Deck 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology

Question 1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

A)Francesco Redi.
B)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
C)Louis Pasteur.
D)Joseph Lister.
E)Robert Koch.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called3-7-2013

A)bioremediation.
B)genetic engineering.
C)epidemiology.
D)immunology.
E)taxonomy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a scientific name?

A)bacteria
B)Protista
C)species
D)Bacillus subtilis
E)bacilli

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that

A)air had "vital forces" capable of spontaneous generation.
B)microbial fermentation could be used to make wine.
C)dust in air was a source of living microorganisms.
D)microorganisms could cause disease.
E)microorganisms could be grown in laboratory infusions.

Question 5

A scientist discovers a new microbial species.It is a single-celled eukaryote without cell walls.In which kingdom will it likely be classified?

A)Monera
B)Protista
C)Fungi
D)Animalia
E)Plantae

Question 6

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

A)Viruses cause human disease.
B)Vruses are composed of cells that lack nuclei.
C)Viruses cannot be seen without an electron microscope.
D)Viruses contain genetic material.
E)Viruses lack cell structure.

Question 8

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

A)Bacteria in the soil secrete an antibiotic to kill competitors.
B)A microbiologist uses a microscope to study bacteria.
C)Humans use yeast to make beer and wine.
D)Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in the lungs.
E)Public health officials monitor diseases in a community.

Question 9

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Question 10

Spontaneous generation is the belief that

A)germs cause infectious diseases.
B)microbes are diverse and ubiquitous.
C)microbes placed in an infusion can grow in it.
D)aseptic techniques reduce microbes in medical settings.
E)living things arise from nonliving matter.

Question 11

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

A)microbes are found on dust particles.
B)a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.
C)life-forms can only arise from preexisting life-forms.
D)a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom.
E)microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.

Question 12

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Question 13

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

A)cause human disease.
B)lack a cell nucleus.
C)are infectious particles.
D)are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
E)can only be found growing in laboratories.

Question 14

Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?

A)mosquitoes
B)protozoa
C)bacteria
D)viruses
E)fungi

Question 15

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

A)biotechnology.
B)genetics.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)phylogeny.
E)taxonomy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

A)species
B)phylum
C)kingdom
D)genus
E)family

Question 17

Taxonomy does not involve

A)nomenclature.
B)classification.
C)taxa.
D)identification.
E)Koch's postulates.

Question 18

The smallest and most significant taxon is

A)genus.
B)species.
C)kingdom.
D)family.
E)phylum.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?

A)belief in a preconceived idea
B)formulate a hypothesis
C)systematic observation
D)laboratory experimentation
E)development of a theory

Question 20

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on

A)determining evolutionary relatedness.
B)bioremediation.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)nomenclature.
E)determining if that species is the cause of a new disease.

Question 21

All of the following contribute to the rise of emerging diseases, except

A)the decrease in drug-resistant bacteria.
B)human encroachment on wild habitats.
C)changes in agricultural practices.
D)populations are more mobile.

Question 22

Which of the following lists the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right)?

A)family, order, class
B)family, genus, species
C)genus, species, family
D)class, phylum, order
E)kingdom, domain, phylum

Question 23

The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is

A)HIV/AIDS.
B)stroke.
C)heart disease.
D)cancer.
E)malaria.

Question 24

Where are you most likely to find bacteria belonging to the domain Archaea?

A)a human's large intestine
B)in a hot spring
C)a pond
D)a sewage treatment plant
E)a beer production facility

Question 25

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

A)diarrheal diseases
B)tuberculosis
C)malaria
D)septicemia
E)influenza

Question 26

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis?

A)Joseph Lister
B)Ignaz Semmelweis
C)Robert Koch
D)Louis Pasteur
E)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 27

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was

A)Joseph Lister.
B)Ignaz Semmelweis.
C)Robert Koch.
D)Louis Pasteur.
E)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 28

When assigning a scientific name to an organism,

A)the species name is capitalized.
B)the species name is placed first.
C)the species name can be abbreviated.
D)both genus and species names are capitalized.
E)both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium?

A)Staph Aureus
B)Staphylococcus Aureus
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Staphylococcus Aureus
E)S.Aureus

Question 30

Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes?

A)Monera
B)Protista
C)Mycetae
D)Plantae
E)Animalia

Question 31

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant bacterial spores?

A)Joseph Lister
B)Ignaz Semmelweis
C)Robert Koch
D)Ferdinand Cohn
E)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 32

A scientist collects grass clippings to find the source of an outbreak of tularemia is an example of working in the field of

A)food microbiology.
B)epidemiology.
C)agricultural microbiology.
D)genetic engineering.
E)biotechnology.

Question 33

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the Earth?

A)bacteria and fungi
B)bacteria and viruses
C)algae and viruses
D)protists and fungi
E)All organisms are decomposers.

Question 34

Helminths are

A)bacteria.
B)protozoa.
C)molds.
D)parasitic worms.
E)infectious particles.

Question 35

The scientist(s) that proposed assigning organisms to one of three domains is(are)

A)Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur.
B)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
C)Carl Woese and George Fox.
D)Robert Whittaker.
E)Francesco Redi.

Question 36

Organisms called parasites are

A)always classified in the kingdom Monera.
B)always harmful to their host.
C)the decomposers in ecosystems.
D)always viruses.
E)free-living.

Question 37

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom

A)Monera.
B)Protista.
C)Mycetae.
D)Plantae.
E)Animalia.

Question 38

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis, except

A)it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae.
B)carbon dioxide is converted to organic material.
C)it contributes to the oxygen content in the atmosphere.
D)it is fueled by light.
E)it is important to each ecosystem's flow of energy and food.

Question 39

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except

A)they are smaller than eukaryotes.
B)they lack a nucleus.
C)they are less complex than eukaryotes.
D)they have organelles.
E)they are found nearly everywhere.

Question 40

When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called

A)bioremediation.
B)genetic engineering.
C)epidemiology.
D)immunology.
E)taxonomy.

Question 41

Members of the kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic.

Question 42

When a the results of an experiment support a hypothesis, the hypothesis can now be considered a theory.

Question 43

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaea is that they live in extreme environments.

Question 44

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised.

Question 45

All microorganisms are parasites.

Question 46

The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured.

Question 47

Cyanide is a chemical used to dissolve gold and is harmful to the environment and organisms living there.A couple of biochemists came up with the idea of using the bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas to break down the cyanide used by a gold mining company.Which term refers to this use of bacteria?

A)bioremediation
B)immunoextraction
C)decomposition
D)bioextraction
E)biosynthesis

Question 48

Bacteria and fungi are important in bioremediation.These decomposers are also called ___.

A)strict aerobes
B)strict anaerobes
C)saprobes
D)predators
E)parasites

Question 49

_____ is the area of biology that states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time.

Question 50

In which of the following conditions is(are) microbial infection often implicated as a cause?

A)gastric ulcers
B)female infertility
C)coronary artery disease
D)cervical cancer
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 51

The scientific field called _____ is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms.

Question 52

Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's five kingdoms.

Question 53

The term sterile means free of all life-forms.

Question 54

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

Question 55

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

Question 56

It has been over 25 years since a new infectious disease has emerged in the world.

Question 57

The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on Earth for approximately two billion years before eukaryotes appeared.

Question 58

The names of the three proposed domains are: Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya.

Question 59

Which of the following branches of Microbiology is utilized in diagnosing or treating someone who has broken out in hives and is experiencing respiratory distress due to an exposure to a microbial toxin?

A)agricultural Microbiology
B)epidemiology
C)biotechnology
D)immunology
E)industrial Microbiology

Question 60

During a scientific experiment, the control group is used to directly test or measure the consequences of a variable in the study.

Question 61

Numerous cases of microcephaly have been observed in the newborn babies of women who were infected with Zika virus during pregnancy.This led to the proposed hypothesis that Zika virus was causing the birth defects.This is an example of

A)hypothesis testing.
B)deductive reasoning.
C)inductive reasoning.
D)theory development.

Question 62

Discuss five of the reasons why infectious diseases are increasing in number around the world.

Question 63

_____ are the group of microorganisms composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering.

Question 64

Recently Zika virus has been in the news, with many cases in Central and South America and increasing numbers of cases in the southern United States.Five years ago this virus was essentially unheard of in these areas.This is an example of

A)an endemic virus.
B)an emerging infectious disease.
C)genetic recombination.
D)a pandemic.

Question 65

Discuss what might be three different beneficial consequences and three different detrimental consequences of killing all microorganisms on the Earth.

Question 66

Describe the experiment that Louis Pasteur did with swan-necked-shaped tubes to disprove spontaneous generation.

Question 67

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed ____.

Question 68

A scientist that constructs a hypothesis and then tests its validity by outlining predicted events of the hypothesis followed by experiments to test for those events is using the _____ approach.

A)inductive
B)deductive
C)instructive
D)trial-and-error