Deck 2: Motion in One Dimension

Question 1

On a position versus time graph,the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that are separated in time by the interval Δt,is which of the following quantities?

A) average steepness
B) average velocity
C) instantaneous velocity
D) average acceleration

Answer 1

average velocity

Question 2

Changing the positive direction in a reference frame to the opposite direction does not change the sign of which of the following quantities?

A) velocity
B) average velocity
C) speed
D) displacement

Answer 2

speed

Question 3

An object moves 20 m east in 20 s and then returns to its starting point taking an additional 50 s.If west is chosen as the positive direction,what is the sign associated with the average velocity of the object?

A) +
B) −
C) 0 (no sign)
D) any of the above

Answer 3

0 (no sign)

Question 4

A cheetah can run at approximately 100 km/hr and a gazelle at 80.0 km/hr.If both animals are running at full speed,with the gazelle 55.0 m ahead,how long before the cheetah catches its prey?
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A) 9.9 s
B) 14.9 s
C) 19.8 s
D) 4.95 s
E) ​21.9 s

Question 5

The distance of the Earth from the sun is 93 000 000 miles.If there are 3.15 × 10⁷ s in one year,find the speed of the Earth in its orbit about the sun.

A) 9.28 miles/s
B) 18.6 miles/s
C) 27.9 miles/s
D) 37.2 miles/s

Question 6

Consider the magnitude of the average speed,
,and the magnitude of the average velocity,
,for the same trip.Which of the following is always true?

A)

B)

C)

D) none of the above

Question 7

A European sports car dealer claims that his product will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to a speed of 100 km/hr in 8.00 s.What is the speed after the first 5.00 s of acceleration? (Hint: First convert the speed to m/s. )
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A) 34.8 m/s
B) 52.2 m/s
C) 26.1 m/s
D) 17.4 m/s
E) ​8.7 m/s

Question 8

In one-dimensional motion,the average speed of an object that moves from one place to another and then back to its original place has which of the following properties?

A) It is positive.
B) It is negative.
C) It is zero.
D) It can be positive,negative,or zero.

Question 9

A cheetah can maintain its maximum speed of 97 km/hr for 29.0 seconds.What minimum distance must a gazelle running 78 km/hr be ahead of the cheetah to escape?

A) 100 m
B) 153 m
C) 76.5 m
D) 109.5 m
E) ​141 m

Question 10

In one-dimensional motion where the direction is indicated by a plus or minus sign,the average velocity of an object has which of the following properties?

A) It is positive.
B) It is negative.
C) It is zero.
D) It can be positive,negative,or zero.

Question 11

An object moves 20 m east in 20 s and then returns to its starting point taking an additional 60 s.If west is chosen as the positive direction,what is the average speed of the object?

A) 0.5 m/s
B) -0.5 m/s
C) 8 m/s
D) 0 m/s
E) ​-8

Question 12

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

A) temperature
B) velocity
C) acceleration
D) displacement

Question 13

A European sports car dealer claims that his car will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to 100 km/hr in 9 s.If so,what is the acceleration? (Hint: First convert speed to m/s. )
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A) 3.09 m/s²
B) 6.18 m/s²
C) 4.64 m/s²
D) 9.27 m/s²
E) ​7.73 m/s²

Question 14

Jeff throws a ball straight up.For which situation is the vertical velocity zero?

A) on the way up
B) at the top
C) on the way back down
D) none of the above

Question 15

A bird,accelerating from rest at a constant rate,experiences a displacement of 26 m in 12 s.What is the average velocity?

A) 1.2 m/s
B) 2.2 m/s
C) 2.4 m/s
D) 0 m/s
E) ​0.5 m/s

Question 16

A truck moves 80 m east,then moves 130 m west,and finally moves east again a distance of 70 m.If east is chosen as the positive direction,what is the truck's resultant displacement?

A) 20 m
B) -20 m
C) 280 m
D) -280 m
E) ​140 m

Question 17

A ball is thrown vertically upwards at 18.5 m/s.For its complete trip (up and back down to the starting position),its average velocity is:

A) 18.5 m/s.
B) 9.3 m/s.
C) 4.6 m/s.
D) ​13.9 m/s
E) ​not given.

Question 18

A railroad train travels forward along a straight track at 90 m/s for 1,000 m and then travels at 60 m/s for the next 1,000 m.What is the average velocity?

A) 72.5 m/s
B) 72.0 m/s
C) 77.0 m/s
D) 69.0 m/s
E) ​74.7 m/s

Question 19

Displacement is which of the following types of quantities?

A) vector
B) scalar
C) magnitude
D) dimensional

Question 20

A change in a physical quantity w having initial value w_i and final value w_f is given by which of the following?

A) w_i − w_f
B) w_f − w_i
C) (w_f + w_i)/2
D) none of the above

Question 21

A ball is pushed with an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s.The ball rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration of 1.4 m/s².The ball reaches the bottom of the hill in 4.0 s.What is the ball's velocity at the bottom of the hill?

A) 5 m/s
B) 7 m/s
C) 8 m/s
D) 10 m/s
E) ​13 m/s

Question 22

A European sports car dealer claims that his product will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to a speed of 100 km/hr in 6 s.What distance will the sports car travel during the 6 s acceleration period? (Hint: First convert speed to m/s. )

A) 41.5 m
B) 58.1 m
C) 83 m
D) 166 m
E) ​124.5 m

Question 23

A vehicle designed to operate on a drag strip accelerates from zero to 28 m/s while undergoing a straight line path displacement of 48 m.What is the vehicle's acceleration if its value may be assumed to be constant?
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A) 6 m/s²
B) 4 m/s²
C) 8 m/s²
D) 12 m/s²
E) 16 m/s²

Question 24

A strobe photograph of a car moving along a straight road shows the interval between each successive image to be diminishing.If the direction of motion of the car is taken as positive,which of the following are negative?

A) the speed of the car
B) the average velocity of the car
C) the average acceleration of the car
D) all of the above

Question 25

A 50-g ball traveling at 24.0 m/s is bounced off a brick wall and rebounds at 19.0 m/s.A high-speed camera records this event.If the ball is in contact with the wall for 4.00 ms,what is the average acceleration of the ball during this time interval?

A) 10,750 m/s²
B) 21,500 m/s²
C) 5,375 m/s²
D) 10.75 m/s²
E) ​43 m/s²

Question 26

An x vs.t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction.The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the velocity of the ball is zero.We can be positive that at t = 5 s,

A) the slope of the curve is non-zero.
B) the ball has stopped.
C) the acceleration is constant.
D) the curve is at x = 0,t = 0.

Question 27

The value of an object's acceleration may be characterized in equivalent words by which of the following?

A) displacement
B) rate of change of displacement
C) velocity
D) rate of change of velocity

Question 28

A Cessna aircraft has a lift-off speed of 120 km/hr.What minimum constant acceleration does this require if the aircraft is to be airborne after a take-off run of 270 m?
​

A) 2.06 m/s²
B) 1.03 m/s²
C) 2.58 m/s²
D) 4.12 m/s²
E) 1.55 m/s²

Question 29

A cart is given an initial velocity of 7.0 m/s and experiences a constant acceleration of 2.5 m/s².What is the magnitude of the cart's displacement during the first 6.0 s of its motion?
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A) 52 m
B) 132 m
C) 87 m
D) 15 m
E) ​22 m

Question 30

A strobe photograph shows equally spaced images of a car moving along a straight road.If the time intervals between images is constant,which of the following cannot be positive?

A) the speed of the car
B) the average velocity of the car
C) the acceleration of the car
D) the direction of motion of the car

Question 31

A v vs.t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction.The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the acceleration of the ball is zero.We know that at t = 5 s,

A) the slope of the curve is non-zero.
B) the velocity of the ball is not changing.
C) the curve is not crossing the time axis.
D) the curve is at v = 0,t = 0.

Question 32

A drag racer starts from rest and accelerates at 11 m/s² for the entire distance of 400 m.What is the velocity of the race car at the end of the run?

A) 113 m/s
B) 94 m/s
C) 71 m/s
D) 47 m/s
E) ​80 m/s

Question 33

A bird,accelerating from rest at a constant rate,experiences a displacement of 25 m in 11 s.What is its acceleration?

A) 0.21 m/s²
B) 0.41 m/s²
C) 0.51 m/s²
D) 0.31 m/s²
E) 0.62 m/s²

Question 34

If the displacement of an object is given in SI units by Δx = −3 t + 4 t ²,at t = 2 s its velocity and acceleration are,respectively:

A) positive,positive.
B) positive,negative.
C) negative,negative.
D) negative,positive.

Question 35

An automobile driver puts on the brakes and decelerates from 35.0 m/s to zero in 11.0 s.What distance does the car travel?

A) 193 m
B) 97 m
C) 241 m
D) 290 m
E) ​145 m

Question 36

When a drag strip vehicle reaches a velocity of 63 m/s,it begins a negative acceleration by releasing a drag chute and applying its brakes.While reducing its velocity back to zero,its acceleration along a straight line path is a constant −7.2 m/s².What displacement does it undergo during this deceleration period?

A) 552 m
B) 4 m
C) 1,985 m
D) 276 m
E) ​9 m

Question 37

The slope of the acceleration vs.time curve represents:

A) the velocity.
B) the rate of change of acceleration.
C) the rate of change of displacement.
D) the area under the position vs.time curve.

Question 38

In the case of constant acceleration,the average velocity equals the instantaneous velocity:

A) at the beginning of the time interval.
B) at the end of the time interval.
C) half-way through the time interval.
D) three-fourths of the way through the time interval.

Question 39

Norma releases a bowling ball from rest;it rolls down a ramp with constant acceleration.After half a second it has traveled 0.55 m.How far has it traveled after two seconds?
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A) 4.4 m
B) 11 m
C) 6.6 m
D) 8.8 m
E) ​17.6 m

Question 40

A bird,accelerating from rest at a constant rate,experiences a displacement of 25 m in 11 s.What is the final velocity after 11 s?
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A) 3.4 m/s
B) 2.3 m/s
C) 4.5 m/s
D) 5.1 m/s
E) ​zero

Question 41

A ball of relatively low density is thrown upwards.Because of air resistance the acceleration while traveling upwards is −10.8 m/s².On its trip downward the resistance is in the opposite direction,and the resulting acceleration is −8.8 m/s².When the ball reaches the level from which it was thrown,how does its speed compare to that with which it was thrown?

A) It is greater than the original speed upward.
B) It is the same as the original speed upward.
C) It is less than the original speed upward.
D) Without knowing the original speed,this problem cannot be solved.

Question 42

Omar throws a rock down with speed 10 m/s from the top of a tower.The rock hits the ground after 1 s.What is the height of the tower? (air resistance is negligible)
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A) 12 m
B) 8 m
C) 15 m
D) 27 m
E) ​23 m

Question 43

A ball is thrown vertically upwards at 19.6 m/s.For its complete trip (up and back down to the starting position),its average speed is:
​

A) 14.7 m/s.
B) 9.8 m/s.
C) 19.6 m/s.
D) ​4.9 m/s.
E) ​not given.

Question 44

Maria throws two stones from the top edge of a building with a speed of 18 m/s.She throws one straight down and the other straight up.The first one hits the street in a time t₁.How much later is it before the second stone hits?

A) 5 s
B) 4 s
C) 3 s
D) ​6 s
E) ​Not enough information is given to work this problem.

Question 45

John throws a rock down with speed 15 m/s from the top of a 27-m tower.If g = 9.8 m/s² and air resistance is negligible,what is the rock's speed just as it hits the ground?

A) 22 m/s
B) 27 m/s
C) 754 m/s
D) 23 m/s
E) ​16 m/s

Question 46

Two objects of different mass are released simultaneously from the top of a 20-m tower and fall to the ground.If air resistance is negligible,which statement best applies?

A) The greater mass hits the ground first.
B) Both objects hit the ground together.
C) The smaller mass hits the ground first.
D) No conclusion can be made with the information given.

Question 47

A water rocket,launched from the ground,rises vertically with acceleration of 25 m/s² for 1.0 s when it runs out of "fuel." Disregarding air resistance,how high will the rocket rise?

A) 76 m
B) 88 m
C) 44 m
D) 32 m
E) ​13 m

Question 48

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 22.54 m/s.What time interval elapses between the rock's being thrown and its return to the original launch point? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s². )
​

A) 4.60 s
B) 2.30 s
C) 3.45 s
D) 3.91 s
E) ​5.06 s

Question 49

Gwen releases a rock at rest from the top of a 39-m tower.If g = 9.8 m/s² and air resistance is negligible,what is the speed of the rock as it hits the ground?
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A) 28 m/s
B) 14 m/s
C) 20 m/s
D) 39 m/s
E) ​764 m/s

Question 50

Two students are working on the same constant acceleration problem involving a car undergoing constant acceleration,having started from rest and after a certain time having traveled a distance of 108 m.The students are to find the average velocity.Both students are required to show their work and round any intermediate answers as well as the final answer properly to 3 significant figures.Each rounded answer is to be used in the next step of calculation as they proceed.For the final answer,Student A uses the formula
Getting the result 7.26 m/s,and Student B uses the formula
Getting the result 7.29 m/s.Assuming neither student makes a mistake,which student has the better answer?

A) Student A
B) Student B
C) Under significant figure rounding,both answers are equally as good.
D) The described result cannot happen;this is physics after all.

Question 51

Mt.Everest is more than 8 000 m high.How fast would an object be moving if it could free fall to sea level after being released from an 8000-m elevation? (Ignore air resistance. )

A) 396 m/s
B) 120 m/s
C) 1 200 m/s
D) 12 000 m/s

Question 52

A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot when it returns to his mitt.At what point in the ball's path does it experience zero velocity and non-zero acceleration at the same time?

A) midway on the way up
B) at the top of its trajectory
C) the instant it leaves the catcher's hand
D) the instant before it arrives in the catcher's mitt

Question 53

A rock is thrown straight down with an initial velocity of 14.5 m/s from a cliff.What is the rock's displacement after 2.0 s? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s². )

A) 68 m
B) 49 m
C) 39 m
D) 22 m
E) ​31 m

Question 54

A basketball player can jump 1.6 m off the hardwood floor.With what upward velocity did he leave the floor?
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A) 5.8 m/s
B) 2.8 m/s
C) 5.4 m/s
D) 5.6 m/s
E) ​11.2 m/s

Question 55

A baseball is released at rest from the top of the Washington Monument.It hits the ground after falling for 5.85 s.What was the height from which the ball was dropped? (g = 9.8 m/s² and assume air resistance is negligible)
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A) 1.88 × 10² m
B) 1.68 × 10² m
C) 1.38 × 10² m
D) 3.36 × 10² m
E) ​1.68 × 10³ m

Question 56

A parachutist jumps out of an airplane and accelerates with gravity to a maximum velocity of 49.0 m/s in 5.00 seconds.She then pulls the parachute cord and after a 5.00-second constant deceleration,descends at 11.0 m/s for 60.0 seconds,reaching the ground.From what height did the parachutist jump?
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A) 933 m
B) 810 m
C) 1,083 m
D) 1,593 m
E) ​1,205 m

Question 57

A rock,released at rest from the top of a tower,hits the ground after 1.5 s.What is the speed of the rock as it hits the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s² and air resistance is negligible)

A) 15 m/s
B) 8 m/s
C) 20 m/s
D) 30 m/s
E) ​11 m/s

Question 58

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 24.9 m/s.What maximum height will the rock reach before starting to fall downward? (Take acceleration due to gravity as 9.80 m/s². )
​

A) 39.5 m
B) 15.8 m
C) 63.2 m
D) 31.6 m
E) ​47.4 m

Question 59

At the top of a cliff 80 m high,Raoul throws a rock upward with velocity 11.0 m/s.How much later should he drop a second rock from rest so both rocks arrive simultaneously at the bottom of the cliff?
​

A) 6.58 s
B) 2.39 s
C) 4.34 s
D) 1.27 s
E) ​0.64 s

Question 60

Human reaction time is usually about 0.24 s.If your lab partner holds a ruler between your finger and thumb and releases it without warning,how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it? The nearest value is:
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A) 56 cm.
B) 118 cm.
C) 2.8 cm.
D) 235 cm.
E) ​28 cm.

Question 61

Starting from rest,a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a for a time t,then the direction of the acceleration is reversed, (i.e. ,it is −a),and the car comes to a stop in an additional time t,the time for the whole trip being 2t.At what time,or times,is the average velocity of the car for the trip equal to its instantaneous velocity during the trip?

A) There is no such time.
B) It is at the halfway point at t.
C) This occurs at 2 times,0.5 t and 1.5 t.
D) This occurs at 2 times,0.707 t and 1.293 t.

Question 62

A ball rolls down an incline,starting from rest.If the total time it takes to reach the end of the incline is T,how much time has elapsed when it is halfway down the incline?

A) 0.5 T
B) < 0.5 T
C) > 0.5 T
D) More information is needed.

Question 63

Starting from rest,a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a₁ for a time t₁,then the acceleration is changed to a different constant value a₂ for an additional time t₂.The total elapsed time is t₁ + t₂.Can the equations of kinematics be used to find the total distance traveled?

A) No,because this is not a case of constant acceleration.
B) Yes,use (a₁ + a₂)/2 as the average acceleration and the total time in the calculation.
C) Yes,use a₁ + a₂ as the acceleration and the average time (t₁ + t₂)/2 in the calculation.
D) Yes,break the problem up into 2 problems,one with the conditions for the first time interval and the other with the conditions for the second time interval,noting that for the second time interval the initial velocity is that from the end of the first time interval.When done,add the distances from each of the time intervals.

Question 64

In which of the following cases is the displacement's magnitude half the distance traveled?
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A) 10 steps east followed by 3 steps west
B) 30 steps east followed by 15 steps west
C) 5 steps east followed by 20 steps west
D) 9 steps east followed by 3 steps west
E) ​4 steps east followed by 20 steps west