Deck 2: The Cell: Basic Unit of Structure and Function

Question 1

Among the factors that influence cell membrane permeability are

A)phospholipid composition of the membrane.
B)ionic charge along the membrane.
C)presence or absence of transport proteins.
D)molecule size.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of these is considered a "gate keeper" that regulates the passage of materials in or out of the cell?

A)Cilia
B)Plasma membrane
C)Lysosome
D)Cholesterol molecule
E)Flagellum

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called _____ proteins.

A)catalytic
B)cytoskeleton
C)transport
D)cell-to-cell recognition (identification)
E)intercellular attachment

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Human body cells have many functions,including

A)making connections.
B)providing for defense.
C)lining surfaces.
D)producing new cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the

A)transmission electron microscope.
B)light microscope.
C)scanning electron microscope.
D)dissecting scope.
E)ocular examination method.

Question 6

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by

A)ion pumps.
B)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C)osmosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 7

The ______ is the cell's control center.

A)Golgi apparatus
B)nucleus
C)lysosome
D)cytosol
E)smooth ER

Question 8

The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the

A)scanning electron microscope.
B)transmission electron microscope.
C)light microscope.
D)naked eye.
E)telescope.

Question 9

Which is a passive transport process?

A)Phagocytosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)Osmosis
E)Ion pump

Question 10

Which is a nonmembrane-bound organelle?

A)Microtubule
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)Mitochondrion

Question 11

Proteins that are embedded within,and extend across,the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.

A)catalytic
B)integral
C)cytoskeleton
D)peripheral
E)transport

Question 12

The unit of measurement often used to measure cell size is the

A)millimeter.
B)micrometer.
C)hectometer.
D)centimeter.
E)meter.

Question 13

Which is an active transport process?

A)Simple diffusion
B)Bulk filtration
C)Osmosis
D)Facilitated diffusion
E)Ion pump

Question 14

Which are not considered to be "inclusions" in the cytoplasm?

A)Melanin droplets
B)Protein droplets
C)Ribosomes
D)Glycogen granules
E)Lipid droplets

Question 15

Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place,maintaining cell shape and rigidity,and direct organelle movement?

A)Centrioles
B)Flagella
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Microtubules
E)Cilia

Question 16

Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.

A)Peroxisomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi apparatus
E)Lysosomes

Question 17

The _________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.

A)lysosomes
B)microfilaments
C)nucleoli
D)ribosomes
E)mitochondria

Question 18

Another name for the intracellular fluid is

A)cytosol.
B)interstitial fluid.
C)intercellular matrix.
D)cytoplasm.
E)cisternae.

Question 19

Functions of human body cells include

A)covering.
B)storage.
C)movement.
D)communication.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The _______ is responsible for forming the outer,limiting barrier of a cell.

A)peroxisome
B)ribosome
C)mitochondrion
D)plasma membrane
E)centrosome

Question 21

Removal of old organelles is via a process called

A)pinocytosis.
B)autophagy.
C)autolysis.
D)filtration.
E)vascularization.

Question 22

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and/or secretion?

A)Flagella
B)Microvilli
C)Cilia
D)Cilia and flagella
E)Cilia and microvilli

Question 23

Which is not a membrane-bound organelle?

A)Endoplasmic reticulum
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Peroxisome
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)thymus
E)pituitary

Question 25

The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called

A)nucleoli.
B)nucleotides.
C)bases.
D)nucleic acids.
E)nuclear pores.

Question 26

Bulk filtration occurs as a result of

A)molecular movement with carrier assistance.
B)hydrostatic pressure.
C)the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
D)concentration gradients.
E)ion pumps.

Question 27

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

A)matrix.
B)vesicles.
C)vacuoles.
D)cristae.
E)cisternae.

Question 28

Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton?

A)Microtubules
B)Microfilaments
C)Intermediate filaments
D)Centrosomes
E)Centrioles

Question 29

During its mitotic phase a cell is

A)undergoing maintenance.
B)dividing.
C)hibernating.
D)changing into a gamete.
E)going from a gamete to a somatic cell.

Question 30

Since they produce ribosome subunits,one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize

A)energy sources.
B)pigments.
C)solubility-enhancing substances.
D)steroid hormones.
E)proteins.

Question 31

The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are a part of the mitotic spindle are called

A)centrioles.
B)nucleoli.
C)microvilli.
D)cilia.
E)vesicles.

Question 32

The function of the nucleolus is to make

A)DNA molecules.
B)the subunits of ribosomes.
C)the secretions that will be packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
D)histones.
E)the deoxyribose sugar.

Question 33

In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol,the ______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)small intestine
D)pancreas
E)stomach

Question 34

Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E)Diamine

Question 35

The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of

A)phagocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
E)simple diffusion.

Question 36

Exocytosis occurs as a result of

A)hydrostatic pressure.
B)the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
C)molecular movement with carrier assistance.
D)concentration gradients.
E)ion pumps.

Question 37

In humans,the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.

A)kidney
B)oocyte
C)red blood
D)brain
E)sperm

Question 38

All resting nucleated human cells contain

A)melanin.
B)chromosomes.
C)chromatin.
D)insulin.
E)glycogen.

Question 39

Which are often associated with mucin-secreting goblet cells?

A)Cilia
B)Flagellum
C)Microvilli
D)Ribosomes
E)Cisternae

Question 40

The factor that determines the number of mitochondria in a cell is its _______ need.

A)water
B)protein
C)energy
D)stimulus
E)fat

Question 41

The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)telophase.
D)prophase.
E)interphase.

Question 42

The last part of interphase is called

A)the first "gap" phase.
B)the second "gap" phase.
C)telophase.
D)the S phase.
E)anaphase.

Question 43

The term "flagellum" is appropriate for the structure it represents because it means

A)an eyelid.
B)the center.
C)a nut or kernel.
D)a whip.
E)a bench.

Question 44

Metastasis is

A)the abnormal development of a tissue.
B)the movement or spread of malignant cells.
C)an obvious loss of cellular or structural differentiation in the orientation of cells to each other.
D)a generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ.
E)an increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ.

Question 45

The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the

A)first "gap" phase.
B)S phase.
C)second "gap" phase.
D)generation "gap" phase.

Question 46

The interphase period of cell division has ______ distinct phases.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 47

It is during ______ that the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of a dividing cell.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)prophase
D)telophase
E)interphase

Question 48

Hyperplasia is defined as

A)the abnormal development of a tissue.
B)the movement or spread of malignant cells.
C)an abnormal growth of cells that invades surrounding tissue.
D)a generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ.
E)an increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ.

Question 49

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mitosis?

A)Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
B)Metaphase - prophase - anaphase - telophase
C)Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
D)Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase
E)Prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase

Question 50

Some cells are designed solely to produce new individuals.

Question 51

Fibroblast cells form protein fibers that function to attach structures together.

Question 52

Which is not characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis?

A)Chromatin degradation
B)Shrinkage in volume
C)Abnormal development in organelle structure
D)Abnormal development in plasma membrane structure
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 53

The life cycle of the cell is called the _____ cycle.

A)mitotic
B)motor
C)somatic
D)cell
E)armstrong

Question 54

The root "chroma" means

A)body.
B)characteristic.
C)strength.
D)color.
E)condition.

Question 55

Often,a cell's functions are reflected in either its size or shape.

Question 56

Among the many functions of the liver's cells is the storage of carbohydrates as glycogen.

Question 57

Some muscle and nerve cells in humans may approach a meter in length.

Question 58

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)uses an electron beam to create an image for viewing.

Question 59

The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)telophase.
D)prophase.
E)S phase.

Question 60

Which does not occur during the G₂ phase?

A)Centriole replication is completed.
B)Organelle production continues.
C)Enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized.
D)Each DNA molecule replicates.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

Within the bone marrow are __________ cells that continuously produce new blood cells.

Question 62

Generally,the shape of a nucleus mirrors the shape of the cell within which it is found.

Question 63

Metaplasia is the abnormal transformation of a fully differentiated adult tissue into a differentiated tissue of another kind.

Question 64

Among the functions of the plasma membrane are to form specialized intercellular connections,provide for selective permeability,and facilitate the recognition and response to molecular signals.

Question 65

Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.

Question 66

The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.

Question 67

The subunits of ribosomes are exported outside the nucleus into the cytoplasm,where they are assembled into their finished product.

Question 68

Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.

Question 69

Cancers are more prevalent in the elderly because the mechanism of cell division becomes faultier with age.

Question 70

If the inside of a cell has a net negative (ionic)charge,a negative ion outside the membrane is more likely to be attracted to the intracellular environment.

Question 71

Organelles that are always in direct contact with the cytosol are called nonmembrane-bound organelles.

Question 72

The condensed,"wound" nature of chromosomes during cell division prevents the DNA from directing the production of additional cellular proteins.

Question 73

The cellular uptake of large particulate substances and macromolecules is called endocytosis.

Question 74

Collagen produced by ____________ cells forms ligaments that attach bone to bone.

Question 75

_____________ are short,membrane-attached projections containing microtubules that occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces.

Question 76

Mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of most of the energy-rich ATP molecules used by human cells.

Question 77

Ribosomes that are attached to the RER are called "free ribosomes".

Question 78

Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a vesicle.

Question 79

_____________ is the general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Question 80

Materials tend to move less rapidly when their concentrations are significantly different between two compartments.