Deck 20: The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Question 1

Characteristics of all the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae include

A)ferment lactose.
B)are normal flora of human intestines.
C)produce enterotoxins.
D)ferment glucose.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Brucellosis is

A)a zoonosis.
B)seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness.
C)associated with pathogen in the blood.
D)an occupational illness of people that work with animals.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

A)Legionellosis
B)Pertussis
C)Brucellosis
D)Plague
E)Traveler's diarrhea

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is the most common type of virulence gene transferred between fecal bacteria?

A)toxin production
B)capsules
C)fimbriae
D)hemolysins
E)All of the above

Question 5

Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of

A)tularemia.
B)pertussis.
C)Legionellosis.
D)brucellosis.
E)shigellosis.

Question 6

Which is mismatched?

A)H antigen - fimbriae
B)K antigen - capsule
C)O antigen - cell wall, somatic
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is

A)found in soil and water.
B)an opportunist that produces many diverse enzymes.
C)highly chemical resistant.
D)motile.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Typhoid fever has the following characteristics, except

A)it is spread by ingestion of food contaminated with animal feces.
B)it is transmitted by ingesting fecal contaminated food and water.
C)it can cause chronic carriers to have pathogens in their gallbladder.
D)it can infect the small intestine with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
E)it can become a septicemia, spread to lymph nodes and spleen, and cause liver abscesses.

Question 9

Legionella pneumophila

A)requires special lab growth media.
B)often lives in close associations with amoebas.
C)causes fever, cough, and diarrhea.
D)causes a severe pneumonia.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which is incorrect about shigellosis?

A)outbreaks have occurred in day care centers
B)it is watery diarrhea with bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal cramps
C)it frequently involves septicemia
D)human carriers cause fecal transmission
E)it is also called bacillary dysentery

Question 11

All of the following are coliforms that cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections, except:

A)Enterobacter.
B)Citrobacter.
C)Shigella.
D)Klebsiella.
E)Serratia.

Question 12

Salmonella are

A)coliforms.
B)motile.
C)gram positive rods.
D)lactose fermenters.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Pertussis has the following characteristics, except:

A)pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia.
B)catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops".
C)early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.
D)DTaP immunization will prevent it.
E)transmission is by respiratory droplets.

Question 14

Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent

A)tularemia.
B)pertussis.
C)Legionellosis.
D)brucellosis.
E)shigellosis.

Question 15

E.coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, except:

A)it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
B)it is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger.
C)it causes a bloody diarrhea.
D)it is reservoir is cattle intestines.
E)some cases go on to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with possible kidney failure.

Question 16

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes all the following, except

A)severe nosocomial infection in burn patients.
B)skin rashes from contaminated hot tubs and bath sponges.
C)diarrheal illness.
D)external ear infection.
E)serious infection in lung tissue of cystic fibrosis patients.

Question 17

Which is not associated with tularemia?

A)listed as a pathogen of concern on the lists of bioterrorism agents
B)transmitted by arthropod vectors
C)reservoir can be rabbits and squirrels
D)symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia
E)in animals, infects the placenta and fetus

Question 18

Escherichia coli infections

A)are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food.
B)include urinary tract infections from normal flora strains.
C)involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.
D)can cause an inflammatory disease similar to Shigella dysentery.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which color pigment is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A)Lemon yellow
B)Red-orange
C)Golden
D)Blue-green
E)Pale orange

Question 20

Salmonelloses are

A)not caused by Salmonella typhi.
B)associated with undercooked poultry and eggs, and reptile and rodent feces.
C)gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.
D)enteric fevers that often include septicemia.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Salmonella typhi

A)multiplies within phagocytes.
B)is not a coliform.
C)can be treated with antimicrobics.
D)causes invasive infection of the small intestine.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

What is incorrect about pertussis?

A)A virulence factor of B.pertussis is toxins that destroy cilia cells is produced.B.The source of infection is direct contact with inhaled droplets.C.The paroxysmal stage is characterized by persistent coughing.D.The number of cases is steadily decreasing since 1976.E.It can cause severe, life-threatening complications in babies.

Question 23

Nationwide, over 100,000 patients a year die from septic shock.This is due to

A)the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane.
B)lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall.
C)a cytotoxin similar to the diphtheria toxin.
D)coagulase.
E)a neurotoxin similar to botulin.

Question 24

A cause of epiglottitis in children and young adults is

A)Haemophilus influenzae.
B)Haemophilus ducreyi.
C)Haemophilus aegyptius.
D)Haemophilus parainfluenzae.
E)Haemophilus aphrophilus.

Question 25

All of the following are correct about salmonelloses except

A)non-typhoidal strains of salmonella are zoonotic in origin.
B)foods contaminated by rodent feces may cause outbreaks.
C)outbreaks have been caused by eggs.
D)drug resistance of salmonella is on the rise.
E)strains are normal flora in dogs and cats.

Question 26

Plague includes:

A)septicemic form - called Black Death.
B)bubonic form - buboes develop.
C)pneumonic form - sputum highly contagious.
D)disease control - control of rodent population.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

Which of the following is normal oral and nasopharyngeal flora but is involved in infective endocarditis in adults who have underlying congenital or rheumatic heart disease?

A)Haemophilus influenzae
B)Haemophilus aphrophilus
C)Haemophilus aegyptius
D)Haemophilus ducreyi
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

Which fastidious genus requires hemin (X factor) and NAD (X factor) in its growth medium?

A)Legionella
B)Haemophilus
C)Brucella
D)Shigella
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis?

A)exhibit bipolar staining
B)gram-negative rod
C)produces coagulase
D)has a capsule
E)produces enterotoxin

Question 30

Although Burkholderia cepacia could be very useful in bioremediation programs, it is not feasible to use it.Why?

A)Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract.
B)Because it cannot be cultured in the lab to necessary numbers.
C)Because it is too expensive at this time to grow it.
D)It encourages the overgrowth of fungus in the environment, which is not desirable.
E)It produces a foul odor making it a poor choice for most situations.

Question 31

Which of the following are symptoms of septic shock?

A)Tachycardia
B)Reduced blood flow to vital organs
C)Respiratory failure
D)Weak pulse
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following is an agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid?

A)Haemophilus aegyptius
B)Haemophilus influenzae
C)Haemophilus parainfluenzae
D)Haemophilus ducreyi
E)Haemophilus aphrophilus

Question 33

Yersinia pestis

A)was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.
B)has humans as an endemic reservoir.
C)does not respond to antimicrobic drugs.
D)is usually transmitted by a flea vector.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague, except

A)it is transmitted by human feces.
B)it is caused by Yersinia pestis.
C)the patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
D)the patient has fever, headache, nausea, weakness.
E)it can progress to a septicemia.

Question 35

The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cat bites or scratches is

A)Salmonella typhimurium.
B)Yersinia enterocolitica.
C)Pasteurella multocida.
D)Brucella suis.
E)Francisella tularensis.

Question 36

The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is

A)DtaP.
B)Pneumovax.
C)MMR.
D)Hib.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Shigella species have the following characteristics, except:

A)not motile
B)release endotoxin
C)belong to Enterobacteriaceae
D)infect the small intestine
E)produce enterotoxin

Question 38

Characteristics of chancroid include:

A)sexually transmitted
B)occurs mostly in the tropics and subtropics
C)lesion develops at portal of entry
D)bubo like swelling of the lymph nodes
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

The buildup of mucus and blockage of airways in pertussis is due to

A)endotoxin.
B)lipopolysaccharide.
C)toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.
D)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E)the presence of a capsule.

Question 40

Which of the following is not caused by Haemophilus influenzae?

A)bacterial meningitis
B)influenza (flu)
C)otitis media
D)bronchitis
E)epiglottitis

Question 41

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.

Question 42

Fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and neurological impairment are symptoms associated with _____.

Question 43

Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A)Eterotoxigeic strains of E.coli
B)Salmonella
C)Shigella dysenteriae
D)E.coli 0157:H7
E)Eteroinvasive E.coli

Question 44

Although this bacteria is typically found in soil and water, burn wound patients are susceptible to ___infection.

A)Yersinia pestis
B)Bordetella pertussis
C)Pseudomonas
D)
E)coli 0157:H7

Question 45

The pathogen that causes Legionnaires pneumonia also causes a milder infection called Pontiac fever.

Question 46

Which of the following species was once considered so benign that microbiologists used it to trace movements of air currents in hospitals and over cities?

A)Morganella
B)Providencia
C)Citrobacter
D)Serratia
E)Legionella

Question 47

Which of the following is not correct concerning the plague?

A)Mice, voles, and other rodents are primary long-term reservoirs.
B)Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today as they were in the Middle Ages.
C)It is transmitted by flea vectors.
D)Less than 10 cases per year occur in the US.
E)The etiological agent is Yersinia pestis.

Question 48

Pseudomonas is an enteric gram negative rod.

Question 49

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines is called _____.

Question 50

The Enterobacteriaceae do not produce oxidase compared to the pseudomonads that do produce oxidase.

Question 51

The IMViC series of biochemical tests are used to identify the Enterobacteriaceae.

Question 52

The virulence factor associated with the events of gram negative sepsis and septic shock is _____.

Question 53

Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets.The___stage lasts 1-2 weeks, while the second stage________is when a person has severe coughing.

A)primary, secondary
B)catarrhal, paroxysmal
C)incubation, convalescent
D)Low T-cell, High macrophage

Question 54

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobics.

Question 55

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Question 56

Proteus species often cause urinary tract infections.

Question 57

Plague is a quarantinable disease.

Question 58

Up to 70% of travel-associated gastrointestinal diseases are caused by

A)enterotoxigenic strains of E.coli.B.Salmonella.C.Shigella dysenteriae.D.E.coli 0157:H7.E.enteroinvasive E.coli.

Question 59

Which of the following is not correct concerning Legionnaires disease?

A)L.pneumophila lives in close associations with free-living amoebas.
B)The disease is communicable from person to person.
C)Symptoms include cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
D)It is more common in males over 50 years of age.
E)Cases have been traced to the fallout from the Mount Saint Helen's volcano.

Question 60

Shigellosis may not be acquired through oral-fecal routes and direct contact.

Question 61

Klebsiella has a large _____ that contributes to its ability to cause chronic lung infections.

Question 62

Compare and contrast typhoid fever and salmonellosis.

Question 63

Discuss Legionella pneumophila with regard to: a) reservoir, b) virulence, c) transmission, d) types of diseases, and e) prevention.

Question 64

Discuss the patients at greatest risk for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and describe the type of infections that they acquire.

Question 65

The two true pathogenic enteric genera of the Enterobacteriaceae are _____ and _____.

Question 66

Compare and contrast shigellosis and salmonellosis.

Question 67

Distinguish the four different pathogenic strains of
E.coli with regard to: a) names of the strains, b) virulence factors, and c) symptoms.

Question 68

Describe the characteristics of the Enterobacteriaceae and discuss the difference between the coliforms and noncoliforms in the family.

Question 69

Compare and contrast the three forms of plague with regard to: a) pathogenesis, b) transmission, c) symptoms, and d) prevention.

Question 70

Exotoxins that target and bind to surface receptors of the intestinal lining are specifically termed _____.

Question 71

The member of the Enterobacteriaceae that has Enteroinvasive, Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Enterohemorrhagic strains is _____.
E.coli