found in still water?

A)Schistosoma mansoni
B)Dracunculus medinesis
C)Fasciola hepatica
D)Taenia saginata
E)Toxoplasma gondii

Question 57

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates.

Question 58

In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection.

Question 59

The larval forms of certain Taenia species, which typically infest muscles of mammalian intermediate hosts are also called

A)proglottids.
B)merozoites.
C)cysticerci.
D)amastigotes.
E)eggs.

Question 60

The form lacking a free flagellum in the developmental stage of a hemoflagellate is called the

A)epimastigote.
B)amastigote.
C)trypomastigote.
D)promastigote.

Question 61

Trypanosoma and Leishmania are called _____ because they often live in the blood and tissues of their hosts.

Question 62

While on a backpacking trip in Maine, Julie and her friends obtained their drinking water from several different pristine streams, adding one or two drops of bleach to ensure its safety.Several days later Julie began experiencing abdominal distress, specifically cramping, fatty diarrhea, and flatulence.When it didn't clear up within several days, Julie visited her doctor.Which of the following would be the most likely cause of Julie's symptoms?

A)Entamoeba histolytica
B)Giardia intestinalis
C)E.coli O157:H7
D)Schistosoma mansoni
E)Toxoplasma gondii

Question 63

Control of _____ revolves around mosquito control and methods to prevent human-mosquito contact.

Question 64

Recent strategies for control and containing the spread of river blindness include

A)antibiotics to inhibit bacterial endosymbionts within Onchocerca volvulus.
B)antihelmintic drugs such as ivermectin to destroy the larval worms.
C)antiprotozoan drugs such as metronidazole.
D)insecticides to decrease the blackfly population.
E)filtering water through nylon sieves to remove Cyclops.

Question 65

The active, feeding form of a protozoan is called the _____.

Question 66

The most deadly form of systemic leishmaniasis is called _____.

Question 67

Discuss the life cycle of one of the roundworms including: a) developmental forms and corresponding hosts, b) transmission, c) human disease and symptoms, d) treatment, and e) prevention.

Question 68

An amoeba trophozoite with visible ingested RBCs that is seen in a microscopic examination of a fecal smear would likely be the pathogen _____.

Question 69

What specific challenge does Trypanosoma brucei present to the immune system?

A)It frequently changes its antigens, staying one step ahead of the host's antibody response.
B)It specifically attacks B-lymphocytes preventing activation and antibody production.
C)It specifically attacks T-lymphocytes preventing their activation and crippling the cell-mediated immune response.
D)Its antigens are not recognized by B and T-lymphocytes so these host defense cells don't respond to the infection.

Question 70

Adam, a once active normal three-year old boy, was experiencing increasing bouts of lethargy and began to regress developmentally.His mother scheduled an appointment with his pediatrician, who ordered a number of different blood tests.The most notable blood test result that piqued the physician's interest was a pronounced eosinophilia.Which of the following would be most likely to cause this abnormality?

A)infection with Giardia intestinalis
B)infection with a parasitic helminth
C)malaria
D)infection with Cryptosporidium spp.
E)viral infection

Question 71

Compare and contrast giardiasis and amebiasis with regard to: a) causative agent, b) transmission, c) infection site in body, d) signs and symptoms, e) prevention, and f) treatment.

Question 72

Diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Chagas'disease may be spread by any blood-sucking arthropod.

Question 73

Many protozoan species can form a _____ that can survive for periods outside a host.

Question 74

Which of the following parasites must be swallowed twice by the human host, first as an egg and later as a larva?

A)Ascaris lumbricoides
B)Necatur americanus
C)Taenia saginata
D)Enterobius vermicularis
E)Schistosoma mansoni

Question 75

Which animals serve as intermediate hosts for human schistosomes?

A)mosquitoes
B)fish
C)reduviid bugs
D)snails
E)humans

Question 76

Anna recently learned that she is pregnant and is visiting her doctor for her first prenatal visit.Among the many pieces of advice offered to ensure a safe pregnancy, the doctor specifically told Anna to avoid eating any rare meats, including steaks and roast beef, and to avoid changing her cat's litter box.These words of caution were primarily directed at avoiding contact with

A)
B)Taenia saginata.
C)Cryptosporidium.
D)Toxoplasma gondii.
E)coli O157:H7.

Question 77

Write a brief definition of a parasite and parasitology giving specific examples of a fungus, protozoan, and helminth.

Question 78

Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium and malaria epidemiology including: a) developmental forms and respective hosts/host cells, b) transmission, c) human disease and symptoms, d) treatment, and e) prevention.

Question 79

Eggs and larva are developmental forms of various parasites called _____.