Deck 2: Atoms, molecules, and Ions

Question 1

The symbol for tin is

A)T.
B)Tn.
C)Si.
D)Ti.
E)Sn.

Answer 1

Sn.

Question 2

The nucleus of a ¹⁹¹Ir nuclide contains

A)191 neutrons and 268 electrons.
B)77 protons and 191 neutrons.
C)191 protons and 114 electrons.
D)191 protons,77 neutrons,and 191 electrons.
E)77 protons and 114 neutrons.

Answer 2

77 protons and 114 neutrons.

Question 3

Which of the following conclusions regarding Rutherford's gold foil experiment is not consistent with the observations?

A)The nucleus occupies only a small portion of the space of an atom.
B)Most alpha particles travel straight through the gold foil.
C)The nucleus occupies a large amount of the atom space.
D)The nucleus,like the alpha particles used to bombard the gold foil,is positively charged.
E)Wide angle deflections result from a collision of an alpha particle and a gold atom nucleus.

Answer 3

The nucleus occupies a large amount of the atom space.

Question 4

Who discovered the electron?

A)Bohr
B)de Broglie
C)Rutherford
D)Heisenberg
E)Thomson

Question 5

Which one of the following lists gives the correct symbols for the elements phosphorus,potassium,silver,chlorine,and sulfur?

A)P,Po,Ag,Cl,S
B)K,Ag,Po,Cl,S
C)P,K,Ag,Cl,S
D)Ph,K,Ag,S,Cl
E)Ph,Po,Ag,Cl,S

Question 6

Cathode rays are

A)anions.
B)protons.
C)cations.
D)positrons.
E)electrons.

Question 7

A series of silicon-hydrogen compounds with the general formula Si_nH_2n+2 can be represented by the known compounds SiH₄,Si₂H₆,and Si₃H₈.This best illustrates the law of

A)multiple proportions.
B)conservation of charge.
C)definite composition.
D)conservation of mass.
E)conservation of atoms.

Question 8

The names of the elements whose symbols are Si,P,Mn,and S are,respectively,

A)silicon,phosphorus,manganese,and sulfur.
B)silicon,potassium,magnesium,and sulfur.
C)silver,phosphorus,magnesium,and sodium.
D)silver,potassium,manganese,and sodium.
E)silicon,potassium,manganese,and sulfur.

Question 9

If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct,Rutherford would have observed

A)alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
B)alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
C)alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
D)positive particles formed in the foil.
E)None of the above observations is consistent with the Thomson model of the atom.

Question 10

Which of the following lists gives the atomic symbols for potassium,magnesium,beryllium,and sodium?

A)Po,Mn,Br,Na
B)P,Mn,Be,Se
C)K,Mg,Be,Na
D)Pt,Mg,Be,Sc
E)K,Mn,Br,Na

Question 11

A subatomic particle is

A)a piece of an atom.
B)only found in the nucleus of an atom.
C)always positively charged.
D)larger than the nucleus of an atom.
E)always negatively charged.

Question 12

Who discovered the nucleus of an atom?

A)Thomson
B)de Broglie
C)Rutherford
D)Bohr
E)Heisenberg

Question 13

Which of the following is the atomic symbol for the element cobalt?

A)CO
B)Co
C)C
D)co
E)All of the above

Question 14

What is the symbol for the element phosphorus?

A)Po
B)P
C)Pt
D)K
E)Pr

Question 15

Experiments were carried out in which a beam of cathode rays was first bent by a magnetic field and then bent back by an electrostatic field until the beam hit the screen exactly where it had been hitting before the fields were applied.This experiment permitted the direct measurement of

A)the ratio of mass to charge of an electron.
B)the charge on the nucleus of an atom.
C)the charge on the electron.
D)the mass of the atom.
E)the mass of the electron.

Question 16

According to the law of multiple proportions:

A)the total mass is the same after a chemical change as before the change.
B)it is not possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound.
C)the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.
D)if the same two elements form two different compounds,they do so in the same ratio.
E)none of these

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)H₂O and HCl
B)NO and NO₂
C)NH₄ and NH₄Cl
D)ZnO₂ and ZnCl₂
E)CH₄ and CO₂

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the particulate representation depicted by the picture?

A)The figure is a representation of a gas made up of a single element.
B)The figure is a representation of a molecular solid.
C)The figure is a representation of a liquid mixture of two elements.
D)The figure is a representation of a liquid mixture of two compounds.
E)The figure is a representation of a gas of a compound.

Question 19

If two different nuclides have the same atomic number,it must mean that

A)they have the same atomic mass.
B)they have the same mass number.
C)they have the same number of protons.
D)they have the same number of electrons.
E)they have the same number of neutrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a correct name-symbol combination?

A)gallium,Ga
B)iron,Fe
C)nitrogen,N
D)argon,Ar
E)sodium,He

Question 21

Which combination of protons,neutrons,and electrons correctly represents a ⁵⁷Fe nuclide?

A)26 protons,31 neutrons,57 electrons
B)26 protons,31 neutrons,31 electrons
C)26 protons,31 neutrons,26 electrons
D)57 protons,26 neutrons,57 electrons
E)57 protons,26 neutrons,26 electrons

Question 22

If two different nuclides have the same mass number,it must mean that

A)the combined number of protons and neutrons are the same.
B)both have the same number of neutrons.
C)both have the same number of electrons.
D)both have the same number of protons.
E)they are isotopes.

Question 23

Which nuclide has the same number of protons as ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 24

The number of protons in a given nucleus determines the

A)mass number.
B)atomic number.
C)number of electrons.
D)number of protons.
E)number of isotopes.

Question 25

Suppose atom 1 has the same number of protons as atom 2,and atom 2 has the same number of neutrons as atom 3.Atom 1 does not have the same number of neutrons as atom 3.Which of the following statements is true?

A)Atom 3 must have the same number of protons as atom 2.
B)Atoms 1 and 2 must be isotopes.
C)Atoms 1 and 3 must be isotopes.
D)Atom 2 must have the same number of neutrons as atom 1.
E)Atom 3 must have the same number of protons as atom 1.

Question 26

How many electrons does the ion have?

A)18
B)36
C)16
D)34
E)19

Question 27

There are three isotopes of carbon differing with respect to

A)electron configuration.
B)nuclear charge.
C)number of neutrons.
D)number of protons.
E)atomic number.

Question 28

How many neutrons are there in​ 8 molecules of ?

A)​160
B)​80
C)​3
D)​304
E)​144

Question 29

Which of the following nuclides contains more protons than neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

The neutral atoms of all the isotopes of the same element have

A)different numbers of protons.
B)the same number of neutrons.
C)the same number of electrons.
D)the same mass.
E)the same mass number.

Question 31

The species that has the same number of neutrons as is

A) .
B) .
C) .
D) .
E) .

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true concerning the two nuclides ¹⁶O and ¹⁷O ?

A)They have the same number of neutrons.
B)They are isotopes.
C)They have the same relative atomic mass.
D)They have the same mass number.
E)They have different chemical properties.

Question 33

An atom that has the same number of neutrons as is

A)(⁵⁸Zn).
B)(⁶⁰Cu).
C) .
D) .
E)(⁵⁹Co).

Question 34

What is the symbol of the nuclide having 13 protons and 14 neutrons?

A)
B)​
C)​
D)​
E)​

Question 35

Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?
Atomic Number
Mass Number

A)I 17 34 II 18 34
B)I 7 14 II 8 14
C)I 17 35 II 17 37
D)I 17 37 II 18 38
E)I 7 15 II 8 16

Question 36

Which of the following atomic symbols represents an isotope of ⁹⁴Mo?

A)(⁹³Nb)
B)(⁹⁵Tc)
C)(⁹⁴Tc)
D)(⁹⁵Mo)
E)(⁹⁴Nb)

Question 37

Which of the following about the isotopes of a particular element is not true?

A)Each unique isotope has a different atomic mass.
B)Each unique isotope has a different atomic number.
C)Each unique isotope has a different number of neutrons.
D)Each unique isotope has the same number of protons.
E)In neutral atoms of each unique isotope,the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

Question 38

How many protons are there in the chromium-52 nuclide?

A)29
B)76
C)23
D)24
E)28

Question 39

How many neutrons are there in the cobalt-59 nuclide?

A)27
B)2
C)​86
D)​59
E)​32

Question 40

Which of the following has 62 neutrons,46 protons,and 46 electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 41

Naturally occurring element X exists in three isotopic forms: X-28 (27.979 amu,92.21% abundance),X-29 (28.976 amu,4.70% abundance),and X-30 (29.974 amu,3.09% abundance).Calculate the atomic weight of X.

A)29.09 amu
B)28.09 amu
C)35.29 amu
D)86.93 amu
E)25.80 amu

Question 42

Which of the following elements has the largest atomic mass?

A)hafnium
B)nickel
C)mercury
D)argon
E)carbon

Question 43

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)oxygen
B)hydrogen
C)silicon
D)carbon
E)copper

Question 44

The mass spectrum of an element with two naturally occurring isotopes is shown below.What is the best estimate of the element's atomic mass?

A)10 amu
B)11 amu
C)10.8 amu
D)10.2 amu
E)10.5 amu

Question 45

Neon has three naturally occuring isotopes.The abundance of ²⁰Ne is 90.48% and ²²Ne is 9.25%.What is the percent abundance of ²¹Ne?

A)9.25%
B)0.27%
C)49.9%
D)33.2%
E)81.2%

Question 46

In a particular mass of KAu(CN)₂,there are 6.66 × 10²⁰ atoms of gold.What is the total number of atoms in this sample?

A)1.33 × 10²¹
B)2.00 × 10²¹
C)4.00 × 10²¹
D)3.33 × 10²¹
E)2.66 × 10²¹

Question 47

Choose the group containing the most reactive nonmetals.

A)Group 5A
B)Group 3A
C)Group 7A
D)Group 8A
E)Group 1A

Question 48

Which element belongs to the alkali metals?

A)rubidium
B)germanium
C)barium
D)iodine
E)argon

Question 49

The elements in groups 1A-8A or 1-2 and 15-18 are known as the

A)main group.
B)metalloids or semimetals.
C)halogens.
D)transition metals.
E)inner transition metals.

Question 50

The mass spectrum of an element with two naturally occurring isotopes is shown below.Its average atomic mass would be best estimated as

A)less than 26 amu but greater than 25 amu.
B)less than 25 amu but greater than 24 amu.
C)equal to 24 amu.
D)equal to 25 amu.
E)greater than 26 amu.

Question 51

The average atomic mass of Eu is 151.96 amu.There are only two naturally occurring isotopes of europium,¹⁵¹Eu with a mass of 151.0 amu and ¹⁵³Eu with a mass of 153.0 amu.The natural abundance of the ¹³¹Eu isotope must be approximately

A)60%.
B)20%.
C)50%.
D)80%.
E)40%.

Question 52

Which formula is best described as a (condensed)structural formula?

A)C₂B₁₀H₁₂
B)C₆H₁₁Cl
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl
D)C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
E)C₂H₆O

Question 53

A periodic law based on atomic masses would necessitate Te and I changing places in the periodic table.This was not done in the early periodic table because

A)a periodic law based on atomic masses is not valid.
B)it was thought that the atomic masses might be in error.
C)iodine behaves chemically like chlorine and bromine.
D)the tellurium samples could contain a heavy impurity.
E)iodine contains one naturally occurring isotope,whereas tellurium consists of several isotopes.

Question 54

A certain element is listed as having an atomic mass of 63.5 amu.It is probably true that this element contains

A)a mixture of isotopes.
B)a mixture of neutrons.
C)a mixture of isomers.
D)a mixture of allotropes.
E)a mixture of ions.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is not true about the element iron?

A)It is a metal.
B)It is a transition element.
C)It is in period 4.
D)It has chemical and physical properties most similar to zirconium.
E)It is in group VIIIB (group 8).

Question 56

The elements in a row of the periodic table are known as

A)metals.
B)a period.
C)metalloids.
D)a family.
E)a group.

Question 57

All of the following elements are best classified as metalloids except

A)Si.
B)Te.
C)As.
D)B.
E)Ga.

Question 58

Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes,⁶Li and ⁷Li .The average atomic mass of lithium is 6.941.Which of the following statements concerning the relative abundance of each isotope is correct?

A)The abundance of ⁷Li is greater than ⁶Li.
B)The abundance of ⁷Li is less than ⁶Li.
C)The abundance of ⁶Li is equal to the abundance of ⁷Li.
D)Not enough data is provided to determine the correct answer.
E)Based on the atomic mass,only ⁷Li occurs naturally.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about different elements is incorrect?

A)Potassium is an alkali metal.
B)Fluorine is a halogen.
C)Aluminum is a transition element.
D)Barium is an alkaline earth metal.
E)Helium is a noble gas.

Question 60

An element,X,has the following isotopic composition: X-200,90%; X-199,8.0%; and X-202,2.0%.Its average atomic mass is closest to

A)200 amu.
B)203 amu.
C)199 amu.
D)202 amu.
E)201 amu.

Question 61

What is the ratio of oxygen atoms to hydrogen atoms in the mineral carnotite,K₂(UO₂)₃(VO₄)₂ • 3H₂O?

A)8:6
B)8:3
C)17:3
D)9:6
E)17:6

Question 62

An ion is formed

A)by either adding electrons to or subtracting electrons from the atom.
B)by either adding protons to or subtracting protons from the atom.
C)by either adding neutrons to or subtracting neutrons from the atom.
D)All of the above are true.
E)Two of the above are true.

Question 63

Which of the following molecules contains the carboxylic acid functional group?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
B)CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃
C)CH₃NHCH₃
D)CH₃OCH₂CH₃
E)CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

Question 64

A sample of TNT,C₇H₅N₃O₆ ,has 8.94 × 10²¹ nitrogen atoms.How many hydrogen atoms are there in this sample of TNT?

A)1.79 × 10²²
B)11.92 × 10²¹
C)1.49 × 10²²
D)8.94 × 10²¹
E)2.09 × 10²²

Question 65

Which of the following molecules contains the ether functional group?

A)CH₃CH₂NH₂
B)CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂COOH
E)H₂O

Question 66

The formula of water,H₂O,suggests

A)there is twice as much mass of hydrogen as oxygen in each molecule.
B)there are two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom per water molecule.
C)there is twice as much mass of oxygen as of hydrogen in each molecule.
D)there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per water molecule.
E)none of these

Question 67

Chemical reactions between nonmetals and nonmetals primarily involve

A)sharing of electrons.
B)interactions between protons.
C)transfer of electrons.
D)interactions among protons,electrons,and neutrons.
E)interactions between protons and electrons.

Question 68

The empirical formula of a salt consisting of Ba²⁺ and OH^- ions is

A)Ba²⁺OH^-.
B)BaOH.
C)Ba₂OH.
D)Ba₂(OH)₃.
E)Ba(OH)₂.

Question 69

Which of the following molecules contains the alcohol functional group?

A)C₆H₆
B)CH₃OH
C)CH₄
D)CH₃OCH₃
E)C₂H₂

Question 70

Which of the following molecules is a hydrocarbon?

A)H₂O
B)CH₃CH₂CH₃
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)CH₃CH₂OH
E)CH₃OCH₃

Question 71

The species Ag⁺,Pt²⁺,and Tl³⁺ are all

A)anions.
B)isotopes.
C)isoelectronic.
D)allotropes.
E)cations.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true about one formula unit of RuF₂?

A)It is composed of one Ru atom and one F₂ molecule.
B)It is composed of one Ru atom and two F atoms.
C)It is composed of one Ru²⁺ ion and one F₂^2- ion.
D)It is composed of one RuF₂ molecule.
E)It is composed of one Ru²⁺ ion and two F^- ions.

Question 73

A 2.0-g sample of washing soda,Na₂CO₃ • 10H₂O,has carbon atoms.How many oxygen atoms are present in 2.0g of washing soda?

A)
B)​
C)​
D)​
E)​

Question 74

A sample of the mineral troegerite,(UO₂)₃(AsO₄)₂ • 12H₂O,has 1.34 × 10²¹ U atoms.How many arsenic atoms are present in this sample of troegerite?

A)2.01 × 10²²
B)1.61 × 10²²
C)2.68 × 10²¹
D)6.70 × 10²²
E)8.93 × 10²⁰

Question 75

How many oxygen atoms are there in a formula unit of UO₂(C₂H₃O₂)₂ • NH₄C₂H₃O₂ • 5H₂O?

A)4
B)13
C)23
D)9
E)11

Question 76

Which statement is incorrect concerning the formation of ionic compounds?

A)Halogens tend to form anions with a charge of -1.
B)Alkali metals tend to form cations with a charge of +1.
C)Metals tend to form cations,while nonmetals tend to form anions.
D)Transition metals tend to form cations with a charge of +3.
E)Noble gases tend not to form ionic compounds.

Question 77

Which of the following is an ionic compound?

A)HOClO
B)NH₃
C)CH₃OH
D)N₂O₃
E)NH₄CN

Question 78

The species that is formed when a molecule gains or loses an electron is called

A)an ion.
B)a metalloid.
C)an isotope.
D)an atom.
E)a metal.

Question 79

What is the ratio of oxygen atoms to hydrogen atoms in the compound Fe₄(PO₄)₃(OH)₃ • 12H₂O?

A)15:3
B)27:15
C)27:27
D)18:27
E)25:17

Question 80

Bismuth(III)sulfate is an ionic compound formed from Bi³⁺ and SO₄^2-.What is the correct way to represent the formula?

A)BiSO₄⁺
B)Bi(SO₄)₂^-
C)Bi³⁺SO₄^2-
D)Bi₂(SO₄)₃
E)Bi₉(SO₄)_13.5