Deck 32: Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

Which organ or structure helps with digestion without being part of the human alimentary canal?

A) esophagus
B) mouth
C) liver
D) stomach
E) small intestine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If you were observing some filter feeders,you would be looking at autotrophs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Animals that eat only plants are

A) omnivores.
B) herbivores.
C) carnivores.
D) detritivores.
E) insectivores.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If you were working in a lab and were told to take a sample of amylase from a subject,you would sample from the small intestine.

Question 5

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.
E) rectum.

Question 6

In sequence of their occurrence,the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are

A) ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
B) ingestion, absorption, digestion, and elimination.
C) absorption, ingestion, digestion, and elimination.
D) absorption, digestion, ingestion, and elimination.
E) digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination.

Question 7

If your professor told you that next class would include a display of a cage of live animals which ate both plant and animal material,you would expect to see a cage full of

A) carnivores.
B) herbivores.
C) detritivores.
D) omnivores.
E) insectivores.

Question 8

The name for rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system are termed

A) countercurrent exchange.
B) phagocytosis.
C) peristalsis.
D) rumination.
E) sphincter contractions.

Question 9

A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for

A) growth.
B) metabolism.
C) maintenance.
D) repair of tissues.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 10

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

A) earthworms.
B) sponges.
C) clams.
D) starfish.
E) jellyfish.

Question 11

A cow,standing in a field after eating grass,relies both on intracellular and extracellular digestion.

Question 12

In animals,the pouch that forms at the entrance to the large intestine is the

A) gastrovascular cavity.
B) rumen.
C) cecum.
D) anus.
E) appendix.

Question 13

The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.
E) rectum.

Question 14

Which of the following produces bile?

A) gall bladder
B) liver
C) stomach
D) pancreas
E) appendix

Question 15

If you observed a group of animals for several weeks and only saw them eat dead and decaying matter,you would call them

A) omnivores.
B) carnivores.
C) detritivores.
D) herbivores.
E) insectivores.

Question 16

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are

A) omnivores.
B) carnivores.
C) herbivores.
D) detritivores.
E) folivores.

Question 17

The function of bile is to

A) digest proteins.
B) digest carbohydrates.
C) emulsify fats.
D) digest nucleotides.
E) emulsify proteins.

Question 18

In herbivores,cellulose is primarily broken down by

A) bacteria living within the herbivore gastrointestinal tract.
B) helminthes living within the herbivore.
C) powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores' intestinal glands.
D) powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores' salivary glands.
E) powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores' stomach glands.

Question 19

The cecum is the largest in

A) protozoans.
B) omnivores.
C) carnivores.
D) herbivores.
E) detritivores.

Question 20

When a single-celled ciliate protist engulfs a food particle through its mouth-like oral groove,it will perform extracellular digestion.

Question 21

If you observe an animal ingesting large amounts of food at short intervals and material entering and leaving from the same place,also frequently,you could say that

A) this is probably an endotherm with an incomplete digestive tract.
B) this is probably an ectotherm with an incomplete digestive tract.
C) this is probably an endotherm with a complete digestive tract.
D) this is probably an ectotherm with a complete digestive tract.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 22

Rings of muscle in the digestive tract that can open and close,regulating the movement of food into or out of parts of the digestive system,are

A) rumens.
B) sphincters.
C) chymes.
D) villi.
E) uvulas.

Question 23

If you wanted to treat a patient who could not digest fats due to a metabolic mutation,you might want to find a way to enhance their digestive tract with

A) lactase.
B) amylase.
C) pepsin.
D) lipase.
E) bile.

Question 24

If you were dissecting a tadpole from the genus Spea,and you found that it had a very short gut,you would expect what about its habitat and diet?

A) The pond from which it came was probably low on water and had mostly animals for food.
B) The pond from which it came was probably low on water and had mostly algae for food.
C) The pond from which it came was probably quite deep and had mostly animals for food.
D) The pond from which it came was probably deep and had mostly algae for food.
E) The pond from which it came was probably low on water and had a mix of algae and animals for food.

Question 25

You are dissecting an animal and notice a large store of fat.Based on this you can say that this animal contains abundant

A) carbon.
B) lipid.
C) potential energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 26

Teeth are mineralized structures for holding and breaking up food.

Question 27

The building blocks which animals need for life include

A) sugars.
B) nucleotides.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 28

The tadpoles of Scaphiopus toads have less variable intestinal length in their tadpoles than Spea toads.

Question 29

When cleaning up from lab,you are asked to place two intestinal tracts in the appropriate bins.You would put the shorter one in a bin marked "herbivore" and the longer one in a bin marked "carnivore."

Question 30

If you were to use a drug to paralyze jaw muscles,what would happen to digestion?

A) Mechanical digestion would be inhibited since the jaws could not drive the breakdown of food by teeth.
B) The secretion of amylase would be inhbited since muscles could not work.
C) Peristalsis would stop.
D) Lipase would not be added to food.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 31

You are given a newly discovered organism and are asked to help classify it.You note only one opening to the digestive tract,and microscopic examination shows it to be multicellular and lacking chloroplasts.You therefore call it

A) heterotrophic, with an incomplete digestive tract.
B) autotrophi, with an incomplete digestive tract.
C) heterotrophic, with a complete digestive tract.
D) heterotrophic, with a complete digestive tract.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 32

Jellyfish have incomplete digestive tracts.

Question 33

An autotroph obtains the energy that it needs to maintain homeostasis from the sun.

Question 34

A heterotroph obtains the energy that it needs to maintain homeostasis from the sun.

Question 35

An enzyme that breaks down protein is

A) lipase.
B) lactase.
C) pepsin.
D) amylase.
E) bile.

Question 36

Phenotypic plasticity is seen when a trait such as intestine length can vary depending on the conditions under which an organism develops.

Question 37

Autotrophs make their own food using energy captured from the sun.

Question 38

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

A) lipase.
B) lactase.
C) pepsin.
D) amylase.
E) bile.

Question 39

Spadefoot toads show phenotypic plasticity for what digestive trait?

A) intestine length
B) liver weight
C) stomach size
D) sphincter tightness
E) number of teeth

Question 40

Endotherms need more energy than ectotherms since they must do more metabolic work to maintain body temperature.

Question 41

The semifluid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

A) feces.
B) chyme.
C) glottis.
D) cud.
E) mash.

Question 42

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passageway,is the

A) epiglottis.
B) cecum.
C) rumen.
D) uvula.
E) soft palate.

Question 43

Which of the following is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

A) rickets
B) beriberi
C) scurvy
D) pellagra
E) blindness

Question 44

If you were designing a study of human digestion,and you decided to add a chemical which would become visible in the target area for antacids,where would the chemical become visible?

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) small intestine
D) stomach
E) large intestine

Question 45

Observing a patient in the hospital,you notice that the patient requests extra food at most meals,but has a low BMI and housekeeping frequently finds vomit on towels in the patient's room.you would diagnose

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) morbid obesity.
C) copious intake.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) bulimia.

Question 46

The human large intestine is about _____ in length.

A) 1.5 m
B) 6 m
C) 7.5 m
D) 15 m
E) 30 m

Question 47

The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the

A) larynx.
B) trachea.
C) esophagus.
D) glottis.
E) bronchus.

Question 48

An ectotherm with a complete digestive tract might eat infrequently,eliminating from a different place from the one where it ingested.

Question 49

If an individual has his/her gall bladder removed,he/she is typically put on a low-fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

A) Bile acids cannot be produced.
B) Bile acids cannot be removed from the intestines.
C) Bile acids cannot be released following a meal.
D) Lipase cannot be released following a meal.
E) Lipase cannot be produced.

Question 50

If you didn't consume enough niacin (vitamin B₃),you would have diarrhea since you would have what disease?

A) scurvy
B) pellagra
C) rickets
D) beriberi
E) anemia

Question 51

The solid waste that leaves the digestive tract of a vertebrate is called chyme.

Question 52

If a doctor designs an operation intended to help victims of stomach cancer who have lost most of their stomachs by fusing the remaining stomach tissue with the esophagus,the main problem is likely to be damage to the esophageal tissue from stomach acid.

Question 53

Which of the following is caused by a vitamin B₁ (thiamine)deficiency?

A) scurvy
B) rickets
C) pellagra
D) beriberi
E) high blood sugar

Question 54

BMI stands for body mass index.

Question 55

If you saw a child with bent,bowed legs,what disease would you suspect the child had?

A) rickets
B) scurvy
C) beriberi
D) pellagra
E) anemia

Question 56

The energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water from 14.5^oC 15.5^oC under controlled conditions is

A) 1 kilocalorie.
B) 1 calorie.
C) 1 joule.
D) 1 erg.
E) 1 gram.

Question 57

Larger animals generally need more energy and building blocks than do smaller animals.

Question 58

The three main regions of the human small intestine proceeding in sequence from the stomach to the large intestine are

A) duodenum, ileum, and jejunum.
B) ileum, duodenum, and jejunum.
C) ileum, jejunum, and duodenum.
D) jejunum, ileum, and duodenum.
E) duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 59

Morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI (body mass index)of at least

A) 10-15.
B) 40.
C) 20.
D) 25.
E) 30.

Question 60

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

A) to provide the energy needed to use the vitamins
B) to help with the absorption of water-soluble vitamins
C) to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
D) to provide food for the vitamins to break down
E) to provide the energy needed to synthesize more vitamins

Question 61

The pyloric sphincter lies between the small intestine and large intestine,thereby controlling the movement of food into the large intestine.

Question 62

If the side effect of a drug was to disrupt homeostasis of vitamin C,leading to its premature breakdown and insufficent concentration,scurvy could result.

Question 63

Acid reflux or "heartburn" is caused when the gastric juice moves back into the esophagus through the pyloric sphincter.

Question 64

In herbivores,the cecum is small because the food they ingest is easily digested.

Question 65

If an experiment were done to see what would happen if the large intestine of a cow were removed,what would occur?

A) Minerals would not be reabsorbed in large amounts.
B) Waste from the digestive tract would be watery.
C) Digestion of bacteria from the cecum could not occur.
D) The liver would have less work to do.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 66

The lining of both the stomach and small intestines is protected from digestive enzymes by a mucus secretion.

Question 67

Symbiotic bacteria in the large intestine help prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria.

Question 68

The process by which a cell engulfs particulate matter is phagocytosis.

Question 69

The trace mineral iron is necessary in humans for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin molecules.