Deck 16: Disorders in Immunity

Question 1

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an

A)autoimmune disease.
B)immunodeficiency.
C)hypersensitivity.
D)transfusion reaction.
E)desensitization.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

A)Type 1 only.
B)Type 1 and Type 4.
C)Type 4 only.
D)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when

A)maternal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁻ fetus.
B)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁻ mother.
C)maternal Rh⁻ cells enter an Rh⁺ fetus.
D)fetal Rh⁻ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.
E)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by

A)injecting the mother with antibodies against the Rh factor late in the pregnancy and after giving birth.
B)treating the fetus with immune globulin.
C)birth by cesarean section.
D)treating the mother with RhoGAM early in the pregnancy.

Question 5

What will be the immediate action of allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

A)degranulation
B)bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)Histamine acts on smooth muscle.
E)Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Question 6

A person with O type blood

A)lacks antibodies to A and B blood types.
B)lacks A and B antigens.
C)could not have the Rh factor.
D)is called a universal recipient.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type 1 hypersensitivity?

A)Rhinitis
B)Rashes
C)Sneezing
D)Diarrhea
E)Contact dermatitis

Question 8

Which of the following is incorrect about the role of mast cells and basophils in allergies?

A)They degranulate when triggered by a specific allergen through the IgE bound to them.
B)They carry high numbers of cell receptors that bind to IgE antibodies.
C)Their cytoplasmic secretory vesicles contain physiologically active cytokines.
D)They are found mainly in the lymph nodes.

Question 9

A person who has anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood Type

A)A.
B)B.
C)AB.
D)O.
E)Rh.

Question 10

The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh^- will have which of the following antibodies?

A)anti-A, anti-Rh
B)anti-B, anti-Rh
C)anti-A
D)anti-B
E)anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh

Question 11

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

A)sensitizing dose.
B)provocative dose.
C)allergic dose.
D)hypersensitivity dose.
E)desensitizing dose.

Question 12

A female who is Rh⁺

A)inherited two recessive genes.
B)is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status.
C)is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D)can only have an Rh positive baby.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 13

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

A)Type 1 only.
B)Type 1 and Type 4.
C)Type 4 only.
D)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Question 14

Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

A)ingestant
B)inhalant
C)injectant
D)contactant

Question 15

Which event releases the chemical mediators?

A)degranulation
B)binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)Histamine acts on smooth muscle.
E)Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Question 16

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

A)ingestant
B)inhalant
C)injectant
D)contactant

Question 17

Human blood types involve all the following, except

A)MHC genes.
B)ABO antigen markers.
C)inheritance of two of three possible alleles.
D)genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
E)genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.

Question 18

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

A)recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs.
B)fever and anemia.
C)systemic shock and kidney failure.
D)massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Which is mismatched?

A)food allergy - Type 1 hypersensitivity
B)poison ivy dermatitis - Type 4 hypersensitivity
C)serum sickness - Type 3 hypersensitivity
D)transfusion reaction - Type 2 hypersensitivity
E)hay fever - Type 4 hypersensitivity

Question 20

All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity, except

A)IgM.
B)IgG.
C)IgE.
D)complement.
E)foreign cells.

Question 21

Epinephrine

A)is an antihistamine.
B)reverses constriction of airways.
C)causes desensitization.
D)inhibits the activity of lymphocytes.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 22

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T-cells and B cells.

Question 23

Histamine causes all the following, except

A)increased sensitivity to light.
B)constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.
C)relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
D)wheal and flare reaction in skin.
E)pruritis and headache.

Question 24

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is

A)AIDS.
B)adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
C)DiGeorge syndrome.
D)agammaglobulinemia.
E)type I diabetes.

Question 25

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing

A)desensitization.
B)sensitization.
C)tissue matching.
D)degranulation.

Question 26

Jose needs a kidney due to his diabetes.His sister is a close match and is willing to give him one of hers.What type of transplant is this?

A)allograft
B)xenograft
C)autograft
D)heterograft

Question 27

Contact dermatitis involves

A)a sensitizing and provocative dose.
B)allergen entering the skin.
C)T-lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines.
D)itchy papules and blisters.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T-cells and B cells.

Question 29

Which of the following can cause secondary acquired immunodeficiencies in T-cells and B cells?

A)radiation
B)chemotherapy
C)organic disease
D)infection
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in

A)serum sickness.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)hemolytic disease of the newborn.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 31

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)myasthenia gravis.
C)Graves'disease.
D)tuberculin reaction.
E)multiple sclerosis.

Question 32

All of the following are associated with IgE^_ and mast cell-mediated allergy, except

A)drug allergy.
B)eczema.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)allergic asthma.
E)systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 33

All of the following operate in surveillance and destruction of tumor cells, except

A)macrophages.
B)B cells.
C)natural killer cells.
D)cytotoxic T cells.

Question 34

A xenograft is a tissue exchange

A)between identical twins.
B)between siblings.
C)from one site on the body to another site.
D)between individuals of different species.

Question 35

Which of the following can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity?

A)host rejection of graft
B)graft versus host disease
C)formation of autoantibodies
D)hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 36

Which is incorrect about DiGeorge syndrome?

A)It is a severe deficiency of T-cells.
B)Sometimes it is associated with a deletion in chromosome 22.
C)Common childhood diseases can be fatal in affected children.
D)The major therapy is a bone marrow transplant.
E)Symptoms include reduced growth and unusual facial characteristics.

Question 37

Treatment for agammaglobulinemia is

A)frequent transfusions of Rh⁺ blood.
B)passive immunotherapy and continuous antibiotic therapy.
C)bone marrow transplant.
D)allografts of skin.
E)continuous immunosuppressive therapy.

Question 38

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is

A)prostaglandin.
B)histamine.
C)leukotriene.
D)serotonin.
E)platelet-activating factor.

Question 39

Which of the following is a risk of a bone marrow transplant that is not typically a risk of a kidney or heart transplant?

A)host rejection of graft
B)graft versus host disease
C)formation of autoantibodies
D)hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 40

What is the Arthus reaction?

A)an autoimmune disorder
B)an acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site
C)a positive tuberculosis skin test
D)the lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion
E)the name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test

Question 41

The heart of a baboon transplanted to a human would be a/an

A)xenograft.
B)autograft.
C)allograft.
D)heterograft.
E)homograft.

Question 42

All of the following cells participate in immune surveillance, except

A)macrophages.
B)natural killer cells.
C)cytotoxic T-cells.
D)plasma cells.
E)All of the choices participate.

Question 43

The antigens to which allergic individuals are sensitive are termed _____.

Question 44

All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except

A)persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors.
B)persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC.
C)persons with this type of blood have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
D)this is the most common blood type among all racial groups in the U.S.

Question 45

The practice of delaying the introduction of solid foods may help prevent the development of food allergies, but doesn't provide complete protection.

Question 46

The allergen in poison ivy plants is oil called urushiol.

Question 47

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

Question 48

In an isograft, tissue from an identical twin is used.

Question 49

All of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases, except

A)multiple sclerosis.
B)Grave's disease.
C)Hashimoto thyroiditis.
D)myasthenia gravis.
E)Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Question 50

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

Question 51

After a bone marrow transplant, the recipient's blood type may change to the blood type of the donor.

Question 52

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms as well as skin and respiratory symptoms.

Question 53

Cancer cells can not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.

Question 54

Which of the following does not belong with transformed cancer cells?

A)oncogenic viruses
B)increased rate of growth
C)chromosomal alterations
D)capacity for limited division
E)changed surface molecules

Question 55

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T-cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign Class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Question 56

A person who is Rh negative will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

Question 57

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

Question 58

Which cells play the greatest role in allergic symptoms?

A)T-cells
B)monocytes
C)plasma cells
D)mast cells
E)eosinophils

Question 59

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)ingestant - nuts
B)inhalant - bee sting
C)injectant - vaccine
D)contactant - rubber
E)ingestant - food additive

Question 60

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

Question 61

All of the following are involved in the development of a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction, except

A)antigen.
B)TH cells.
C)IgE.
D)cytokines.
E)TC cells.
F)dendritic cells.
G)macrophages.

Question 62

At birth, a neonate with blood Type O will have circulating anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 63

Compare and contrast local atopies and contact dermatitis with regard to: a) components and events of the immune response, b) tissue damaging mediators, and c) two examples of each.

Question 64

The _____ dose of an allergen results in signs and symptoms of the allergy.

Question 65

Which of the following methods is/are used for determining the most appropriate donor tissue for a particular recipient?

A)tissue typing
B)mixed lymphocyte reaction
C)ABO blood typing
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 66

An _____ is any chronic local allergy.

Question 67

Indicate which of the following are participants in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions.Check all that apply.

A)IgG and IgM antibodies
B)IgE antibodies
C)complement proteins
D)Cells expressing foreign antigens or autoantigens.
E)bacterial cells
F)TC cells
G)NK cells

Question 68

Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to inhaled pollen or molds.

Question 69

Allergic reactions to penicillin are an example of a

A)Type 1 hypersensitivity.
B)Type 2 hypersensitivity.
C)Type 3 hypersensitivity.
D)Type 4 hypersensitivity.

Question 70

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an
_____.

Question 71

Discuss the proposed theories that attempt to explain the origin of autoimmunity.

Question 72

Write a definition for immunopathology and discuss the four major categories of immune system responses with specific examples for each.

Question 73

Type _____ hypersensitivities involve soluble antigen with IgM or IgG forming complexes that can deposit in tissues.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 74

Compare and contrast local atopies and systemic anaphylaxis with regard to: a) events of the hypersensitivity, b) chemical mediators and their effects, c) patient tissues involved, and d) two specific examples of each.

Question 75

One theory regarding immune tolerance and the development of autoimmunity states that during embryonic growth, some tissues are hidden behind anatomical barriers and cannot be surveyed by the developing immune system.Later in life, some of these tissues may be exposed to the immune system as a result of trauma or infection and the immune system responds by developing an immune reaction against these tissues as if they were foreign.This theory is the

A)theory of molecular mimmicry.
B)theory of immune deficiency.
C)forbidden clone theory.
D)sequestered antigen theory.

Question 76

Which of the following is most directly responsible for cell lysis in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

A)IgG antibodies
B)IgM antibodies
C)complement activation
D)IgE antibodies
E)NK cells
F)TC cells

Question 77

Which of the items below accurately describe characteristics of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions.Check all that apply.

A)Reactions occur within minutes of antigen exposure (provocative dose).
B)Reactions are generated by components of the cell-mediated immune response.
C)IgE, basophils, and mast cells are typically involved.
D)Histamine is a major mediator of symptoms.
E)Reactions are delayed for 24- 48 hours after provocative antigen exposure.
F)The tuberculin skin test and the rash caused by poison ivy and poison oak are examples.