Deck 22: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

The source of a plant's new cells among the tissues are its

A) vascular bundles.
B) meristems.
C) stomata.
D) cortex in the stems and roots.
E) tracheid tissues.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

While observing plants that you and your class collected around campus,you observe that in many plants,one or more leaves attach at common points on the stem.This point on each plant is the

A) axillary bud.
B) internode.
C) sieve plate.
D) petiole.
E) node.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The main vegetative parts of plants include

A) fruits, flowers, and leaves.
B) flowers and fruits only.
C) roots, flowers, and stems.
D) roots, stems, and leaves.
E) stems, roots, flowers, leaves, and fruits.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a _____ cell.

A) guard
B) sclerenchyma
C) parenchyma
D) sieve tube
E) collenchyma

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant?

A) to absorb water
B) to absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
C) to form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients
D) to anchor the plant
E) to produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism

Question 6

The main difference between adventitious roots and other root types is that

A) there is no woody or starch storage tissue within the adventitious roots.
B) adventitious roots do not conduct water or nutrients for the plant, as do other specialized root types.
C) other specialized root types do not provide the same advantages as adventitious roots.
D) None of these answer options are correct.
E) adventitious roots are formed from any part of the plant other than the root.

Question 7

The primary root of many eudicots that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is a

A) fibrous root.
B) stolon.
C) companion root.
D) rhizome.
E) taproot.

Question 8

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is the

A) tracheid.
B) intercalary meristem.
C) lateral meristem.
D) vascular bundle.
E) apical meristem.

Question 9

The two main parts of a leaf are the

A) blade and petiole.
B) node and internode.
C) axillary bud and blade.
D) blade and fruit.
E) node and axillary bud.

Question 10

The key contrast in comparison between a simple leaf and a compound leaf is that

A) a leaf blade is the only structure of a simple leaf, while compound leaves have leaflets.
B) there are no stomata in the simple leaves, but there are stomata in compound leaves.
C) simple leaves have xylem only, while compound leaves have both xylem and phloem.
D) parallel veins are in the simple leaves, while compound leaves have netlike veins.
E) petioles are absent on simple leaves.

Question 11

The stalk-like support for a leaf is called a(n)

A) companion cell.
B) node.
C) petiole.
D) internode.
E) blade.

Question 12

Tendrils are

A) structures in some carnivorous plant leaves, such as the Venus Flytrap, that trigger the leaves to close on insects.
B) the central, supporting stalk of a compound leaf.
C) starch-storing specialized roots, such as carrots.
D) specialized stems that grow across the ground, and reproduce shoots and roots asexually.
E) specialized stems that coil and provide springy attachment for climbing.

Question 13

At your cafeteria,you have a choice of two starchy vegetables,the potatos or the yams.These large,underground stems that store starch are

A) stolons.
B) rhizoids.
C) tubers.
D) tendrils.
E) rhizomes.

Question 14

After bringing a small plant into the biology lab,you prepare microscope slides of the shoot.Near the tip of the shoot,you observe a dense patch of cells that seem to be actively dividing in a way that would cause the shoot to continue growing in length.The patch of cells is the

A) apical meristem.
B) vascular bundle.
C) intercalary meristem.
D) lateral meristem.
E) tracheid.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a function of a plant stem?

A) storage of water
B) protection from predators
C) production of pollen
D) storage of starch
E) support

Question 16

Internodes of plants are

A) located on the roots.
B) located on the stems.
C) dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages.
D) periods of time between releasing of pollen.
E) located on the male flower parts.

Question 17

If a plant exhibits determinate growth,the plant

A) produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant.
B) produces seeds only at one time during its life.
C) continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot.
D) stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size.
E) sends out tendrils to support the plant.

Question 18

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are

A) rhizoids.
B) rhizomes.
C) tubers.
D) stolons.
E) tendrils.

Question 19

Stems that grow along the soil surface asexually forming new plants at their nodes are

A) tubers.
B) tendrils.
C) rhizomes.
D) rhizoids.
E) stolons.

Question 20

The tissue that regrows a leaf from its base is the

A) intercalary meristem.
B) vascular bundle.
C) tracheid.
D) apical meristem.
E) lateral meristem.

Question 21

The root cap (labeled item D)

A) secretes a lubricant for the growing root.
B) is located at the tip of the root.
C) plays a role in sensing gravity.
D) protects the meristem from abrasion.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 22

Home gardeners who grow tomatoes are often told to pinch off axillary buds at nodes to prevent the plants from becoming too bushy.This is consistent with most tomato plants being which of the following?

A) determinate
B) eudicots
C) indeterminate
D) monocots

Question 23

In a woody stem,xylem and phloem are produced by the

A) vascular bundle.
B) companion cells.
C) sieve tube.
D) casparian strip.
E) vascular cambium.

Question 24

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source.This is because the tip of the root is which of the following?

A) endodermis
B) apical meristem
C) dermal tissue
D) vascular tissue
E) pericycle

Question 25

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope,it would be best to plant _____ because they have _____.

A) trees; fibrous roots
B) grasses; taproots
C) grasses; fibrous roots
D) trees; taproots

Question 26

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a _____ cell.

A) collenchyma
B) sclerenchyma
C) guard
D) sieve tube
E) parenchyma

Question 27

Which of the following is not a vegetable,or edible vegetative part of a plant?

A) asparagus
B) onion
C) potato
D) cucumber
E) beet

Question 28

Conducting cells in xylem are

A) tracheids.
B) vessel elements.
C) tracheids and vessel elements.
D) tracheids and sieve tube elements.
E) sieve tube elements.

Question 29

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is

A) leaf.
B) cork cambium.
C) mesophyll tissue.
D) wood.
E) bark.

Question 30

The pair of cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are

A) pith cells.
B) sieve tube cells.
C) guard cells.
D) vascular cells.
E) companion cells.

Question 31

While the _____ transports dissolved organic nutrition molecules,such as sugars,from the leaves after photosynthesis,the _____ transports water and dissolved minerals from the soil to the shoots and leaves.

A) phloem; xylem
B) wood; meristem
C) ground tissue; dermal tissue
D) tracheids; vessel elements
E) xylem; phloem

Question 32

Cuticle is

A) the structure that is built up around guard cells, for opening the stomata.
B) a waxy layer on the epidermis, for conserving water.
C) None of these answer options are correct.
D) the name of the organic molecules that flow through the xylem.
E) the tough, complex molecule that forms secondary, rigid cell walls in sclerenchyma cells.

Question 33

In lab,you are shown a freshly cut woody stem.Covering the stem are several cell layers,including cork,living parenchyma,and the cork cambium.These layers replace the function of a single epidermis layer that would be found in immature stems and nonwoody stems that don't have secondary growth.This collection of cell layers is the

A) ectoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) periderm.
D) pachyderm.
E) mesoderm.

Question 34

The pores through which leaves exchange atmospheric gases with leaf cells for photosynthesis are

A) stomata.
B) sieve tube elements.
C) guard cells.
D) epidermal cells.
E) petioles.

Question 35

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from the

A) root tip.
B) node.
C) apical meristem.
D) intercalary meristem.
E) lateral meristem.

Question 36

The _____ transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.

A) stomata
B) epidermis
C) guard cells
D) xylem
E) phloem

Question 37

The main phloem conducting cells are

A) companion cells.
B) tracheids.
C) sieve tube elements.
D) stomata.
E) vessel elements.

Question 38

Which of the following is neither a fruit nor another edible reproductive part of a plant?

A) celery
B) corn
C) broccoli
D) tomato
E) walnut

Question 39

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from the

A) node.
B) root tip.
C) lateral meristem.
D) intercalary meristem.
E) apical meristem.

Question 40

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the

A) stem.
B) chlorophyll.
C) leaf.
D) bark.
E) stomata.

Question 41

In the figure,which represents data from the "ant plant" experiments in Investigating Life 22.5,what was the dependent variable?

A) the presence of tramp ants
B) the number of leaflets that were damaged
C) the amount of nectar consumed
D) the amount of fruit produced
E) the presence of other ants

Question 42

On a hot,sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

A) stomata
B) phloem and stomata
C) cuticle and phloem
D) cuticle
E) cuticle and stomata

Question 43

How did the researchers in Investigating Life 22.5 conduct their experiment studying "ant plants?"

A) They used drops of glue to exclude tramp ants from some leaves.
B) They sprayed some leaves with insecticide.
C) They removed the nectar from some leaves.
D) They picked other insects off of some leaves.
E) They picked the tramp ants off of some leaves.

Question 44

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.The resulting sucrose is released into the vessels that transport water.Which of the following would a person tap to collect sap from a maple tree?

A) collenchyma tissue
B) roots
C) xylem
D) parenchymal tissue
E) phloem

Question 45

What was the researcher's conclusion in the "ant plant" studies?

A) Tramp ants that occupy domatia, protect the trees from herbivores.
B) Nectar attracts herbivores and prevents them from eating the leaves.
C) Any ants that occupy domatia, protect the trees from herbivores.
D) Herbivores are more likely to eat the leaves of plants with domatia.
E) Tramp ants eat the leaves of plants with domatia.

Question 46

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following tissues would contain the starch over the winter?

A) parenchymal tissue
B) xylem
C) roots
D) collenchyma tissue
E) phloem

Question 47

Regarding Investigating Life 22.5,why might these trees only secrete nectar on young leaves rather than larger,more mature leaves?

A) These leaves have more cellulose, because being newer, this form of carbohydrate is a better sugar for the nectar.
B) These leaves are near the lateral meristem, where secondary growth will help strengthen branches against the ants in domatia.
C) These leaves have internodes and more leaflets to distribute any adverse effects from the ants living in domatia.
D) These leaves are near the apical meristem, attracting ants to the entire length of the branches.
E) These leaves perform more photosynthesis, being newer, and therefore make the most nectar.

Question 48

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

A) intercalary meristem
B) apical meristem
C) node
D) lateral meristem
E) leaf

Question 49

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

A) Grasses have taproots.
B) Monocots do not have vascular bundles.
C) The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark.
D) Eudicots do not have vascular bundles.
E) The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.

Question 50

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

A) equal amounts of dermal and ground tissue
B) ground tissue
C) vascular tissue
D) dermal tissue
E) equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

Question 51

Regarding Investigating Life 22.5,how would the young leaves obtain the sugary nectar that the ants eat?

A) from the ants
B) from their fruits
C) through their roots
D) by respiration
E) by photosynthesis

Question 52

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A) Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree.
B) The xylem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
C) The phloem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
D) The phloem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.
E) The xylem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

Question 53

In their studies of "ant plants," the scientists in Investigating Life 22.5 were testing what hypothesis?

A) The tramp ants promote fruit production in trees with the domatia.
B) Other species of ants were competing with the tramp ants for nectar.
C) The tramp ants were pollinating the trees.
D) Trees in good locations have enough energy to both produce food and feed ants.
E) The tramp ants were parasites eating nectar from the trees.

Question 54

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

A) photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing
B) absorbed from the soil.
C) photosynthesis during the previous summer
D) breakdown of cellulose in the tree
E) photosynthesis that winter

Question 55

A tomato,squash,or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason?

A) They contain seeds from a flowering plant.
B) They protect, provide nutrients for, and help distribute embryonic plants.
C) All of these answer options are correct.
D) They were produced by a flowering plant.
E) They developed from the reproductive structures of the flowers.

Question 56

The ecological relationship between Humboldtia brunonis and Technomyrmex albipes,described in Investigating Life 22.5,is which of the following?

A) predation
B) parasitism
C) competition
D) commensalism
E) mutualism

Question 57

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.The food coloring was taken up through which of the following?

A) dermal tissue
B) xylem
C) stomata
D) phloem
E) ground tissue

Question 58

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the leaf to a stem.If you cut a branch in the summer,the leaves will not fall off in the autumn.What can you conclude from this observation?

A) The sap from the leaf can no longer move down the xylem to the trunk of the tree.
B) Once cut, the branch no longer can sense what season it is in.
C) The leaves are normally killed by substances that come from the trunk of the tree.
D) The leaves must be alive to go through apoptosis.
E) The branch does not need to get rid of leaves if it is cut off.

Question 59

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

A) in the center
B) in the periderm
C) just under the bark
D) in the bark
E) in the roots

Question 60

Tree rings represent growth during wet and dry periods of the year.In a deciduous tree found in the north,which two seasons would contribute to tree rings?

A) winter and spring
B) summer and fall
C) spring and summer
D) spring and fall
E) winter and summer

Question 61

Grasses and other monocots usually have fibrous root systems.

Question 62

Root hairs greatly increase the absorptive surface area of a root.

Question 63

Veins are the vascular bundles inside of a leaf.

Question 64

The epidermis of a plant leaf is usually many layers thick and carries out most of the photosynthesis in a leaf.

Question 65

Herbaceous plants are those that contain little or no woody tissue.

Question 66

If a plant exhibits a pattern of indeterminate growth,it stops growing when it reaches mature size.

Question 67

Vegetative edible plant parts include roots,fruits,stems,and tubers.

Question 68

The vegetative parts of plants are those parts that are reproductive.

Question 69

The three main types of tissue formed by plant cells are ground tissue,dermal tissue,and vascular tissue.

Question 70

In woody plants,the vascular cambium produces xylem and the cork cambium produces phloem.

Question 71

The shoot of a plant is the above ground part of a plant.