Deck 2: The Chemistry of Biology

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Question
Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?

A)phosphate - carbohydrates
B)sulfhydryl - proteins
C)amino - proteins
D)hydroxyl - alcohols
E)carboxyl - fatty acids
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Question
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)protons and neutrons.
E)protons and electrons.
Question
What do H2O, NaCl, CO2, and HCl all have in common?

A)all salts
B)all acids
C)all gases
D)all inorganic
E)all solutes
Question
Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)element.
D)electrolyte.
E)molecule.
Question
All of the following are monosaccharides except

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)fructose.
D)ribose.
E)deoxyribose.
Question
What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur atom 3216s?

A)2
B)6
C)8
D)16
E)32
Question
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their

A)neutron number.
B)electron number.
C)proton number.
D)atomic number.
E)chemical properties.
Question
The building blocks of an enzyme are

A)nucleotides.
B)glycerol and fatty acids.
C)monosaccharides.
D)phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids.
E)amino acids.
Question
A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9

A)is more basic.
B)has no OH- ions.
C)has more H+ ions.
D)has a higher pH.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Question
Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)AB + XY → AX + BY
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.
Question
All of the following pertain to the atom 146c except it(s)

A)has 6 protons.
B)has 6 electrons.
C)has 14 neutrons.
D)is an isotope of carbon.
E)mass number is 14.
Question
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)18
E)32
Question
The important solvent associated with living things is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)sodium chloride.
C)ethyl alcohol.
D)benzene.
E)water.
Question
Reactions involving electron release are called ______ reactions.

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)ionization.
D)decomposition.
E)dissolution.
Question
The electrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.
Question
Which term does not belong in this list?

A)lactic acid
B)vinegar
C)hydrogen ion donor
D)pH 8
E)acidic
Question
All of the following are lipids except

A)cholesterol.
B)starch.
C)phospholipid.
D)wax.
E)triglyceride.
Question
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

A)an electron.
B)living.
C)matter.
D)energy.
E)space.
Question
Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded

A)identical atoms.
B)carbon atoms.
C)ions.
D)atoms of different electronegativity.
E)atoms of identical electronegativity.
Question
Cations are

A)charged subatomic particles.
B)atoms that have gained electrons.
C)radioactive isotopes.
D)capable of forming ionic bonds with anions.
E)atoms without protons.
Question
One nucleotide contains

A)one phosphate.
B)one pentose.
C)one nitrogen base.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.
Question
The atomic number equals the number of __________ an atom possesses.

A)neutrons
B)protons
C)protons plus electrons
D)neutrons plus protons
E)electrons plus protons
Question
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

A)fatty acids
B)glycerol
C)phosphate
D)alcohol
E)All of the choices are correct.
Question
If carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14, how many neutrons does it have?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)14
E)impossible to determine
Question
The neutrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of protons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.
Question
The purine bases in nucleic acids include

A)thymine and cytosine.
B)guanine and adenine.
C)cytosine and guanine.
D)adenine and thymine.
E)ribose and deoxyribose.
Question
Which is not true about enzymes?

A)found in all cells
B)are catalysts
C)participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D)can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E)have high-energy bonds between phosphates
Question
ATP is best described as

A)an enzyme.
B)a double helix.
C)an electron carrier.
D)the energy molecule of cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Question
Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?

A)valine
B)cysteine
C)serine
D)alanine
E)tyrosine
Question
Which of the following represents an exchange reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)X + Y → XYD
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.
Question
An amino acid contains all of the following, except

A)an amino group.
B)a carboxyl group.
C)a variable R group.
D)an a carbon.
E)a nitrogen base.
Question
All of the following are polysaccharides, except

A)dextran in some bacterial slime layers.
B)agar used to make solid culture media.
C)a cell's glycocalyx.
D)cellulose in certain cell walls.
E)prostaglandins in inflammation.
Question
Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?

A)triglycerides
B)monosaccharides
C)polypeptides
D)polysaccharides
E)ATP
Question
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

A)contains ribose
B)contains adenine
C)contains thymine
D)contains uracil
E)contains nucleotides
Question
A weak, attractive force between nearby molecules is called a/an

A)hydrogen bond.
B)covalent bond.
C)ionic bond.
D)peptide bond.
E)glycosidic bond.
Question
grams
C)40 grams
D)400 grams
E)None of the choices are correct.
Question
A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution.If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

A)amino acids
B)hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C)nitrogen and phosphorus
D)fatty acids
E)carbon atoms
Question
A monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms will have _____ hydrogen atoms and _____ oxygen atoms.

A)10, 5
B)5, 10
C)5, 5
D)10, 10
E)2, 1
Question
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6→ C12 H22O11 + H2O represents

A)formation of a peptide bond.
B)a decomposition reaction.
C)denaturation.
D)formation of a polysaccharide.
E)dehydration synthesis.
Question
The nucleic acid that delivers the correct amino acid for protein synthesis is

A)rRNA.
B)DNA.
C)tRNA.
D)mRNA.
E)ATP.
Question
If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution
B.
Question
Which of the following is the stored form of carbohydrates in animals?

A)glycogen
B)maltose
C)starch
D)cellulose
E)galactose
Question
Which of the following carbohydrates is found in dairy?

A)lactose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)glucose
E)fructose
Question
The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present.
Question
Replication is the cellular mechanism for making a copy of its DNA.
Question
The a helix and b-pleated sheet are examples of

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
E)gamma structures.
Question
Only charged atoms can form ionic bonds.
Question
How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 than a solution with a pH of 6?

A)3
B)10
C)1000
D)36
E)63
Question
Elements have predictable chemical properties.
Question
A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation.
Question
Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus.
Question
All proteins are enzymes.
Question
All of the following are correct about triglycerides, except

A)they are insoluble in water.
B)they are a concentrated source of energy.
C)when they are unsaturated they are solid.
D)they dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
E)they are digested by lipases.
Question
The type of chemical bond linking amino acids together is a(n)

A)glycosidic bond.
B)peptide bond.
C)ester bond.
D)ionic bond.
E)hydrogen bond.
Question
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
Question
Which of the following examples are NOT hydrophobic?

A)Glucose
B)Vegetable oil
C)Butter
D)Cholesterol
E)Choices B, C, and D are correct
Question
The polynucleotide strands of DNA are linked along their length by __________ bonds between the bases.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)Van der Waals
D)double
E)hydrogen
Question
The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.
Question
Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules.
Question
Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.
Question
The total number of protons and neutrons of an element establishes its _____ number.
Question
In _____ reproduction, offspring arise from the division of a single parent cell into two identical progeny cells.
Question
Certain antibiotics are effective against bacteria that cause human infections because they target prokaryotic ribosomes.Discuss, in detail, how the drug attacking a pathogen's ribosomes will affect the cell.Discuss at least 3 specific detrimental results.
Question
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
Question
A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _____.or
Question
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
Question
Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its _____.
Question
During protein synthesis, _____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA.
Question
Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called _____.
Question
Identify and provide specific examples of the classes of macromolecules that are associated with life.
Question
Compare and contrast the chemical and functional characteristics of DNA and RNA molecules.
Question
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
Question
Explain what radioisotopes are, and describe how they can be used to monitor the uptake of a specific biochemical by a microbial culture.
Question
_____ bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids.
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Deck 2: The Chemistry of Biology
1
Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?

A)phosphate - carbohydrates
B)sulfhydryl - proteins
C)amino - proteins
D)hydroxyl - alcohols
E)carboxyl - fatty acids
A
2
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)protons and neutrons.
E)protons and electrons.
A
3
What do H2O, NaCl, CO2, and HCl all have in common?

A)all salts
B)all acids
C)all gases
D)all inorganic
E)all solutes
D
4
Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)element.
D)electrolyte.
E)molecule.
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5
All of the following are monosaccharides except

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)fructose.
D)ribose.
E)deoxyribose.
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k this deck
6
What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur atom 3216s?

A)2
B)6
C)8
D)16
E)32
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k this deck
7
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their

A)neutron number.
B)electron number.
C)proton number.
D)atomic number.
E)chemical properties.
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k this deck
8
The building blocks of an enzyme are

A)nucleotides.
B)glycerol and fatty acids.
C)monosaccharides.
D)phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids.
E)amino acids.
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9

A)is more basic.
B)has no OH- ions.
C)has more H+ ions.
D)has a higher pH.
E)All of the choices are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)AB + XY → AX + BY
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
All of the following pertain to the atom 146c except it(s)

A)has 6 protons.
B)has 6 electrons.
C)has 14 neutrons.
D)is an isotope of carbon.
E)mass number is 14.
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k this deck
12
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)18
E)32
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
The important solvent associated with living things is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)sodium chloride.
C)ethyl alcohol.
D)benzene.
E)water.
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Reactions involving electron release are called ______ reactions.

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)ionization.
D)decomposition.
E)dissolution.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
The electrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Which term does not belong in this list?

A)lactic acid
B)vinegar
C)hydrogen ion donor
D)pH 8
E)acidic
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
All of the following are lipids except

A)cholesterol.
B)starch.
C)phospholipid.
D)wax.
E)triglyceride.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

A)an electron.
B)living.
C)matter.
D)energy.
E)space.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded

A)identical atoms.
B)carbon atoms.
C)ions.
D)atoms of different electronegativity.
E)atoms of identical electronegativity.
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20
Cations are

A)charged subatomic particles.
B)atoms that have gained electrons.
C)radioactive isotopes.
D)capable of forming ionic bonds with anions.
E)atoms without protons.
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k this deck
21
One nucleotide contains

A)one phosphate.
B)one pentose.
C)one nitrogen base.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
The atomic number equals the number of __________ an atom possesses.

A)neutrons
B)protons
C)protons plus electrons
D)neutrons plus protons
E)electrons plus protons
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23
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

A)fatty acids
B)glycerol
C)phosphate
D)alcohol
E)All of the choices are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
If carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14, how many neutrons does it have?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)14
E)impossible to determine
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25
The neutrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of protons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
The purine bases in nucleic acids include

A)thymine and cytosine.
B)guanine and adenine.
C)cytosine and guanine.
D)adenine and thymine.
E)ribose and deoxyribose.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which is not true about enzymes?

A)found in all cells
B)are catalysts
C)participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D)can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E)have high-energy bonds between phosphates
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
ATP is best described as

A)an enzyme.
B)a double helix.
C)an electron carrier.
D)the energy molecule of cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?

A)valine
B)cysteine
C)serine
D)alanine
E)tyrosine
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Which of the following represents an exchange reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)X + Y → XYD
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
An amino acid contains all of the following, except

A)an amino group.
B)a carboxyl group.
C)a variable R group.
D)an a carbon.
E)a nitrogen base.
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k this deck
32
All of the following are polysaccharides, except

A)dextran in some bacterial slime layers.
B)agar used to make solid culture media.
C)a cell's glycocalyx.
D)cellulose in certain cell walls.
E)prostaglandins in inflammation.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?

A)triglycerides
B)monosaccharides
C)polypeptides
D)polysaccharides
E)ATP
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k this deck
34
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

A)contains ribose
B)contains adenine
C)contains thymine
D)contains uracil
E)contains nucleotides
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k this deck
35
A weak, attractive force between nearby molecules is called a/an

A)hydrogen bond.
B)covalent bond.
C)ionic bond.
D)peptide bond.
E)glycosidic bond.
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36
grams
C)40 grams
D)400 grams
E)None of the choices are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution.If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

A)amino acids
B)hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C)nitrogen and phosphorus
D)fatty acids
E)carbon atoms
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k this deck
38
A monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms will have _____ hydrogen atoms and _____ oxygen atoms.

A)10, 5
B)5, 10
C)5, 5
D)10, 10
E)2, 1
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39
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6→ C12 H22O11 + H2O represents

A)formation of a peptide bond.
B)a decomposition reaction.
C)denaturation.
D)formation of a polysaccharide.
E)dehydration synthesis.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
The nucleic acid that delivers the correct amino acid for protein synthesis is

A)rRNA.
B)DNA.
C)tRNA.
D)mRNA.
E)ATP.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution
B.
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k this deck
42
Which of the following is the stored form of carbohydrates in animals?

A)glycogen
B)maltose
C)starch
D)cellulose
E)galactose
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
Which of the following carbohydrates is found in dairy?

A)lactose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)glucose
E)fructose
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present.
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k this deck
45
Replication is the cellular mechanism for making a copy of its DNA.
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k this deck
46
The a helix and b-pleated sheet are examples of

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
E)gamma structures.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
Only charged atoms can form ionic bonds.
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k this deck
48
How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 than a solution with a pH of 6?

A)3
B)10
C)1000
D)36
E)63
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49
Elements have predictable chemical properties.
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k this deck
50
A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation.
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k this deck
51
Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus.
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52
All proteins are enzymes.
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53
All of the following are correct about triglycerides, except

A)they are insoluble in water.
B)they are a concentrated source of energy.
C)when they are unsaturated they are solid.
D)they dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
E)they are digested by lipases.
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Unlock for access to all 74 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
The type of chemical bond linking amino acids together is a(n)

A)glycosidic bond.
B)peptide bond.
C)ester bond.
D)ionic bond.
E)hydrogen bond.
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k this deck
55
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
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k this deck
56
Which of the following examples are NOT hydrophobic?

A)Glucose
B)Vegetable oil
C)Butter
D)Cholesterol
E)Choices B, C, and D are correct
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k this deck
57
The polynucleotide strands of DNA are linked along their length by __________ bonds between the bases.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)Van der Waals
D)double
E)hydrogen
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58
The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.
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59
Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules.
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60
Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.
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61
The total number of protons and neutrons of an element establishes its _____ number.
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62
In _____ reproduction, offspring arise from the division of a single parent cell into two identical progeny cells.
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63
Certain antibiotics are effective against bacteria that cause human infections because they target prokaryotic ribosomes.Discuss, in detail, how the drug attacking a pathogen's ribosomes will affect the cell.Discuss at least 3 specific detrimental results.
Unlock Deck
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k this deck
64
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
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65
A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _____.or
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66
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
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67
Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its _____.
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68
During protein synthesis, _____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA.
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69
Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called _____.
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70
Identify and provide specific examples of the classes of macromolecules that are associated with life.
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71
Compare and contrast the chemical and functional characteristics of DNA and RNA molecules.
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72
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
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73
Explain what radioisotopes are, and describe how they can be used to monitor the uptake of a specific biochemical by a microbial culture.
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74
_____ bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids.
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