Deck 31: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Working in your veterinary practice,a woman comes in,upset that her pet parrot has inhaled a valuable diamond.The first place you would look for the diamond would be the

A) anterior air sacs.
B) lamellae of the gills.
C) posterior air sacs.
D) bronchioles.
E) capillaries.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.

A) oxygen; carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen; carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
D) oxygen; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

A) connective
B) nervous
C) muscle
D) vascular
E) epithelial

Answer 3

E

Question 4

If you were doing research on lung tissue,and you wanted to use a drug to change the state of the bronchioles,you would apply a drug which affected the function of

A) cartilage.
B) smooth muscle.
C) cartilage and smooth muscle.
D) skeletal muscle.
E) cartilage and skeletal muscle.

Question 5

You are dealing with a patient in a coma,so you order a brain scan to help diagnose the cause of elevated respiration rate.The scan shows elevated activity in the medulla,and the patient's records indicate a life of work around irritating chemicals,so you suspect that the patient has

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) asthma.
C) emphysema.
D) apnea.
E) tuberculosis.

Question 6

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system regulates airflow to alveoli?

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) muscle
D) nervous
E) vascular

Question 7

The openings in the exoskeleton of arthropods that allow oxygen into highly branched internal tubules that reach individual body cells are

A) spicules.
B) alveoli.
C) tracheae.
D) spiracles.
E) gills.

Question 8

If you were asked to clean up after a lab on respiration and needed to sort models into appropriate bins,you would place into the bin marked "Aquatic Organisms" those models having

A) spicules.
B) alveoli.
C) tracheae.
D) gills.
E) spiracles.

Question 9

Which function is perfomed by another system working with the respiratory system,rather than by the respiratory system itself?

A) olfaction
B) gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere
C) production of sounds
D) transport of oxygen to the cells of the body
E) maintaining blood pH homeostasis

Question 10

Olfaction is the sense of

A) smell.
B) hearing.
C) taste.
D) vision.
E) touch.

Question 11

ATP is required by cells for

A) DNA replication.
B) movement.
C) production of proteins.
D) growth.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 12

The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the

A) larynx.
B) pharynx.
C) vocal cords.
D) esophagus.
E) trachea.

Question 13

Which animal(s)can get needed oxygen by diffusion of the gas across a body surface and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?

A) fish
B) flatworms
C) fish and flatworms
D) sea anemones
E) sea anemones and flatworms

Question 14

The _________________ nervous system controls the contraction of __________________ in the wall of the bronchioles,thereby adjusting airflow in response to metabolic demands.

A) autonomic; skeletal muscle
B) autonomic; smooth muscle
C) somatic; skeletal muscle
D) somatic; smooth muscle
E) autonomic; cartilage

Question 15

The small air sacs of the lungs are the

A) alveoli.
B) bronchioles.
C) arterioles.
D) spiracles.
E) uvula.

Question 16

In mammals,the contraction of the muscular _______________ expands the chest,pulling air into the lungs.

A) chest cavity
B) rib cage
C) trachea
D) diaphragm
E) sternum

Question 17

The anatomical arrangement in which two adjacent currents flow in opposite directions and exchange materials with each other is found in the respiratory systems of which of the following?

A) mammals
B) birds
C) fish
D) worms
E) sea anemones

Question 18

There are approximately ________________ alveoli in the adult human lung.

A) 500,000
B) 50 million
C) 500 million
D) 300,000
E) 300 million

Question 19

Which respiratory disease can be caused by a bacterial infection?

A) the common cold
B) asthma
C) lung cancer
D) tuberculosis
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 20

If you were designing a new insecticide absorbed via the respiratory system,and you were studying a fluorescently labelled version of the arthropod killing chemical in it,you would first look for the label in the

A) spicules.
B) tracheae.
C) alveoli.
D) spiracles.
E) gills.

Question 21

An increase to 0.5% carbon dioxide in the air (from the normal 0.03%)makes us breathe 10 times faster.Which alteration in homeostatic conditions in the blood would limit how long you can hold your breath?

A) Lack of carbon dioxide raises the pH.
B) Lack of oxygen raises the pH.
C) Buildup of carbon dioxide lowers the pH.
D) Buildup of oxygen lowers the pH.
E) Buildup of nitrogen raises the pH.

Question 22

Blood transports the most carbon dioxide by which of the following?

A) as bicarbonate ions
B) in red blood cells
C) bound to protein in the plasma
D) bound to hemoglobin
E) bound to myoglobin

Question 23

What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

A) active transport against a concentration gradient
B) facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
C) facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
D) diffusion down a concentration gradient
E) the heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream

Question 24

How does an insect "hold its breath"?

A) by closing its tracheae
B) by closing its mouth
C) by closing its spiracles
D) by closing its gills
E) by closing its nostrils

Question 25

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO)stimulates the production of red blood cells.What effect would this have on transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A) Oxygen transport would increase; carbon dioxide transport would not be affected much.
B) Oxygen transport would decrease; carbon dioxide transport would not be affected much.
C) Oxygen transport would increase; carbon dioxide transport would decrease.
D) Oxygen transport would decrease; carbon dioxide transport would increase.
E) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport would both increase.

Question 26

Hemoglobin has a greater affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen.Which of the following would you predict to be a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A) hyperactivity
B) increased blood pH
C) decreased exhalation of oxygen
D) increased heart rate
E) decreased ATP production

Question 27

One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is,

A) we use carbon dioxide to make glucose.
B) we produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of aerobic respiration.
C) we produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of transmission of nerve impulses across synapses.
D) carbon dioxide is a by-product of photosynthesis.
E) carbon dioxide dissolves better in blood than does oxygen.

Question 28

The concentration of oxygen is decreased at high altitude.Why would this make it harder for a person to get enough oxygen into their blood?

A) Hemoglobin cannot bind oxygen well at low concentrations.
B) The concentration gradient from the alveoli to the blood decreases.
C) People are working harder at high altitude and have higher demands for oxygen.
D) The concentration of oxygen in the blood is too low for diffusion into tissues.
E) The heart cannot obtain enough energy to pump oxygen into the blood from the alveoli.

Question 29

Hemoglobin is a(n)_____-rich pigment that carries oxygen.

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) zinc
D) phosphorous
E) iron

Question 30

The interaction of blood pH,medulla,and carbon dioxide is an example of homeostasis.

Question 31

Figuer:
What is the dependent variable in this figure?

A) time
B) partial pressure of oxygen in the tracheae
C) external concentration of oxygen
D) number of moth pupae
E) size of each moth pupa

Question 32

Sleep apnea is more common in people who are overweight.Excess fat in the neck compresses the _____,cutting off airflow.

A) larynx
B) thorax
C) bronchi
D) lungs
E) alveoli

Question 33

When biologists Hetz and Bradley measured the oxygen concentration inside the tracheae of Atlas moth pupae,what hypotheses were they testing?

A) Discontinuous breathing protects against too much oxygen.
B) Discontinuous breathing decreases water loss.
C) Discontinuous breathing helps underground insects avoid high levels of carbon dioxide.
D) Discontinuous breathing saves energy by not moving the diaphragm.
E) Discontinuous breathing is harmful because less oxygen is taken up.

Question 34

In working to maintain homeostasis in oxygen concentrations in the body,blood in the pulmonary artery would have _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

A) more; less
B) the same; less
C) less; more
D) more; the same
E) less; less

Question 35

What drives the movement of carbon dioxide from tissue into the bloodstream?

A) active transport against a concentration gradient
B) facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
C) diffusion down a concentration gradient
D) facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
E) the heart pumping the carbon dioxide into the bloodstream

Question 36

The liquid component of blood is referred to as

A) lymph.
B) cytosol.
C) interstitial fluid.
D) plasma.
E) intracellular fluid.

Question 37

The pH of blood is usually maintained at about

A) 5.2.
B) 6.4.
C) 6.8.
D) 7.4.
E) 8.6.

Question 38

Emphysema is caused by destruction of the walls between alveoli,leading to hyperinflation of the lungs.Which of the following would occur in the lungs of someone with emphysema?

A) decreased uptake of carbon dioxide
B) decreased uptake of glucose
C) decreased uptake of oxygen
D) decreased rate of respiration
E) decreased heart rate

Question 39

If a smoker deliberately held their respiration rate at the same level as a non-smoker,the slowed diffusion of gas due to smoking-realted damage could lead to decreased blood pH.

Question 40

The protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells is

A) myoglobin.
B) hemoglobin.
C) actin.
D) iron.
E) insulin.

Question 41

The medulla has receptors that monitor H⁺ concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 42

What homeostatic requirement might explain why discontinuous breathing is only seen in resting insects?

A) Toxic levels of carbon dioxide can build up in active insects.
B) Resting insects have more metabolic activity.
C) Oxygen can build up in active insects.
D) Oxygen is used as quickly as it arrives in active insects.
E) Resting insects produce more carbon dioxide.

Question 43

Figuer:
What is the independent variable,the one manipulated by the experimenters,in this figure?

A) partial pressure of oxygen in the tracheae
B) number of times the spiracles are open
C) number of moth pupae
D) external concentration of oxygen
E) size of each moth pupa