Deck 21: Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

Question 1

Relapsing fever involves

A)soft-bodied ticks transmitting Borrelia hermsii.
B)initial symptoms of fever, headache, fatigue.
C)campers and forestry personnel.
D)human body louse transmitting Borrelia recurrentis.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Leptospirosis has all the following characteristics except

A)it most common in cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs.
B)the pathogen is a spirochete.
C)it infects kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes.
D)humans acquire it by contact with abraded skin or mucous membranes.
E)it can be transmitted by animal bites.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Yaws, pinta, and bejel are all diseases that

A)are slow, progressive skin diseases that can spread to deep tissues.
B)are sexually transmitted.
C)are caused by arthropod vectors.
D)are caused by Vibrio species.
E)are respiratory tract infections.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The chancre of syphilis

A)occurs due to small hemorrhaging of capillaries.
B)is very painful.
C)occurs during the tertiary stage.
D)develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated central crater.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

The Argyll-Robertson pupil that is fixed and small, and does not react to light but does accommodate for focusing is associated with

A)Lyme disease.
B)leptospirosis.
C)chlamydiosis.
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E)tertiary syphilis.

Question 6

The secondary stage of syphilis

A)is when the patient is no longer infectious to others.
B)occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
C)is a time when the pathogen enters and multiplies in the blood.
D)has no symptoms.
E)is when gummas develop in tissues.

Question 7

Which of the following is not transmitted via an arthropod vector?

A)leptospirosis
B)Lyme disease
C)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
D)epidemic typhus
E)human Ehrlichosis

Question 8

Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with

A)syphilis.
B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C)relapsing fever.
D)Lyme disease.
E)leptospirosis.

Question 9

Which is not a characteristic of spirochetes?

A)all are pathogenic
B)gram-negative
C)helical shape
D)always motile
E)endoflagella enclosed in periplasmic space

Question 10

The white-footed mouse, deer, and deer ticks are important to maintaining the transmission cycle associated with

A)Lyme disease.
B)leptospirosis.
C)chlamydiosis.
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E)tertiary syphilis.

Question 11

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their

A)feces.
B)blood.
C)urine.
D)respiratory secretions.
E)saliva.

Question 13

Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all

A)obligate parasites requiring host cells.
B)curved rods.
C)transmitted by arthropod vectors.
D)spirochetes.
E)bacteria without cell walls.

Question 14

Cholera symptoms include

A)copious watery diarrhea.
B)loss of blood volume.
C)acidosis, sunken eyes, thirst.
D)hypotension, tachycardia, shock.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

During which stage of syphilis does fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red to brown rash occur?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent
E)All of these choices are correct

Question 16

Control of rodent populations is important for preventing

A)tick-borne relapsing fever.
B)ornithosis.
C)epidemic typhus.
D)Q fever.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Lyme disease involves

A)early symptoms of fever, headache, stiff neck.
B)crippling polyarthritis and cardiovascular and neurological problems.
C)people having contact with wooded or forested areas.
D)treatment with antimicrobics.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 18

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

A)has humans as the reservoir.
B)can cross the placenta.
C)is the cause of syphilis.
D)is transmitted by direct sexual contact.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

The RPR, VDRL, MHA-TP, FTA-ABS, and TPI tests are used to diagnose

A)chlamydiosis.
B)syphilis.
C)Lyme disease.
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E)Q fever.

Question 20

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

A)Ixodes scapularis.
B)Borrelia hermsii.
C)Borrelia burgdorferi.
D)Ixodes pacificus.
E)Leptospira interrogans.

Question 21

An organism found in coastal waters that causes a food infection and gastroenteritis due to a variety of contaminated raw and undercooked seafood

A)Chlamydia trachomatis.
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
C)Vibrio cholerae.
D)Campylobacter jejuni.
E)Helicobacter pylori.

Question 22

All of the following are correct about primary atypical pneumonia except

A)it is mainly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
B)it can also be caused by adenoviruses.
C)it is transmitted by aerosol droplets.
D)it has symptoms similar to pneumococcal pneumonia.
E)community resistance is high.

Question 23

Ornithosis

A)is caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
B)is a zoonosis of certain types of birds.
C)is a mild, upper respiratory tract illness.
D)has humans as a reservoir.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 24

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its

A)capsule.
B)neurotoxin.
C)invasive enzymes.
D)enterotoxin.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

The following are characteristics of Chlamydias except

A)they are gram-negative.
B)they are obligate intracellular parasites that need host cells for growth.
C)elementary bodies are the infectious form.
D)elementary bodies are metabolically active.
E)reticulate bodies differentiate into elementary bodies.

Question 26

Which is not a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?

A)gram-negative
B)produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea
C)curved rods
D)lives in the stomach
E)produces urease that buffers stomach acidity

Question 27

Oral flora bacteria on the tooth surface

A)develop a biofilm.
B)use fimbriae and slime layers to adhere.
C)include streptococci that metabolize sucrose, produce sticky glucans, and form plaque.
D)include lactobacilli and streptococci that ferment carbohydrates and produce acids that cause caries.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

All of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni except

A)it is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated chicken, meat, milk, and water.
B)it causes fever and a watery to bloody diarrhea.
C)it infects the stomach.
D)it produces an enterotoxin called CJT that stimulates diarrhea.
E)it has gram-negative curved rods with darting motility.

Question 29

Which is mismatched?

A)Rickettsia rickettsii - epidemic typhus
B)Coxiella burnetii - Q fever
C)Bartonella quintana - trench fever
D)Bartonella henselae - cat scratch disease
E)Rickettsia typhi - endemic (murine) typhus

Question 30

Which of the following organisms causes a type of diarrhea with stools described as watery "rice water stools"?

A)Vibrio vulnificus
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)Vibrio cholerae
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Helicobacter pylori

Question 31

The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is

A)water and electrolyte replacement.
B)antimicrobics.
C)antitoxin.
D)surgery.

Question 32

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A)is seen in highest numbers along the West Coast.
B)is transmitted by Ixodes ticks.
C)has symptoms that include fever, headache, and rash.
D)never has severe complications.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 33

Characteristics of rickettsias include

A)obligate parasites requiring host cells for growth.
B)arthropods serve as life cycle hosts and vectors.
C)gram-negative coccobacilli.
D)host cells are required for ATP metabolism.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 34

Helicobacter pylori causes

A)gastritis.
B)duodenal ulcers.
C)stomach ulcers.
D)increased risk for stomach cancer.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 35

In patients with diabetes or liver disease, ingestion of raw oysters contaminated with this organism can lead to death.

A)Vibrio vulnificus
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)Vibrio cholerae
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Helicobacter pylori

Question 36

The pathogenesis of rickettsial infections often involves infection of

A)endothelial lining of blood vessels.
B)gastrointestinal lining.
C)dermis of the skin.
D)stomach mucosa.
E)urinary tract.

Question 37

Which is mismatched?

A)epidemic typhus - body louse feces
B)murine typhus - flea feces
C)rickettsial pox - mite bite
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever - tick bite
E)human ehrlichiosis - flea bite

Question 38

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A)nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in males.
B)cervicitis in females.
C)congenital and adult inclusion conjunctivitis.
D)ocular trachoma.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 39

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever?

A)transmitted by lice
B)Pathogen produces resistant spores.
C)humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread
D)causes fever, muscle aches, rash, and sometimes pneumonia
E)is a zoonosis

Question 40

Which is incorrect about Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A)Birds are a reservoir.
B)It is a common cause of primary atypical pneumonia.
C)Early infections are characterized by fever, malaise, sore throat, headache.
D)After 2 to 3 weeks, it develops into an unproductive cough and earache.
E)Its cells lack a cell wall.

Question 41

Dental caries are the most common human disease.

Question 42

Which of the following distinguishes syphilis from yaws?

A)Syphilis is caused by a spirochete.
B)Syphilis has a primary, secondary, and tertiary stage.
C)Syphilis is sexually transmitted.
D)Syphilis is treated with antibiotics.
E)Syphilis is a slow and progressive disease.

Question 43

Which is incorrect about leptospirosis?

A)It can be avoided by not swimming in livestock watering ponds.
B)A vaccine is not available.
C)Its principle targets are the kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes.
D)It is a zoonosis.
E)Weil's syndrome occurs during the second phase of the disease.

Question 44

The highest numbers of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever occur along the eastern seaboard.

Question 45

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Question 46

Chlamydiosis can lead to endometritis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 47

Hutchinson's teeth are

A)a symptom of untreated Lyme disease.
B)a symptom of untreated periodontal disease.
C)a symptom of ANUG.
D)a symptom of congenital syphilis.
E)a symptom of congenital Chlamydia trachomatis.

Question 48

Which is incorrect about Lyme disease?

A)It is a new disease that started in Lyme, Connecticut.
B)Its reservoirs are mice and deer.
C)It is transmitted by ticks.
D)It is nonfatal.
E)It can slowly progress and mimic rheumatoid conditions.

Question 49

Humans are the reservoir for Borrelia hermsii.

Question 50

Which of the following diseases could be prevented with proper sewage disposal and water purification?

A)Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis
B)Vibrio vulnificus gastroenteritis
C)cholera
D)Lyme disease
E)leptospirosis

Question 51

The tertiary stage of syphilis

A)is when gummas develop in tissues.
B)is when the patient is highly infectious to others.
C)occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
D)has no symptoms.
E)is when a chancre develops.

Question 52

All of the following can positively influence the structure of tooth enamel except

A)fluoride.
B)lysozyme in saliva.
C)antibodies in saliva.
D)refined sugar.
E)genetics.

Question 53

Ureaplasma urealyticum is implicated in which of the following?

A)nongonococcal urethritis
B)Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
C)periodontal disease
D)Q fever
E)endemic typhus

Question 54

Gingivitis is

A)primarily caused by anaerobic oral flora.
B)erosion of tooth enamel causing a lesion.
C)caused by Streptococcus mutans.
D)also called NUG.

Question 55

In severe cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the enlarged lesions of the rash can become necrotic and predispose the patient to gangrene of toes and fingertips.

Question 56

Treponema vincentii, Bacteroides forsythus, and fusobacteria synergistically are involved in which infection?

A)gingivitis
B)necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
C)ornithosis
D)yaws
E)nongonococcal urethritis

Question 57

Chlamydias and rickettsias are unusual bacteria because they do not have cell walls.

Question 58

Chlamydia trachomatis is commonly transmitted directly by sexual activity.

Question 59

NGU is a syndrome among males with chlamydial infections of the urethra.

Question 60

The spirochete of relapsing fever changes cell surface antigens many times in order to avoid destruction by the immune response.

Question 61

Chlamydophila pneumonia

A)is a zoonotic pathogen.
B)causes respiratory infections.
C)can be acquired through the consumption of unpasteurized milk.
D)causes only a mild illness in most infected persons.

Question 62

When plaque becomes mineralized with calcium and phosphate crystals, it becomes a hard, porous substance called _____.

Question 63

A patient has a serious lung infection.A sputum sample was taken.The lab technician stated that the lab isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be __________.

A)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B)Borrelia burgdorferi
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E)Haemophilus influenzae

Question 64

Syphilitic tumors called _____ develop in the liver, skin, bone, and cartilage during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

Question 65

Select two diseases that involve different arthropod vectors in their epidemiology.Discuss each disease and describe the role of each vector in the life cycle of the pathogen and establishment of the disease.

Question 66

Lyme disease is caused by __transmitted by ticks.

A)Proteus vulgaris
B)Rickettsia typhi
C)Rickettsia rickettsii
D)Borrelia burgdorferi
E)Leptospira interrogans

Question 67

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma differ from other bacteria because they naturally lack a _____.

Question 68

Which of the following is usually the most effective and practical treatment for most cases of bacterial diarrhea?

A)delivery of intravenous fluids to rehydrate patients
B)treatment with antibiotics
C)oral rehydration with solutions of electrolytes and water
D)over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications

Question 69

Discuss the specific, distinguishing features that are the underlying reason for referring to the respiratory infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae as an atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia.

Question 70

According to CDC data, who is more likely to acquire a rickettsial disease?

A)Tom who traveled to Arizona for the summer
B)Sally who went to the beach at Big Sur, CA
C)Mike who visited his aunt in Sub-Saharan Africa
D)Phil who stayed home and mowed his lawn
E)Harry who works in a pet store and hates fleas and ticks

Question 71

Characteristics seen in the curviform bacteria include

A)short curved rods or spiral-shaped cells.
B)gram-positive cell wall.
C)peritrichous flagella.
D)an axial filament.
E)coccus-shaped cells.

Question 72

Which of the following genera include obligate intracellular parasites of the host?

A)Vibrio
B)Rickettsia
C)Chlamydia
D)Treponema
E)Helicobacter

Question 73

After being bitten by a tick on a hiking trip, Amy had chills, headache, muscle pain, nausea, lethargy, and a rash.Before further testing, Amy's health care provider gave her information about which of the following diseases?

A)anaplasmosis
B)ehrlichiosis
C)Shigella and dysentery
D)Streptococcus pyogenes and strep throat
E)Both anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are correct.
F)All of these choices are correct

Question 74

Bacteria that lose their cell walls due to penicillin or lysozyme and result in persistent wall-deficient bacteria are called _____.

Question 75

Which of the following is most useful for the definitive diagnosis of Lyme disease?

A)blood cultures
B)culture of the bull's-eye rash on Lyme-selective agar
C)Gram stain of blood specimen
D)Lyme antibody titers
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 76

Discuss the role of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus in Lyme disease.

Question 77

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of Treponema pallidum?

A)requires mammalian host
B)microaerophilic
C)causative agent of syphilis
D)solely utilizes glycolysis for energy
E)grows well on chocolate agar in the laboratory

Question 78

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut was due to bacterial infection?

A)It responded to treatment with antibiotics.
B)It was not contagious.
C)It was transmitted by ticks.
D)It was accompanied by a rash.
E)It affected mostly children.

Question 79

Discuss the activities or professions that would increase the risk of contracting Coxiella burnetii.

Question 80

L-forms may arise

A)when bacteria are exposed to lysozyme.
B)when bacteria are exposed to penicillin.
C)D.
As bacteria shed their cell wall in preparation for cell division.
When nutrients are in short supply.