Deck 30: The Circulatory System

Question 1

A heart murmur is caused by

A) a greater than normal force of contraction of the right atrium.
B) a constriction of the pulmonary artery.
C) blockage of the aorta.
D) the heart valves not functioning properly.
E) a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the left atrium.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If you were shown a patient with a problem having water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid,you should first examine the state of the patient's

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) lymph vessels.
D) capillaries.
E) sieve tubes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are

A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which vessel might be blocked if the heart itself was not being well oxygenated?

A) aorta
B) coronary artery
C) carotid artery
D) superior vena cava
E) inferior vena cava

Question 5

The myocardium is the

A) sac surrounding the heart.
B) layer of endothelial cells lining the wall of the heart.
C) artery that carries blood away from the heart.
D) artery that carries blood to the heart.
E) thick, muscular layer of the wall of the heart.

Question 6

You are examining an animal in lab which you do not recognize immediately,but dissection shows that it has a backbone and a two-chambered heart,so you classify it among the

A) amphibians.
B) reptiles.
C) birds.
D) fish.
E) mammals.

Question 7

Cardiac output may be increased by a

A) greater-than-normal heart rate.
B) lower-than-normal stroke volume.
C) lower-than-normal stroke volume and heart rate.
D) greater-than-normal stroke volume.
E) greater-than-normal stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 8

Blood has many functions in the human body.For example,it

A) is a liquid connective tissue.
B) delivers food to the cells of the body.
C) delivers oxygen to the cells of the body.
D) helps remove wastes from the body.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 9

The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the

A) ventricles.
B) arteries.
C) vascular cavities.
D) atria.
E) sinuses.

Question 10

At the emergency room where you work,a patient comes in needing rush surgery to repair a large leak of systemically circulated blood from the two vessels that return it to the heart,so you plan to operate on the

A) pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava.
B) superior vena cava and pulmonary vein.
C) aorta and inferior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
E) aorta and superior vena cava.

Question 11

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about _____________ liters through the body.

A) 50,000
B) 1000
C) 7000
D) 2000
E) 5000

Question 12

The tough connective tissue sac surrounding the heart is the

A) myocardium.
B) epicardium.
C) peritoneal cavity.
D) pericardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 13

Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include

A) fish.
B) amphibians.
C) birds.
D) mammals.
E) annelids.

Question 14

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) capillaries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.

Question 15

The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are

A) mollusks.
B) amphibians.
C) annelids.
D) fish.
E) reptiles.

Question 16

A heartbeat begins in the

A) atrioventricular valve.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) sinoatrial node.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.

Question 17

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein is made up of

A) valves.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) endothelium.
E) simple squamous epithelial cells.

Question 18

Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include

A) fish.
B) nonavian reptiles.
C) birds.
D) amphibians.
E) annelids.

Question 19

The capillary wall consists only of

A) a single layer of epithelial cells covered by connective tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) a single layer of endothelial cells.
D) smooth muscle.
E) a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle.

Question 20

A patient has a problem with semilunar valve function.You would expect to see a problem with the normal structure in the heart intended to

A) prevent arterial blood from reentering the ventricles.
B) prevent blood from re-entering the atria when ventricles contract.
C) prevent the backflow of blood in large veins.
D) are located between the atria and ventricles.
E) prevent blood from entering the arteries.

Question 21

The narrowing of blood vessels is

A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.

Question 22

Diastolic pressure reflects the

A) contraction of the atria.
B) relaxation of the atria.
C) contraction of the ventricles.
D) relaxation of the ventricles.
E) heart rate.

Question 23

In lab,you are asked to decide what stain to use to examine certain cells in a blood sample.These cells will be full of bacteria that cells are destroying,so you pick a stain specific for

A) erythrocytes.
B) chondrocytes.
C) platelets.
D) leukocytes.
E) osteocytes.

Question 24

The abundant protein in blood,which is arguably the most critical for oxygen homeostasis in the body,is

A) myoglobin.
B) actin.
C) fibrinogen.
D) hemoglobin.
E) myosin.

Question 25

The widening of blood vessels is

A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.

Question 26

If you were designing a new operation for temporary relief of poorly oxygenated tissues in one part of the thorax,you could try to bypass blood from what vessel to that tissue?

A) pulmonary vein
B) superior vena cava
C) pulmonary artery
D) hepatic vein
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 27

The right ventricle sends blood to the lungs.

Question 28

The right ventricle sends blood to the systemic circulation.

Question 29

Systolic pressure reflects the

A) contraction of the atria.
B) relaxation of the atria.
C) contraction of the ventricles.
D) relaxation of the ventricles.
E) heart rate.

Question 30

A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is

A) clotting.
B) agglutination.
C) constriction.
D) atherosclerosis.
E) inflammation.

Question 31

The theoretical maximum heart rate for a 20-year-old is 200.

Question 32

If you were watching a blood clot form under a microscope,with platelets aggregating at the clot,you would first have seen the bursting of

A) leukocytes.
B) erythrocytes.
C) platelets.
D) chondrocytes.
E) osteocytes.

Question 33

Cardiac output depends on heart rate and stroke volume.

Question 34

The force that blood exerts on artery walls is termed _____ pressure.

A) venous
B) gravitational
C) blood
D) osmotic
E) pulmonary

Question 35

While arteries are usually full of oxygenated blood,the one major exception is the pulmonary artery.

Question 36

The relative thickness of vessel walls,from greatest to least,is: artery,vein,capillary.

Question 37

Which is part of a critical body system protected by the lymphatic system but is not part of the lymphatic system itself?

A) skeletal muscle
B) tonsil
C) spleen
D) pancreas
E) thymus

Question 38

Scientists preparing preserved animals often inject colored latex into the circulatory system to identify different kinds of vessels.What color of latex is likely to be seen escaping from some blood vessels in preserved fetal pigs if pink latex is injected on the arterial side and blue on the venous side?

A) blue latex
B) pink latex
C) both colors mixed together
D) spots of different colors in different parts of the pig
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 39

The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are

A) leukocytes.
B) erythrocytes.
C) platelets.
D) chondrocytes.
E) osteocytes.

Question 40

The liquid matrix of blood is

A) interstitial fluid.
B) water.
C) cytosol.
D) plasma.
E) lymph.

Question 41

If you compared the blood pressure of an insect to that of a mammal,you would expect the pressure to be lower in the insect.

Question 42

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point represents

A) that the heart is once again beating.
B) the force of contraction of the atria.
C) diastolic pressure.
D) venous pressure.
E) systolic pressure.

Question 43

Some people have been known to make money by selling blood plasma frequently,planning to do this as often as twice per week.Why is this frequency possible?

A) Plasma only contains fluid and dissolved substances such as proteins that can be rapidly replaced.
B) Plasma contains platelets which can be replaced quickly.
C) Plasma contains red blood cells which can be replaced quickly.
D) Plasma contains only water and can be rapidly replaced.
E) Plasma is regenerated from the blood cells injected back into the donor.

Question 44

If you were designing a drug to enhance the learning of T cells in order to increase the ability of the body to protect itself,where would the drug have to be targeted in the body?

A) skeletal muscle
B) tonsil
C) spleen
D) pancreas
E) thymus

Question 45

You are trying to explain a circulatory problem to a patient who is experiencing excessive blood pressure.The patient's brain is confused,acting as if pressure is lower than it is.This leads to the problem,you tell the patient,because if blood pressure if perceived to be too low,the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A) increases; dilate
B) decreases; dilate
C) increases; constrict
D) decreases; constrict
E) increases; rupture

Question 46

The pulmonary vein transports deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 47

Icefish have which circulatory systems?

A) closed with a two-chambered heart
B) open
C) closed with a single-chambered heart
D) closed with a three-chambered heart
E) closed with a four-chambered heart

Question 48

A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on the chest of a person and an electrical shock is administered.What is this procedure treating?

A) aneurysm
B) heart attack due to atherosclerosis
C) anemia
D) tachycardia
E) arrhythmia

Question 49

An irregular heartbeat in which the ventricles do not fill completely could be due to a malfunction in the atriventricular node.

Question 50

The renal artery delivers blood to the pancreas.

Question 51

Why would icefish lose their alpha and beta globin genes through mutation?

A) If hemoglobin was not necessary, there was no selective pressure to keep mutations from accumulating.
B) The fish wanted to stop producing red blood cells, so they mutated the globin genes.
C) Fish with red blood cells absorbed too much heat from sunlight filtering through the ice.
D) Mistakes in DNA replication are more likely to occur at colder temperatures.
E) Fish living in the cold cannot obtain enough iron to make hemoglobin.

Question 52

How do icefish transport oxygen in their blood for homeostatic purposes?

A) in red blood cells
B) in white blood cells
C) in platelets
D) in plasma
E) on hemoglobin

Question 53

In an open circulatory system,the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.

Question 54

You are working on a drug to affect heart function,and your are told to direct the drug to change the relaxation of the ventricles.If your drug is successful,it will alter

A) that the heart is once again beating.
B) the force of contraction of the atria.
C) venous pressure.
D) diastolic pressure.
E) systolic pressure.

Question 55

What mutations occurred in typical icefish that prevent production of hemoglobin?

A) fragmentation of both the alpha and beta genes
B) deletion of the alpha gene and fragmentation of the beta gene
C) deletion of both the alpha and beta genes
D) fragmentation of the alpha gene and deletion of the beta gene
E) destruction of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 56

Why would exercise immediately help blood circulation in your legs?

A) As muscles contract, they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
B) Increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
C) As muscles contract, they squeeze blood through the veins.
D) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells.
E) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.

Question 57

The organ of the lymph system in which specialized white blood cells called T cells learn to distinguish body cells from foreign cells is the

A) spleen.
B) thymus.
C) tonsil.
D) lymph node.
E) heart.

Question 58

If blood pressure is too high,the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A) increases; dilate
B) increases; constrict
C) decreases; constrict
D) decreases; dilate
E) increases; rupture

Question 59

The sinoatrial node,also called the pacemaker,sets the tempo of the heart beat.

Question 60

Why would having a four-chambered heart,as in birds and mammals,optimize efficiency of oxygen delivery to tissues?

A) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased.
B) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased.
C) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood.
D) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues.
E) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs.

Question 61

Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

Question 62

Blood clotting is prompted by signals from the central nevous system.

Question 63

The proteins needed to form blood clots are known as clotting factors.

Question 64

The lymphatic system collects fluid that has leaked from blood capillaries,removes bacteria,and returns the cleansed fluid to the blood.