Deck 22: Reflection and Refraction of Light

Question 1

Tripling the wavelength of the radiation from a monochromatic source will change the energy content of the individually radiated photons by what factor?

A) 0.33
B) 1.0
C) 0.58
D) 1.73
E) ​3.00

Answer 1

0.33

Question 2

When light reflects and produces a clear image,this reflection is referred to as:

A) specular reflection.
B) diffuse reflection.
C) retroreflection.
D) double reflection.

Answer 2

specular reflection.

Question 3

What is the energy of a photon of frequency 3.80 × 10¹⁴ Hz? (h = 6.626 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

A) 2.52E-19 J
B) 1.74E-20 J
C) 5.73E+47 J
D) 1.74E-48 J
E) ​3.97E+18 J

Answer 3

2.52E-19 J

Question 4

Photon A has an energy of 2.4 × 10^-19 J.Photon B has 16 times the frequency of Photon A.What is the energy of Photon B?

A) 1.5E-20 J
B) 6.0E-20 J
C) 3.8E-18 J
D) 9.6E-19 J
E) ​6.1E-17 J

Question 5

Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an air-to-glass boundary?

A) total reflection
B) total transmission
C) partial reflection,partial transmission
D) partial reflection,total transmission

Question 6

A line representing a wave front for a wave should be drawn:

A) from the source to the receiver.
B) from one crest to the preceding crest.
C) along one of the crests of the wave.
D) in the direction the wave is moving.

Question 7

The photoelectric effect was discovered by:

A) Maxwell.
B) Einstein.
C) Hertz.
D) Planck.

Question 8

One phenomenon that demonstrates the wave nature of light is:

A) the photoelectric effect.
B) quantization effects.
C) absorption of light by an electron.
D) interference effects.

Question 9

When viewing your image in a hand-held mirror,if you move the mirror away at a speed v,the image appears to:

A) also move away at v.
B) move away at 2v.
C) move away at v/2.
D) not move.

Question 10

Light from a 594-nm monochromatic source is incident upon the surface of fused quartz (n = 1.56)at an angle of 46°.What is the angle of reflection from the surface?

A) 12°
B) 23°
C) 46°
D) 29°
E) ​72°

Question 11

One phenomenon that demonstrates the particle nature of light is:

A) the photoelectric effect.
B) diffraction effects.
C) interference effects.
D) the prediction by Maxwell's electromagnetic theory.

Question 12

According to present theories of light,in some experiments light seems to be:

A) composed of particles which can neither be created nor destroyed.
B) a particle whose quantized energy depends on its velocity.
C) a wave that moves from one place to another if there is material to vibrate.
D) none of the above.

Question 13

A ray of light strikes a thick sheet of glass (n = 1.5)at an angle of 28° with the normal.Find the angle of the ray reflected off the glass surface with respect to the normal.

A) 42°
B) 63°
C) 18°
D) 28°
E) ​19°

Question 14

The wave-particle duality of light means that,in the same experiment:

A) light will act both like a wave and like a particle.
B) light will act either like a wave or like a particle.
C) light will not act like either a wave or a particle.
D) light always exists as two waves or as two particles.

Question 15

As the angle of incidence is increased for a ray incident on a reflecting surface,the angle between the incident and reflected rays ultimately approaches what value?

A) zero
B) 45°
C) 90°
D) 180°

Question 16

When light of one wavelength from air hits a smooth piece of glass at an angle,which of the following will not occur?

A) reflection
B) refraction
C) dispersion
D) All of the above will occur.

Question 17

According to the photon energy formula,doubling the frequency of the radiation from a monochromatic source will change the energy content of the individually radiated photons by what factor?

A) 0.50
B) 1.0
C) 1.41
D) 2
E) ​4

Question 18

Newton's theory of light treated light as ________ while Young demonstrated that light behaved as ________ with ________ behavior.

A) particles,waves,refractive
B) particles,waves,interference
C) waves,particles,interference
D) waves,particles,refractive

Question 19

Who formulated the theory explaining the photoelectric effect?

A) Hertz
B) Maxwell
C) Newton
D) Einstein

Question 20

Helium-neon laser light has a wavelength in air of 632.8 nm.What is the energy of a single photon in the beam? (h = 6.626 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s).

A) 3.14 × 10−¹⁹ J
B) 5.40 × 10−¹⁹ J
C) 7.62 × 10−¹⁹ J
D) 1.15 × 10−¹⁸ J

Question 21

A beam of light in air is incident on the surface of a rectangular block of clear plastic (n = 1.64).If the velocity of the beam before it enters the plastic is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,what is its velocity inside the block?

A) 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s
B) 1.12 × 10⁸ m/s
C) 1.83 × 10⁸ m/s
D) 2.34 × 10⁸ m/s
E) ​1.08 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 22

A beam of monochromatic light goes from material 1 with index of refraction n₁ into material 2 with index of refraction n₂.The frequency of light in material 1 is f₁ and in material 2 is f₂.What is the ratio of f₁/f₂?

A) n₁/n₂
B) n₂/n₁
C) 1
D) The values of n₁ and n₂ must be known to find the answer.

Question 23

Water has an index of refraction of 1.333.What is the speed of light through it? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 4.00 × 10⁸ m/s
B) 2.25 × 10⁸ m/s
C) 4.46 × 10⁸ m/s
D) 1.46 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 24

A ray of light strikes a thick sheet of glass (n = 1.5)at an angle of 23° with the normal.Find the angle of the refracted ray within the glass with respect to the normal.

A) 36°
B) 0.26°
C) 34°
D) 15°
E) ​23°

Question 25

As a monochromatic light ray is transmitted through an air-to-glass boundary,what happens to the wavelength?

A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains unchanged
D) approaches zero value

Question 26

Dez pours carbon tetrachloride (n = 1.46)into a container made of crown glass (n = 1.52).The light ray in glass incident on the glass-to-liquid boundary makes an angle of 13.0° with the normal.Find the angle of the corresponding refracted ray.

A) 12.5°
B) 0.24°
C) 13.5°
D) 23.8°
E) ​13.0°

Question 27

A monochromatic beam of light in air has a wavelength of 454 nm in air.It passes through glass (n = 1.52)and then through carbon disulfide (n = 1.63).What is its wavelength in the carbon disulfide?

A) 279 nm
B) 740 nm
C) 423 nm
D) 487 nm
E) ​299 nm

Question 28

A beam of light in air is incident at an angle of 15° to the surface of a rectangular block of clear plastic (n = 1.46).The light beam first passes through the block and re-emerges from the opposite side into air at what angle to the normal to that surface?

A) 22°
B) 10°
C) 15°
D) 18°
E) ​0.39°

Question 29

Fused quartz has an index of refraction of 1.55 for light from a 550-nm source.What is the speed of light for this wavelength within the quartz? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 1.55 × 10⁸ m/s
B) 1.94 × 10⁸ m/s
C) 2.41 × 10⁸ m/s
D) 1.25 × 10⁸ m/s
E) ​1.45 × 10⁸ m/s

Question 30

If the wavelength of a monochromatic source is 692 nm in vacuum,what is the wavelength from the same source when it passes through a liquid where the speed of light is 2.80 × 10⁸ m/s? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 1940 nm
B) 741 nm
C) 82 nm
D) 646 nm
E) ​603 nm

Question 31

What is the angle of incidence on an air-to-glass boundary if the angle of refraction in the glass (n = 1.52)is 17°?

A) 11°.
B) 17°
C) 26°
D) 26°.
E) ​11°

Question 32

If light from a 452-nm monochromatic source in air is incident upon the surface of fused quartz (n = 1.56)at an angle of 60°,what is the wavelength of the ray refracted within the quartz?

A) 186 nm
B) 290 nm
C) 710 nm
D) 1100 nm
E) ​452 nm

Question 33

A ray of light travels from a glass-to-liquid interface at an angle of 56°.Indices of refraction for the glass and liquid are,respectively,1.61 and 1.89.What is the angle of refraction for the ray moving through the liquid?

A) 76.7°
B) 44.9°
C) 37.0°
D) 47.7°
E) ​65.7°

Question 34

A light ray in air enters and passes through a block of glass.What can be stated with regard to its speed after it emerges from the block?

A) Speed is less than when in glass.
B) Speed is less than before it entered glass.
C) Speed is same as that in glass.
D) Speed is same as that before it entered glass.

Question 35

Monochromatic light hits a piece of glass.What happens to the wavelength in the glass as the index of refraction increases?

A) decreases
B) increases
C) remains constant
D) approaches 3 × 10⁸ m

Question 36

A light ray in air is incident on an air-to-glass boundary at an angle of 31.0° and is refracted in the glass at an angle of 25.0° with the normal.Find the index of refraction of the glass.

A) 1.24
B) 2.30
C) 1.49
D) 1.22
E) ​1.82

Question 37

A ray of light is incident on a liquid-to-glass interface at an angle of 38.1°.Indices of refraction for the liquid and glass are,respectively,1.87 and 1.60.What is the angle of refraction for the ray moving through the glass?

A) 26.9°
B) 31.9°
C) 46.2°
D) 32.6°
E) ​44.5°

Question 38

A monochromatic light source emits a wavelength of 710 nm in air.When passing through a liquid,the wavelength reduces to 654 nm.What is the liquid's index of refraction?

A) 1.18
B) 1.04
C) 1.09
D) 1.92
E) ​1.85

Question 39

A fish is 1.2 m beneath the surface of a still pond of water.At what maximum angle can the fish look toward the surface (measured with respect to the normal to the surface)in order to see a fisherman sitting on a distant bank? (for water,n = 1.333)

A) 18.6°
B) 37.2°
C) 48.6°
D) The fish will not see the fisherman at any angle.

Question 40

If the speed of light through an unknown liquid is measured at 2.42 × 10⁸ m/s,what is the index of refraction of this liquid? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 0.81
B) 1.24
C) 1.54
D) 1.11
E) ​1.81

Question 41

When white light disperses as it passes through a prism,which of the following colors moves at the lowest speed in the prism?

A) blue
B) green
C) yellow
D) red

Question 42

The lowest possible value for the index of refraction is:

A) 0.
B) 1.
C) 0.707.
D) 3^-1/2.

Question 43

A beam of light is incident upon a flat piece of glass (n = 1.50)at an angle of incidence of 56.0°.Part of the beam is transmitted and part is reflected.What is the angle between the reflected and transmitted rays?

A) 33.6°
B) 112°
C) 90.4°
D) 89.6°
E) ​102°

Question 44

Light in air enters a diamond (n = 2.42)at an angle of incidence of 57.0°.What is the angle of refraction inside the diamond?

A) 20.3°
B) 8.23°
C) 0.354°
D) 10.4°
E) ​57.0°

Question 45

Of the values listed below,which is the greatest possible value for the index of refraction?

A) 1.5
B)

C) 2.0
D) 3.3
E) ​

Question 46

When light from air hits a smooth piece of glass (n = 1.5)with the ray perpendicular to the glass surface,which of the following will occur?

A) reflection and transmission with θ₂ = 0°
B) refraction with θ₂ = 41.8°
C) interference
D) All of the above will occur.

Question 47

A ray of light is incident on the mid-point of a glass prism surface at an angle of 22.7° with the normal.For the glass,n = 1.55,and the prism apex angle is 48.0°.What is the angle of refraction as the ray enters the air on the far side of the prism?

A) 1.03°
B) 59.0°
C) 20.9°
D) 13.3°
E) ​33.6°

Question 48

When light from air hits a smooth piece of glass with the ray perpendicular to the glass surface,the part of the light passing into the glass:

A) will not change its speed.
B) will not change its frequency.
C) will not change its wavelength.
D) will not change its intensity.

Question 49

A light ray passes from air through a thin plastic slab (n = 1.34)with parallel sides.If the ray in air makes an angle of 33° with the normal after leaving the slab,what is the angle of incidence for the ray in air as it impinges upon the other side of the slab?

A) 24°
B) 33°
C) 18°
D) 25°
E) ​44°

Question 50

A ray of white light,incident upon a glass prism,is dispersed into its various color components.Which one of the following colors experiences the greatest angle of deviation?

A) orange
B) violet
C) red
D) green

Question 51

A certain kind of glass has n_blue = 1.650 for blue light and n_red = 1.610 for red light.If a beam of white light (containing all colors)is incident at an angle of 60°,what is the angle between the red and blue light inside the glass?

A) 0.90°
B) 0.88°
C) 59°
D) 0.27°
E) ​89°

Question 52

Dispersion occurs when:

A) some materials bend light more than other materials.
B) a material slows down some wavelengths more than others.
C) a material changes some frequencies more than others.
D) light has different speeds in different materials.

Question 53

Two mirrors are joined together along a common side,the planes of the mirrors separated by the angle θ.If the joined mirrors can be used as a retroreflector when a beam of light strikes both surfaces (one after the other),what is the value of θ?

A) 30°
B) 45°
C) 90°
D) 135°

Question 54

A light beam is incident upon a still water surface.What is the maximum possible value for the angle of refraction? (n_water = 1.333).

A) 76.2°
B) 67.5°
C) 54.4°
D) 48.6°

Question 55

Three materials with n₁ < n₂ < n₃ are arranged in layers of uniform thickness.A light ray in air enters the first layer at an angle of incidence of 30° and the ray eventually exits the third layer at the refracted angle θ in air.What is the value of θ?

A) Some angle less than 30°.
B) 30°.
C) Some angle more than 30°.
D) Insufficient information to answer.

Question 56

An oil film floats on a water surface.The indices of refraction for water and oil,respectively,are 1.333 and 1.466.If a ray of light is incident on the air-to-oil surface at an angle of 25.4° with the normal,what is the incident angle at the oil-to-water surface?

A) 18.8°
B) 17.0°
C) 23.0°
D) 25.4°
E) ​20.8°

Question 57

A ray of light is incident on the mid-point of a glass prism surface at an angle of 23.7° with the normal.For the glass,n = 1.60,and the prism apex angle is 36.1°.What is the angle of incidence at the glass-to-air surface on the side opposite where the ray exits the prism?

A) 40.0°
B) 14.5°
C) 21.6°
D) 12.4°
E) ​26.8°

Question 58

An underwater scuba diver sees the sun at an apparent angle of 41.0° from the vertical.How far is the sun above the horizon? (n_water = 1.333)

A) 61.0°
B) 60.5°
C) 29.0°
D) 29.5°
E) ​41.0°

Question 59

When light passing through a prism undergoes dispersion,the effect is a result of:

A) different wavelengths traveling at different speeds.
B) different wavelengths having different indices of refraction.
C) different wavelengths refracting differently.
D) All of the above.

Question 60

An oil film floats on a water surface.The indices of refraction for water and oil,respectively,are 1.333 and 1.466.If a ray of light is incident on the air-to-oil surface at an angle of 42.3° with the normal,what is the angle of the refracted ray in the water?

A) 27.3°
B) 37.7°
C) 30.3°
D) 33.8°
E) ​42.3°

Question 61

Huygens's wave theory requires which of the following with regard to the relative speeds of light in glass and in air?

A) Speed in air is greater than in glass.
B) Speed in air is less than in glass.
C) Speed in air equals that in glass.
D) Speed in glass equals square root of that in air.

Question 62

A rainbow is a result of:

A) different color droplets of water.
B) dispersion.
C) interference.
D) the Huygens Effect.

Question 63

A ray of light travels across a liquid-to-glass interface.If the indices of refraction for the liquid and glass are,respectively,1.74 and 1.41,what is the critical angle at this interface?

A) Critical angle does not exist.
B) 72.9°
C) 54.1°
D) 0.94°
E) ​90°

Question 64

An optical fiber is made of clear plastic with index of refraction n = 1.52.For what angles with the surface will light remain within the plastic "guide"?

A) ϕ < 33.3°
B) ϕ < 59.2°
C) ϕ < 41.1°
D) ϕ < 48.9°
E) ​ϕ < 70.0°

Question 65

A light ray incident on the interface between air and glass can undergo total internal reflection:

A) only in the glass.
B) only in the air.
C) in either the glass or the air.
D) in the air only if the index of refraction of the glass is greater than the
.

Question 66

Diamond has an index of refraction of 2.419.What is the critical angle for internal reflection inside a diamond that is in air?

A) 24.4°
B) 48.8°
C) 155°
D) 131°

Question 67

Light of colors 1 and 2 are sent through a prism and the rays of light of color 2 bend more.Which of the following is not true?

A) The index of refraction for color 2 is greater than that for color 1.
B) The two colors of light have different frequencies associated with them.
C) The speed of light for color 2 is greater than that for color 1 in this prism.
D) The wavelength for color 1 is different than that for color 2 in this prism.

Question 68

Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle?

A) total reflection
B) total transmission
C) partial reflection,partial transmission
D) partial reflection,total transmission

Question 69

A fiber optic cable (n = 1.62)is submerged in water (n = 1.33).What is the critical angle for light to stay inside the cable?

A) 79.7°
B) 55.2°
C) 38.1°
D) 48.8°
E) ​30.4º

Question 70

What is the maximum possible arc that can be subtended by a rainbow? (Consider all possible viewing geometries).

A) 90°
B) 180°
C) 270°
D) 360°

Question 71

In Huygens's construction,all points on a wave front:

A) act as point sources for the production of secondary spherical waves.
B) act as particles.
C) demonstrate the dual nature of light.
D) must be sources of plane waves.

Question 72

Three flat layers of transparent material are stacked upon one another.The top layer has index of refraction n₁,the middle has n₂ and the bottom one has n₃.If n₁ < n₂ < n₃,at what angle of incidence will a ray of light traverse the three layers in a single straight line?

A)

B)

C)

D) There is such an angle,but it is not given.

Question 73

Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an air-to-glass boundary at less than the critical angle?

A) total reflection
B) total transmission
C) partial reflection,partial transmission
D) partial reflection,total transmission

Question 74

A small underwater pool light is 1.46 m below the surface of a swimming pool.What is the radius of the circle of light on the surface,from which light emerges from the water? (n_water = 1.333).

A) 2.53 m
B) 1.29 m
C) 1.66 m
D) 1.88 m
E) ​1.10 m

Question 75

A container of flint glass (n = 1.57)holds a small quantity of benzene (n = 1.501).What is the critical angle for internal reflection of a ray in the glass when it is incident on the glass-to-liquid surface?

A) 87.5°
B) 73.0°
C) 41.8°
D) 39.6°
E) ​86.0º

Question 76

Fiber optics has to do with:

A) the color of fabrics.
B) light having fiber characteristics as well as wave and particle characteristics.
C) string theory.
D) none of the above.

Question 77

Three flat layers of transparent material are stacked upon one another.The top layer has index of refraction n₁,the middle n₂ and the bottom one n₃.If n₁ > n₂ > n₃,and a ray of light in air strikes the top layer,at which surface given can total internal reflection occur first?

A) the top surface
B) the surface between materials with indices n₁ and n₂
C) the surface between materials with indices n₂ and n₃
D) Total internal reflection cannot occur at any of these surfaces.

Question 78

Three flat layers of transparent material are stacked upon one another.The top layer has index of refraction n₁,the middle has n₂ and the bottom one has n₃.If n₁ > n₂ > n₃,and if a ray of light strikes the top layer at an angle of incidence
,in which layer is the angle of refraction the greatest?

A) the top layer
B) the middle layer
C) the bottom layer
D) Once the ray enters the touching layers,the angle of refraction remains constant.

Question 79

If total internal reflection occurs at a glass-air surface:

A) no light is transmited.
B) no light is reflected.
C) light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle greater than the critical angle.
D) light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle less than the critical angle.

Question 80

Before light can undergo total internal reflection when incident on material 2 from material 1,what must be true of the indices of refraction?

A) n₁ = n₂
B) n₁ < n₂
C) n₁ > n₂
D) Either n₁ or n₂ must be equal to 1.