Deck 1: Chemistry and Measurement

Question 1

Two types of pure substances are

A)compounds and heterogeneous solutions.
B)compounds and elements.
C)elements and homogeneous solutions.
D)compounds and homogeneous solutions.
E)elements and heterogeneous solutions.

Answer 1

compounds and elements.

Question 2

A sample of magnesium is burned in oxygen to form magnesium oxide.What mass of oxygen is consumed if 74.62 g magnesium oxide is formed from 45.00 g magnesium?

A)29.62 g
B)119.62 g
C)3358.06 g
D)0.60 g
E)none of the above.

Answer 2

29.62 g

Question 3

All the following are examples of chemical changes except

A)aging.
B)photosynthesis.
C)fermentation.
D)perspiration.
E)respiration.

Answer 3

perspiration.

Question 4

The state of matter for an object that has a definite volume but not a definite shape is the

A)elemental state.
B)gaseous state.
C)mixed state.
D)liquid state.
E)solid state.

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning experiment and explanation is/are true?
1)A law is always given in the form of a mathematical expression.
2)Once a hypothesis passes one or two tests it is considered a theory.
3)Observation is a key component of the scientific method.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Question 6

Which of the following is a mixture?

A)a homogeneous solution of sugar dissolved in water
B)bromine (a liquid with the formula Br₂)
C)sucrose (table sugar: the formula is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)
D)graphite (an allotrope of carbon)
E)calcium oxide (CaO or lime)

Question 7

The state of matter for an object that has both definite volume and definite shape is the

A)gaseous state.
B)solid state.
C)mixed state.
D)elemental state.
E)liquid state.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A)The combustion of methane (a component of natural gas)is a chemical change.
B)The melting of ice is a physical change.
C)The dissolution of sugar in water is a chemical change.
D)The decomposition of sugar into carbon and water when mixed with sulfuric acid is a chemical change.
E)The evaporation of gasoline is a physical change.

Question 9

A 7.45 g sample of calcium carbonate completely decomposes into calcium oxide (lime)and carbon dioxide gas when heated.If 4.17 g calcium oxide is produced,what mass of carbon dioxide must have been formed?

A)3.28 g
B)11.62 g
C)31.10 g
D)0.56 g
E)2.48 g

Question 10

A clear colorless liquid in an open beaker was heated to boiling.The liquid began to boil at 110°C,and as vapors escaped,the temperature of boiling gradually increased to 115°C,at which point the heating was stopped.On the basis of this information,we can say that the material in the beaker was a

A)pure compound.
B)homogeneous solution.
C)pure substance.
D)pure element.
E)heterogeneous solution.

Question 11

All of the following are homogeneous mixtures except

A)sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
B)hydrogen gas and chlorine gas.
C)sodium chloride and potassium chloride solution.
D)mercury-zinc solution.
E)hydrochloric acid solution.

Question 12

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

A)gasoline
B)vegetable oil and water
C)sugar dissolved in water
D)A and C
E)A,B,and C

Question 13

All of the following are examples of mixtures except

A)supermarket salt.
B)distilled water.
C)soft water.
D)hard water.
E)drugstore hydrogen peroxide.

Question 14

A solution is a

A)pure element.
B)pure mixture.
C)heterogeneous mixture.
D)homogeneous mixture.
E)pure compound.

Question 15

A sample that cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical means is

A)a heterogeneous mixture.
B)a compound.
C)either a compound or an element.
D)an element.
E)a homogeneous mixture.

Question 16

What is a scientific theory?

A)It is a collection of experimental data.
B)It is an assertion of scientific fact.
C)It is a guess or conjecture about natural phenomena.
D)It is a fundamental relationship of nature.
E)It is an explanation of natural phenomena that has undergone significant testing.

Question 17

In a certain chemical reaction,9.11 g of compound A is added to 8.82 g of compound B.Once the reaction is complete,1.38 g of compound A and 1.61 g of compound B remain.What mass of products was produced?

A)20.92 g
B)7.21 g
C)14.94 g
D)7.73 g
E)2.99 g

Question 18

An untested explanation of a series of experimental observations is called _____.

A)a hypothesis
B)a theory
C)a law
D)an experiment
E)the scientific method

Question 19

A saline solution similar to that used for intravenous drips is made by dissolving 0.45 g sodium chloride in 50.00 g water.Which of the following statements concerning the saline solution and the law of conservation of mass is/are correct?
1)The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of water.
2)The mass of the saline solution is equal to the combined mass of sodium chloride and water.
3)The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of the sodium chloride.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Question 20

A sample of cesium carbonate,weighing 3.80 g,requires 1.90 g of hydrogen bromide gas to completely decompose to water,cesium bromide,and carbon dioxide gas.The total mass of water and cesium bromide formed is 5.20 g and no hydrogen bromide or cesium carbonate remains.According to the law of conservation of mass,what mass of carbon dioxide must have been formed?

A)0.50 g
B)1.40 g
C)5.49 g
D)10.90 g
E)1.90 g

Question 21

How many significant figures are there in the value 0.0227 nm?

A)4
B)3
C)2
D)5
E)6

Question 22

How many significant figures are there in the number 8.100?

A)1
B)5
C)3
D)4
E)2

Question 23

How many significant figures are there in the measured value 73.150?

A)2
B)3
C)6
D)5
E)4

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A)silver tarnishing
B)iodine sublimating
C)alcohol boiling
D)sucrose dissolving
E)sodium chloride melting

Question 25

How many significant figures are there in the number 0.04560700?

A)4
B)9
C)8
D)5
E)7

Question 26

The number of significant figures in 7.3748 × 10^-1 dm is

A)5.
B)6.
C)3.
D)7.
E)4.

Question 27

The boiling of water is a

A)physical change because the water merely disappears.
B)chemical change because heat is needed for the process to occur.
C)physical change because the gaseous water is chemically the same as the liquid.
D)chemical and physical change.
E)chemical change because a gas (steam)is given off.

Question 28

How many significant figures should be reported for the difference between 235.9237 mL and 235.57 mL?

A)7
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)5

Question 29

All the following are characteristic properties of phosphorus.Which one is a chemical property?

A)When exposed to air,white phosphorus will burn spontaneously,but red phosphorus will not.
B)Red phosphorus and white phosphorus are solid allotropic forms.
C)The white form is soluble in liquid carbon disulfide but is insoluble in water.
D)The red form of phosphorus is insoluble in both water and carbon disulfide.
E)The red form melts at about 600°C,and the white form melts at 44°C.

Question 30

Express the number 0.000114 in scientific notation.

A)​0.114 × 10^-3
B)1.14 ​× 10⁴
C)1.14 ​× 10²
D)​1.14 × 10^-4
E)114 ​× 10^-6

Question 31

Which of the following is a chemical property of copper?

A)It is easily malleable.
B)It melts at 1085°C.
C)It conducts electricity.
D)Its density is 8.92 g/cm³.
E)It dissolves in certain acids.

Question 32

Express the result of the following calculation in scientific notation: 503 cm × 355 cm

A)17.9 × 10⁴cm²
B)17.9 × 10⁵cm2
C)2 × 104cm²
D)2 × 10⁶cm2
E)2 × 10⁵cm2

Question 33

The property of a series of repeated measurements that is most directly related to precision is

A)the number of place holders in each measurement.
B)the reproducibility of each measurement.
C)the exactness of each measurement.
D)the accuracy of each measurement.
E)the number of significant figures in each measurement.

Question 34

The term that is related to the reproducibility (repeatability)of a measurement is

A)accuracy.
B)qualitative.
C)quantitative.
D)precision.
E)property.

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A)alcohol evaporating
B)water boiling
C)skin burning in the sun
D)iodine vaporizing
E)ice melting

Question 36

Express the result of the following calculation in scientific notation: 0.0557 cm² ÷ 98.4 cm

A)6 × 10⁵ cm
B)6 × 10⁴ cm
C)6 × 10^-3 cm
D)6 × 10^-4 cm
E)6 × 10³ cm

Question 37

The figure below represents the bull's eye target for an archer.The black dots represent where the archer's arrows hit: How can this archer be described?

A)precise but not accurate
B)neither accurate nor precise
C)accurate and precise
D)accurate but not precise
E)cannot be described from the data presented

Question 38

The number of significant figures in 0.090900 × 10^-4 is

A)6.
B)4.
C)3.
D)7.
E)5.

Question 39

What is the best answer to the following expression?
(59)54 cm + 0.773 cm + 4.7403 cm - 53.1 cm)

A)12 cm
B)11.9533 cm
C)11.953 cm
D)11.95 cm
E)12.0 cm

Question 40

The correct value of the expression is

A)​1×10.
B)​1×10⁵¹⁰.
C)​1×10^-350.
D)​1×10^-430.
E)​1×10^-120.

Question 41

A student is working on converting a number that has a unit with the SI prefix milli- to a unit that has the prefix mega-.Using your knowledge about the relative sizes that milli- and mega- represent,how should the student convert the number?

A)The student should multiply the number by 10⁹.
B)The student should multiply the number by 10⁶.
C)The student should divide the number by 10⁶.
D)The student should use the number as is.
E)The student should divide the number by 10⁹.

Question 42

4.41 seconds contain this many nanoseconds.

A)4.41 × 10⁹
B)4.41 × 10¹⁰
C)4.41 × 10¹²
D)4.41 × 10⁸
E)4.41 × 10⁷

Question 43

Four samples were weighed using three different balances.(All are as accurate as the precision indicates.)The masses are 0.94 kg,58.2 g,1.55 g,and 250 mg.The total mass should be reported as

A)1.000 kg.
B)1.0000 kg.
C)1.00 kg.
D)1.00000 kg.
E)1.0 kg.

Question 44

The melting point and the normal boiling point of water can be used to calibrate thermometers.What are these respective temperatures in kelvins?

A)273 and 373
B)32 and 212
C)100 and 273
D)0 and 100
E)0 and 373

Question 45

What is the correct answer to the following expression?
2)96 × 10^-10 + 1.01 × 10^-12

A)2.9701 × 10^-10
B)2.970 × 10^-10
C)3 × 10^-10
D)3.0 × 10^-10
E)2.97 × 10^-10

Question 46

How many 100-mg aspirin tablets can be made from 10.0 kg of aspirin?

A)10,000,000
B)1,000,000
C)1000
D)10,000
E)100,000

Question 47

Which is the largest mass?

A)10 dg
B)10 cg
C)10 pg
D)10 ng
E)10 mg

Question 48

4.9 seconds contain this many picoseconds.

A)4.9 × 10⁹
B)4.9 × 10¹²
C)4.9 × 10^-9
D)4.9 × 10^-12
E)4.9 × 10¹⁵

Question 49

What is the best answer to the following expression involving a sum of measurements?
(52)706 cm + 0.734 cm + 14.4 cm)

A)68 cm
B)67.8400 cm
C)67.84 cm
D)67.840 cm
E)67.8 cm

Question 50

Order the four metric units from smallest to largest.
1)kiloliter 2)centiliter 3)nanoliter 4)milliliter

A)1)< 2)< 4)< 3)
B)3)< 4)< 2)< 1)
C)4)< 3)< 2)< 1)
D)2)< 3)< 1)< 4)
E)1)< 2)< 3)< 4)

Question 51

The boiling point of chlorine is 172 K.This temperature corresponds to

A)-82°C.
B)101°C.
C)172°C.
D)-172°C.
E)-101°C.

Question 52

In the area of nano-chemistry,particles defined as nanoparticles range in size from 1-2500 nm.1 nm is equivalent to 1 × 10^-9 m.If the size of the particles that make up a particular material is 1.23 × 10^-8 cm,what is this size in nanometers?

A)12,300 nm
B)1.23 nm
C)0.123 nm
D)1230 nm
E)123 nm

Question 53

Which of the following sets of units is not in the order of increasing size?

A)cPa < dPa < kPa
B)μL < dL < L
C)ns < ms < s
D)pm < mm < nm
E)μg < mg < cg

Question 54

The melting point of nitrogen is 63 K.What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?

A)63°C
B)-336°C
C)-63°C
D)-210.°C
E)483°C

Question 55

What is the best answer to report for

A)2.900 g/mL
B)2.9003 g/mL
C)2.9 g/mL
D)2.90 g/mL
E)2.90025 g/mL

Question 56

The best answer to report for 352.94 - 36.0342 is _____.

A)317
B)316.9058
C)316.906
D)316.9
E)316.91

Question 57

The melting point of a solid is 41°F.This corresponds to

A)296 K.
B)314 K.
C)289 K.
D)278 K.

Question 58

The distance between atoms is sometimes given in picometers,where 1 pm is equivalent to 1 × 10^-12 m.If the distance between the layers of atoms in a particular compound is given as 338 pm,what is the distance in cm?

A)3.38 × 10^-6 cm
B)3.38 × 10^-14 cm
C)3.38 × 10^-12 cm
D)3.38 × 10^-8 cm
E)3.38 × 10^-10 cm

Question 59

The radius of a circle is measured to be 4.03 cm.How should the circle's area be reported? (A = πr²)

A)51 cm²
B)51.022 cm²
C)51.02225 cm²
D)51.0222 cm²
E)51.02 cm²

Question 60

A particular liquid boils at -260°F.What is its boiling point on the Kelvin scale?

A)146 K
B)129 K
C)111 K
D)161 K
E)229 K

Question 61

What is the mass of H₂SO₄ in a 41.8-cm³ sample of sulfuric acid that has a density of 1.49 g/cm³ and consists of 51.9% H₂SO₄?

A)120 g
B)62.3 g
C)14.6 g
D)1.85 g
E)32.3 g

Question 62

The melting point of a particular solid is 2631 K.This corresponds to

A)4276°F.
B)2904°C.
C)2297°C.
D)4212°F.
E)1342°F.

Question 63

Calculate the mass of aluminum that occupies the same volume as 95.7 g of cobalt.The density of cobalt is 8.90 g/cm³ and the density of aluminum is 2.71 g/cm³.

A)0.252 g
B)29.1 g
C)2 × 10³ g
D)0.00318 g
E)3.96 g

Question 64

The Rankine (^oRa)temperature scale is often used in engineering.Like the Kelvin scale,the Rankine scale is an absolute temperature scale; but the size of a Rankine degree is the same as the size of a Fahrenheit degree.Thus,0 K = 0^oRa and 0^oF = 459.67^oRa.What is the temperature 330.7^oRa expressed on the Fahrenheit scale?

A)790.4^oF
B)1054.9^oF
C)603.9^oF
D)330.7^oF
E)-129.0^oF

Question 65

The Rankine (^oRa)temperature scale is often used in engineering.Like the Kelvin scale,the Rankine scale is an absolute temperature scale; but the size of a Rankine degree is the same as the size of a Fahrenheit degree.Thus,0 K = 0^oRa and 0^oF = 459.67^oRa.What is the temperature23.3^oC expressed on the Rankine scale?

A)533.6^oRa
B)296.5^oRa
C)23.3oRa
D)41.9^oRa
E)315.1^oRa

Question 66

A thin sheet of iridium metal that is 3.12 cm by 5.21 cm has a mass of 87.2 g and a thickness of 2.360 mm.What is the density of iridium?

A)22.600 g/cm³
B)2.260 g/cm³
C)3.36 × 10³ g/cm³
D)0.044 g/cm³
E)0.441 g/cm³

Question 67

The melting point of a certain solid is -39°C.This corresponds to

A)-13°F.
B)-39°F.
C)-38°F.
D)-128°F.
E)10°F.

Question 68

Four cubes of equal mass are made of lead (density = 11.3 g/cm³),silver (10.5 g/cm³),iron (7.90 g/cm³),and aluminum (2.70 g/cm³).Which cube has the longest edge?

A)lead
B)iron
C)silver
D)all four cubes have the same length edge
E)aluminum

Question 69

What is the volume of a cube that has an edge length of 0.017 m?

A)4.9 × 10^-3 m³
B)4.9 × 10^-3 km³
C)4.9 × 10^-3 cm³
D)4.9 × 10^-3 mm³
E)4.9 cm³

Question 70

A particular sheet of paper measures 8.5 × 6.5 inches.What is the surface area of one side of the paper in cm²? (2.54 cm = 1 in exactly)

A)1 × 10² cm²
B)6 × 10¹ cm²
C)4 × 10² cm²
D)2 × 10¹ cm²
E)8.6 cm²

Question 71

The specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius.A 75.0-g sample of an unknown substance absorbed 2.93 kJ of energy as it changed from a temperature of 23.2°C to 95.4°C.What is the specific heat of the unknown substance?

A)541 kJ/(g ⋅°C)
B)0.541 J/(g ⋅°C)
C)5.41 kJ/(g ⋅°C)
D)54.1 kJ/(g ⋅°C)
E)0.541 kJ/(g ⋅°C)

Question 72

What volume of a pure liquid (density 0.860 g/mL)has a mass of 0.360 kg?

A)4.19 × 10² mL
B)2.39 × 10^-3 mL
C)3.10 × 10^-1 mL
D)2.380 mL
E)4.19 × 10^-1 mL

Question 73

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding derived SI units?

A)The SI unit of volume is derived from the SI unit of length.
B)One milliliter is equivalent to one cubic centimeter.
C)A derived SI unit may also contain a non-SI unit.
D)Density is a derived SI unit.
E)The SI unit of energy (joule)is equivalent to kg⋅m²⋅s^-2.

Question 74

An irregularly shaped metal was weighed by the following difference:
Watch glass + metal = 56.7813 g
Watch glass = 35.4725 g
The volume of the metal was determined by placing the metal in a graduated cylinder that had water in it and measuring the volume difference.
Graduated cylinder + water + metal = 14.15 mL
Graduated cylinder + water = 11.25 mL
The density should be reported as

A)7.348 g/mL.
B)7.35 g/mL.
C)7.4 g/mL.
D)7.3 g/mL.
E)7.3479 g/mL.

Question 75

What is the mass of NH₃ in a 80.0-cm³ sample that has a density of 0.92 g/cm³ and consists of 20% (by mass)NH₃?

A)15 g
B)20 g
C)45 g
D)74 g
E)25 g

Question 76

A piece of metal (mass = 18.300 g)is placed in 11.00 mL of chloroform (d = 1.498 g/mL)in a 25-mL graduated cylinder.The chloroform level increases to 15.46 mL.The best value for density of this metal from these data is

A)1.18 g/mL.
B)2.74 g/mL.
C)4.103 g/mL.
D)6.15 g/mL.
E)4.10 g/mL.

Question 77

In addition to mass,which property of matter must be known to calculate its volume?

A)specific heat
B)temperature
C)molecular weight
D)density
E)pressure

Question 78

What length of a cylindrical piece of tungsten wire having a radius of 2.11 mm has a mass of 66.6 g? The density of tungsten is 19.25 g/cm³.

A)2.47× 10^-3 m
B)1.79 × 10² m
C)2.47 × 10^-1 m
D)4.04 × 10^-2 m
E)4.04 × 10^-4 m

Question 79

A 0.391-kg sample of methylene chloride has a density of 1.326 g/cm³.Calculate its volume.

A)3390 cm³
B)0.000295 cm³
C)391 cm³
D)295 cm³
E)518 cm³

Question 80

A 3.60 cm³ sample of solid tin metal has a density of 5.770 g/cm³.What volume does this sample of tin occupy in its liquid state? The density of liquid tin is 6.990g/cm³.

A)2.97 cm³
B)4.36 cm³
C)0.09 cm³
D)145.00 cm³
E)0.23 cm³