Deck 16: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains areolar connective tissue,blood vessels,and adipose connective tissue?

A)Subarachnoid space
B)Epidural space
C)Central canal
D)Subdural space
E)Epiarachnoid space

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The _______ nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord send nerve impulses to skeletal muscles.

A)sensory
B)visceral sensory
C)somatic sensory
D)autonomic motor
E)somatic motor

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which are not spinal nerve branches?

A)Rami communicantes
B)Posterior rami
C)Anterior rami
D)Lateral rami
E)No exceptions;all of the choices are spinal nerve branches

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord that receive information from sensory receptors such as pain or pressure receptors in the skin are _____ nuclei.

A)sensory
B)visceral sensory
C)somatic sensory
D)autonomic motor
E)somatic motor

Question 5

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord,from superior to inferior?

A)Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar
B)Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal
C)Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - cervical - coccygeal
D)Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral
E)Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical

Question 6

The spinal cord part with the largest diameter is the ___________ part.

A)thoracic
B)cervical
C)lumbar
D)sacral
E)coccygeal

Question 7

This structure contains unmyelinated axons and serves as a communication route between the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord.

A)Gray commissure
B)White commissure
C)Lateral commissure
D)Posterior commissure
E)Denticulate ligaments

Question 8

There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves.

A)13
B)31
C)40
D)51
E)12

Question 9

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A)Epidural space
B)Subdural space
C)Subarachnoid space
D)Epiarachnoid space
E)Subpial space

Question 10

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

A)24-26 inches long.
B)12-14 inches long.
C)8-10 inches long.
D)16-18 inches long.
E)20-24 inches long.

Question 11

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain

A)axons of motor neurons and cell bodies of interneurons.
B)axons of sensory and motor neurons.
C)axons of interneurons.
D)axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons.
E)autonomic motor neurons.

Question 12

The thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx is the

A)conus medullaris.
B)cervical enlargement.
C)terminus coccyx.
D)filum terminale.
E)coccygeal tendon.

Question 13

A spinal nerve contains

A)motor axons only.
B)sensory axons only.
C)both motor axons and sensory axons.

Question 14

The inferior tip of the spinal cord is the ___________ part.

A)thoracic
B)lumbar
C)coccygeal
D)cervical
E)sacral

Question 15

These nuclei are located in the lateral horns and innervate smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands.

A)Sensory nuclei
B)Autonomic motor nuclei
C)Visceral sensory nuclei
D)Somatic sensory nuclei
E)Somatic motor nuclei

Question 16

The tapered,conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A)finalis.
B)medullaris.
C)equine.
D)caudalis.

Question 17

The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain

A)axons of motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies.
B)axons of sensory and motor neurons.
C)axons of interneurons.
D)axons of sensory neurons and interneuron cell bodies.
E)cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

Question 18

In a lumbar puncture (spinal tap),fluid is extracted from the

A)central canal of the spinal cord.
B)epidural space.
C)subdural space.
D)epiphyseal space.
E)subarachnoid space.

Question 19

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal and travel through an intervertebral foramen above or below the vertebra of the same number.The exception is

A)C4.
B)C8.
C)T1.
D)L5.
E)S8.

Question 20

The posterior ramus of a typical spinal nerve innervates the

A)deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back.
B)major thoracic and abdominal organs.
C)abdominal wall.
D)anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs.
E)special senses.

Question 21

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?
A: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS
B: A stimulus activates a receptor
C: Information is processed by interneurons
D: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector
E: Effector responds

A)a,b,c,d,e
B)b,a,c,d,e
C)c,b,a,e,d
D)c,a,b,d,e
E)b,d,c,a,e

Question 22

The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _________ nerve.

A)femoral
B)radial
C)sciatic
D)obturator
E)saphenous

Question 23

Following an injury to his arm,a patient complains that he cannot extend the forearm,wrist,and digits.You suspect that he has damaged the

A)median nerve.
B)radial nerve.
C)musculocutaneous nerve.
D)ulnar nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 24

This nerve helps to plant the foot.

A)Femoral nerve
B)Sciatic nerve
C)Obturator nerve
D)Genitofemoral nerve
E)Tibial nerve

Question 25

The plexuses that lie on either side of the neck are the _____ plexuses.

A)cervical
B)coccygeal
C)lumbar
D)radial
E)mandibular

Question 26

A network of interwoven anterior rami of spinal nerves is a

A)ramus.
B)communicans.
C)ganglion.
D)dermatome.
E)plexus.

Question 27

Following an injury to his arm,a patient complains that he has no sensations from his "pinky".You suspect that he has damaged the

A)median nerve.
B)radial nerve.
C)musculocutaneous nerve.
D)ulnar nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 28

A rapid,automatic,involuntary reaction of muscles or glands to a particular stimulus is a(an)

A)autonomic reaction.
B)motor impulse.
C)receptor stimulation.
D)reflex.
E)subconscious impulse.

Question 29

A person suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome has lost function of the

A)median nerve.
B)radial nerve.
C)musculocutaneous nerve.
D)ulnar nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 30

The nerve responsible for innervation (movement)of the quadriceps femoris muscle is the _____ nerve.

A)femoral
B)sciatic
C)obturator
D)genitofemoral
E)tibial

Question 31

The anterior ramus of a typical spinal nerve innervates the

A)deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back.
B)major thoracic and abdominal organs.
C)abdominal wall.
D)anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs.
E)special senses.

Question 32

The anterior rami of T1-T11 are called

A)dorsal plexuses.
B)anterior plexuses.
C)intercostal nerves.
D)branchial nerves.
E)cervical nerves.

Question 33

Which spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus?

A)S1-Co1
B)L1-L5
C)C5-T1
D)L4-S4
E)C1-C5

Question 34

Injury to this nerve causes the condition known as sciatica.

A)Femoral nerve
B)Sciatic nerve
C)Obturator nerve
D)Genitofemoral nerve
E)Tibial nerve

Question 35

Following an injury to his arm,a patient complains that he has lost the ability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm.You suspect that he has damaged the

A)median nerve.
B)radial nerve.
C)musculocutaneous nerve.
D)ulnar nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 36

Following an injury to his arm,a patient complains that he has no sensations from the thumb,index finger,middle finger,and part of the ring finger.You suspect that he has damaged the

A)median nerve.
B)radial nerve.
C)musculocutaneous nerve.
D)ulnar nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 37

The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the _________ plexus.

A)cervical
B)brachial
C)branchial
D)lumbar
E)coccygeal

Question 38

The plexus that travels through the axillary region is the

A)cervical.
B)coccygeal.
C)sacral.
D)lumbar.
E)brachial.

Question 39

This nerve receives sensation from the skin of the external genitalia.

A)Pudendal nerve
B)Sciatic nerve
C)Obturator nerve
D)Genitofemoral nerve
E)Tibial nerve

Question 40

If a person suffers a thorax-crushing injury and is unable to breathe properly,you would suspect that this nerve was damaged.

A)Transverse cervical nerve
B)Accessory nerve
C)Phrenic nerve
D)Sciatic nerve
E)Greater auricular nerve

Question 41

This figure shows a cross section of a vertebra and the spinal cord.What structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Epidural space
B)Pia mater
C)Subarachnoid space
D)Central canal
E)Dura mater

Question 42

The reflex that elevates the testes within the scrotum when the medial side of the thigh is briskly stroked is a(n)_____ reflex.

A)plantar
B)abdominal
C)cremasteric
D)genital
E)scrotal

Question 43

The plexus formed from the anterior rami of L4-S4 is the ________ plexus.

A)intercostal
B)cervical
C)brachial
D)lumbar
E)sacral

Question 44

This figure shows the spinal cord and spinal nerves.What structure does number 3 indicate?

A)Cervical plexus
B)Brachial plexus
C)Cervical enlargement
D)Lumbosacral enlargement
E)Sacral plexus

Question 45

Which of these spinal nerve counts is incorrect?

A)Thoracic nerves = 8 pairs
B)Cervical nerves = 8 pairs
C)Lumbar nerves = 5 pairs
D)Sacral nerves = 5 pairs
E)Coccygeal nerves = 1 pair

Question 46

Late one night you are leaving the science building during a massive snowstorm.As you approach your car,your right foot suddenly slips on a patch of ice.Your left leg immediately stiffens as you try to regain your balance.The reflex action you relied upon is most correctly known as a(n)

A)multisynaptic reflex.
B)unilateral reflex.
C)ipsilateral reflex.
D)contralateral reflex.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 47

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n)_____ reflex.

A)ipsilateral
B)contralateral
C)monosynaptic
D)crossed-extensor
E)multisynaptic

Question 48

The nerves projecting inferiorly from the spinal cord are collectively called the

A)terminal finale.
B)cauda equina.
C)terminus filus.
D)caudal terminale.
E)caudus finalis.

Question 49

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

A)monosynaptic.
B)polysynaptic.
C)ipsilateral.
D)contralateral.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 50

A diminished reflex response that may indicate damage to a segment of the spinal cord is a(n)_____ reflex.

A)hypoactive
B)hyperactive
C)diminutive
D)ponderous
E)excessive

Question 51

The Golgi tendon reflex

A)helps to overcome pain.
B)aids in sending sensory information to the muscles.
C)prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively.
D)prevents muscles from contracting.
E)helps to gain balance through a complex series of muscular contractions.

Question 52

A monosynaptic reflex that monitors and regulates skeletal muscle length is a _____ reflex.

A)withdrawal
B)flexor
C)Golgi tendon
D)stretch
E)hypoactive

Question 53

What reflex flexes the toes when the inferior surface of the foot is stroked?

A)Cremasteric reflex
B)Patellar reflex
C)Abdominal reflex
D)Achilles reflex
E)Plantar reflex

Question 54

The embryonic feature that gives rise to the anterior and lateral horns of gray matter and part of the gray commissure is the _____ plate.

A)basal
B)alar
C)ulnar
D)anterior
E)posterior

Question 55

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A)Golgi tendon
B)withdrawal
C)stretch
D)pain
E)motor

Question 56

The simplest reflex is the _____ reflex.

A)multisynaptic
B)unilateral
C)monosynaptic
D)polysynaptic
E)multilateral

Question 57

This figure shows the spinal cord and spinal nerves.What structure does number 2 indicate?

A)Dura mater
B)Filum terminale
C)Cauda equina
D)Conus medullaris
E)Posterior rootlets

Question 58

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

A)posterior root ganglion.
B)anterior funiculus.
C)gray commissure.
D)anterior horn.
E)posterior funiculus.

Question 59

The adult spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the _____ vertebra.

A)S₄
B)L₁
C)L₆
D)S₁
E)T₈

Question 60

This figure shows the spinal cord and spinal nerves.What structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Dura mater
B)Filum terminale
C)Cauda equina
D)Conus medullaris
E)Posterior rootlets

Question 61

The spinal cord and spinal nerves are exclusively responsible for some reflexes.

Question 62

This figure shows neuron pathways and nuclei locations.What type of nuclei does number 1 indicate?

A)Somatic motor nuclei
B)Autonomic motor nuclei
C)Visceral sensory nuclei
D)Somatic sensory nuclei
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 63

This figure shows an anterior view of the spinal cord and meninges.What structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Anterior root
B)Posterior root
C)Anterior root ganglion
D)Posterior root ganglion
E)Gray commissure

Question 64

A dermatome is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Question 65

In the brain,the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter,but in the spinal cord,gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.

Question 66

The spinal cord allows for two-way communication between the brain and body.

Question 67

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.

Question 68

This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord.What structure does number 4 indicate?

A)Posterior median sulcus
B)White commissure
C)Anterior funiculus
D)Lateral funiculus
E)Anterior median fissure

Question 69

This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord.What structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Lateral horn
B)Anterior horn
C)Gray commissure
D)Posterior horn
E)Posterior funiculus

Question 70

A ___________ is a specific segment of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Question 71

This figure shows neuron pathways and nuclei locations.What type of nuclei does number 2 indicate?

A)Somatic motor nuclei
B)Autonomic motor nuclei
C)Visceral sensory nuclei
D)Somatic sensory nuclei
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 72

In general,nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

Question 73

This figure shows spinal nerve branches.What structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Anterior ramus
B)Posterior ramus
C)Rami communicantes
D)Sympathetic trunk ganglion
E)Posterior root ganglion

Question 74

This figure shows an anterior view of the spinal cord and meninges.What structure does number 7 indicate?

A)Arachnoid
B)Pia mater
C)Dura mater
D)Gray matter
E)White matter

Question 75

This figure shows spinal nerve branches.What structures are indicated by number 4?

A)Anterior rami
B)Posterior rami
C)Rami communicantes
D)Sympathetic trunk ganglia
E)Posterior root ganglia

Question 76

Interneurons are not involved in a typical monosynaptic reflex.

Question 77

There is no delay between stimulus and response in a polysynaptic reflex.

Question 78

This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord.What structure does number 2 indicate?

A)Lateral horn
B)Anterior horn
C)Gray commissure
D)Posterior horn
E)Posterior funiculus

Question 79

This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord.What structure does number 3 indicate?

A)Posterior funiculus
B)White commissure
C)Anterior funiculus
D)Lateral funiculus
E)Anterior median fissure