Deck 21: Animals

Question 1

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum containing the

A) Flatworms.
B) Sponges.
C) Nematodes.
D) Cnidarians
E) Annelids.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the

A) endoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) pachyderm.
D) protoderm.
E) ectoderm.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nematode?

A) They have a complete digestive tract.
B) They have bilateral symmetry.
C) They are unsegmented.
D) They have a coelom.
E) They exhibit cephalization.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of these animals are mollusks except

A) chitons.
B) terrestrial snails and slugs.
C) squids and octopuses.
D) All of these animals have the soft body form of the mollusks.
E) flatworms.

Question 5

In your biology lab,you use a stereoscopic microscope to observe a living animal that uses only one opening to both take in its food,and also eject its waste products after having eaten and digested the food for metabolism.This body arrangement of the animal is which of the following?

A) incomplete digestive tract
B) gastrovascular cavity
C) complete digestive tract
D) complete digestive tract and a gastrovascular cavity
E) incomplete digestive tract and a gastrovascular cavity

Question 6

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum containing the

A) Sponges.
B) Nematodes.
C) Cnidarians.
D) Annelids.
E) Flatworms.

Question 7

An accurate contrast between radial and bilateral symmetry among animals is that

A) mirrored arrangement of body components is common with radial symmetry, but not found at all in bilateral symmetry.
B) body components are arranged around a central axis in radial symmetry, but are arranged with a distinct left and right in bilateral symmetry.
C) radial symmetry only occurs in round organisms like the sponges, while bilateral symmetry is common to all of the more complex animals.
D) animals with radial symmetry demonstrate cephalization, while those with bilateral symmetry do not.
E) radial symmetry is characterized by the animal having a coelom, while bilateral symmetry has no coelom in the animal body.

Question 8

Pinworms and hookworms belong to the phylum containing the

A) Flatworms.
B) Cnidarians.
C) Sponges.
D) Nematodes.
E) Annelids.

Question 9

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

A) earthworm
B) sea star
C) insect
D) snail
E) roundworm

Question 10

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

A) deuterostome.
B) blastula.
C) gastrula.
D) protostome.
E) coelom.

Question 11

In animals,a sphere of embryonic cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity is called a

A) coelom.
B) gastrovascular cavity.
C) hydrostatic skeleton.
D) blastula.
E) gastrula.

Question 12

Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum containing the

A) Nematodes.
B) Flatworms.
C) Sponges.
D) Annelids.
E) Mollusks.

Question 13

Sponges belong to the phylum containing the

A) Nematodes.
B) Flatworms.
C) Cnidarians.
D) Annelids.
E) Sponges.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an annelid?

A) They have a coelom.
B) They are segmented.
C) They have bilateral symmetry.
D) They have organ systems.
E) They have an incomplete digestive tract.

Question 15

Cnidarians all share the ability to do which of the following?

A) live on land
B) secrete enzymes to digest food
C) sting predators and prey
D) fly
E) photosynthesize

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic found among the animals?

A) They have a developmental stage called a blastula.
B) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
C) They are heterotrophs.
D) They secrete and bind to a substance called the extracellular matrix.
E) They form a dikaryotic cell during development.

Question 17

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract,and organs derived from the digestive tract,is the

A) ectoderm.
B) protoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) pachyderm.
E) endoderm.

Question 18

Cnidarians are

A) Both land dwelling animals and aquatic animals are correct.
B) aquatic animals.
C) Both land-dwelling animals and arboreal animals are correct.
D) arboreal animals.
E) land-dwelling animals.

Question 19

A mollusk that has arms connecting directly to the head of the animal is a

A) fluke.
B) chiton.
C) cephalopod.
D) gastropod.
E) bivalve.

Question 20

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the muscles and reproductive system is the

A) endoderm.
B) protoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) pachyderm.
E) ectoderm.

Question 21

A surviving member of the lobe-finned fishes is the

A) ray.
B) lamprey.
C) lungfish.
D) ostracoderm.
E) eel.

Question 22

A sea squirt is an example of a

A) fish.
B) amphibian.
C) mammal.
D) tunicate.
E) lancelet.

Question 23

In biology lab,you are tasked with measuring the temperature of a small lizard,as it is moved from containers with different temperature,light and humidity.The temperature fluctuates with the changes in the environment,so you also observe that the lizard's behaviors change in each container.This is an example of a(an)

A) mesophile.
B) ectotherm.
C) amniote.
D) endotherm.
E) thermophile.

Question 24

Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum containing the

A) Arthropods.
B) Echinoderms.
C) Mollusks.
D) Nematodes.
E) Cnidarians.

Question 25

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum containing the

A) Arthropods.
B) Mollusks.
C) Cnidarians.
D) Annelids.
E) Echinoderms.

Question 26

A description of sharks that does not apply to other fish groups is that

A) they are bony, with ray-finned appendages.
B) they are cartilaginous craniates with jaws.
C) they are cartilaginous craniates without jaws.
D) they are bony with lobe-finned appendages.
E) they have scale-less skin with lateral lines for sensing vibrations.

Question 27

Which adaptations in fishes enabled vertebrates to thrive on land?

A) fins
B) limbs and lungs
C) lungs and fins
D) lungs
E) limbs

Question 28

Which of the following are characteristics of hagfishes?

A) They have a cranium.
B) They have a notocord composed of cartilage.
C) They have vertebrae.
D) They have a cranium and vertebrae.
E) They have a cranium and a notocord composed of cartilage.

Question 29

Amphioxus is an example of a

A) hagfish.
B) amphibian.
C) tunicate.
D) lancelet.
E) reptile.

Question 30

Which of the following are jawless fishes?

A) sharks
B) tuna
C) salmon
D) lampreys
E) skates

Question 31

Which of the following is an amphibian?

A) turtle
B) lizard
C) toad
D) octopus
E) coelacanth

Question 32

The function of vertebrae is to

A) protect the brain and nerve cord.
B) protect the nerve cord and provide attachment points for muscles.
C) provide attachment points for muscles.
D) protect the brain.
E) protect the nerve chord.

Question 33

The bony or cartilaginous cranium in chordates is adaptive because it

A) protects the brain.
B) develops into the postanal tail.
C) allows movement, as a lightweight exoskeleton structure.
D) replaces the notochord in most chordates.
E) forms the vertebrae.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a characteristic of amphibians?

A) They have a three-chambered heart.
B) They are ectothermic.
C) They have a cartilaginous skeleton.
D) They do not have an amnion.
E) They have vertebrae.

Question 35

The most successful phylum in regards to diversity and numbers is

A) Platyhelminthes.
B) Mollusca.
C) Echinodermata.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Nematoda.

Question 36

An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(n)

A) thermophile.
B) endotherm.
C) mesophile.
D) amniote.
E) ectotherm.

Question 37

Which of the following are characteristics of reptiles?

A) They have lungs.
B) They have lungs and a skeleton composed of cartilage.
C) They have a skeleton composed of cartilage.
D) They have lungs and are ectotherms.
E) They are ectotherms.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the echinoderms?

A) They have bilateral symmetry in larvae.
B) They exhibit cephalization.
C) They have spiny skin.
D) They have radial symmetry in adults.
E) They have a complete digestive tract.

Question 39

In a biology lab dissection,you find that an organism,called a lancelet,has a flexible rod of nerve cells,extending along its back to its tail.It is a member of the phylum

A) Echinoderms.
B) Arthropods.
C) Nematodes.
D) Chordates.
E) Cnidarians.

Question 40

The three major body regions of many arthropods are

A) head, gills, and legs.
B) head, thorax, and abdomen.
C) head, gastrovascular cavity, and thorax.
D) head, abdomen, and legs.
E) head, thorax, and legs.

Question 41

Bats,birds,and dragonflies can all fly.Which of the following groups of animals have some members capable of flight?

A) reptiles and mammals
B) amphibians and arthropods
C) reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods
D) mammals and arthropods
E) reptiles, arthropods, and mammals

Question 42

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

A) an amnion
B) hair
C) mammary glands
D) legs
E) lungs

Question 43

In biology lab,you are observing and dissecting flatworms.Their bodies are very thin,even see-through,and their thin body surface allows them to exchange gases of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the underlying cells and tissues.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

A) excretion
B) nervous
C) movement
D) digestive
E) respiratory

Question 44

Neither adult nor larva is segmented.Tunicates go through which type of development?

A) asexual
B) direct
C) hermaphroditic
D) amniotic
E) indirect

Question 45

The most obvious characteristic of annelids is the repeated segments that make up their bodies.They also have a complete digestive system,and a coelom.Which of the following is true of an annelid?

A) They have an open circulatory system.
B) They have cephalization and an open circulatory system.
C) Their gut is separated from their body wall and they have cephalization.
D) They have cephalization.
E) Their gut is separated from their body wall.

Question 46

In the fossil record,there is evidence that feathers were produced by which of the following?

A) birds
B) dinosaurs
C) birds and some dinosaurs
D) mammals
E) birds and some mammals

Question 47

The primary function of external gills in aquatic animals is to

A) transport blood.
B) secrete reproductive hormones.
C) relay nerve impulses.
D) exchange gases with the water.
E) defend against invading microorganisms.

Question 48

Figuer:
The forelimbs of Tiktaalik have bones,but are fringed with fins instead of toes (see figure).Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A) This is a common ancestor to all of the modern amphibian species that have fins on their forelimb.
B) This is a transitional fossil, and the species has not yet lost its fins.
C) This species was an evolutionary dead end, which is why no modern species have both bones and fins on their forelimbs.
D) This is a common ancestor to all of the modern fish species that have bones in their forelimbs.
E) This is a transitional fossil, and the species has not yet lost its arm bones.

Question 49

Tunicates have which of the following traits?

A) incomplete digestive tract
B) radial symmetry
C) endothermic
D) cephalization
E) asymmetry

Question 50

According to the fossil record,which of the following were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

A) amphibians
B) fish
C) reptiles
D) birds
E) mammals

Question 51

Mammals that lay eggs are

A) monotremes.
B) bats.
C) placentals.
D) birds.
E) marsupials.

Question 52

Even semi-aquatic reptiles like crocodiles and alligators can spend much of their life on dry land.Which of the following is an example of an adaptation that would allow reptiles to live and reproduce on dry land?

A) amniotic eggs
B) external fertilization and amniotic eggs
C) internal fertilization and amniotic eggs
D) internal fertilization
E) external fertilization

Question 53

Frogs have which of the following traits?

A) cartilaginous skeleton
B) larval respiration with gills, but adult respiration with lungs
C) jawless
D) incomplete digestive tract
E) endothermic

Question 54

The octopus and squid are cephalopods and are members of which group?

A) mollusks
B) cnidarians
C) amphibians
D) arthropods
E) echinoderms

Question 55

Frogs are in which group?

A) amphibians
B) mammals
C) fishes
D) lancelets
E) reptiles

Question 56

A tunicate is in which group?

A) Nematodes
B) Chordates
C) Mollusks
D) Annelids
E) Echinoderms

Question 57

Which of the following is not a characteristic of mammals?

A) They are endothermic.
B) They have a skeletal system composed of bone.
C) They have a two-chambered heart.
D) They have an amnion.
E) They have lungs.

Question 58

Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode that scientists have shown grows from a single cell into about 1000 cells,of which the same 80 cells die during development through apoptosis.Studying this process in Caenorhabditis elegans has helped scientists identify the genes that regulate similar processes in humans.Which of the following statements is supported by this observation?

A) Caenorhabditis elegans have all of the same genes as humans.
B) Caenorhabditis elegans give live birth like humans.
C) Caenorhabditis elegans infections in humans trigger apoptosis.
D) Caenorhabditis elegans and humans have a common ancestor.
E) Caenorhabditis elegans has the same organs that are present in humans.

Question 59

Earthworms have multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels.They also ingest soil,digest the organic matter,and eliminate the indigestible particles as castings.Earthworms have which of the following?

A) a complete digestive tract and open circulatory system
B) a complete digestive tract and closed circulatory system
C) an incomplete digestive tract and closed circulatory system
D) an incomplete digestive tract and open circulatory system

Question 60

Which of the following is not an example of a mammal?

A) dolphin
B) whale
C) platypus
D) penguin
E) kangaroo

Question 61

What is the importance of development genes among sponges and eumetazoans?

A) Development genes have no effect on sponges, but control the growth rates of eumetazoans.
B) Development genes are types of biomarkers that develop distinctly with each animal clade.
C) Development genes code for regulation of the body form changes in animals.
D) None of these answer options are correct.
E) Development genes code for proteins that speed up mutation rates in DNA of eumetazoans.

Question 62

Some animals are autotrophs.

Question 63

The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at the head end of an animal is called cephalization.

Question 64

An internal membrane in chordates that protects the developing fetus is the notochord.

Question 65

Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 MYA,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage would Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

A) It could crawl on shore and feed on birds and reptiles that were on land.
B) It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its gills.
C) It could crawl out of the water and walk over to new shallow streams.
D) It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its lungs.
E) It could swim better than fish.

Question 66

Mammals that lay eggs are marsupials.

Question 67

An animal with an indirect development undergoes a metamorphosis in which larvae do not resemble the adult.

Question 68

Presence of vertebrae is a shared characteristic among all chordates.

Question 69

Figuer:
Main animal groups are noted at the right. Names diverging at each node are morphological or body form names. Note that the animal traits key to distinguishing the groups and body forms are not shown.
If an animal researcher reproduces this evolutionary tree,but rotates the body forms and animal groups,showing the Deuterostomes beneath the Protostomes,the interpretation of common ancestry and divergence among the body forms and animal groups will completely change.

Question 70

Centipedes,earthworms,and roundworms all illustrate segmentation.

Question 71

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

Question 72

What key research question was addressed by King and others in studying sponges?

A) Were the sponges the last common ancestor of eumetazoans?
B) Did sponges survive the precambrian mass extinction, with genes unique from other animal groups?
C) How similar is the DNA of living marine sponges to that of fossil sponges from the Cambrian?
D) Could the Cambrian explosion of diversity of life have been mirrored by rapid evolution among sponges?
E) Why were the sponges an evolutionary dead end, with little change and diversity since the Cambrian?

Question 73

Flatworms have bilateral symmetry.

Question 74

Birds are endothermic,feathered reptiles.

Question 75

Sponges are

A) plants.
B) prokaryotic bacteria.
C) the most complex protists.
D) the simplest animals.
E) not alive.

Question 76

Arthropods have jointed legs.

Question 77

Which of the following were the first vertebrates to live and reproduce in dry environments?

A) mammals
B) birds
C) fish
D) reptiles
E) amphibians

Question 78

Mollusks that have two-part hinged shells are called bivalves.

Question 79

Although animals as complicated as the sponges exist in the fossil record before 530 MYA,the common phyla we can observe in living animals now appear in the fossil record only abruptly in a short span of 25 million years.When researchers analyzed the DNA evidence that might relate sponges to the modern phyla,what unexpected result did they find?

A) The entire genome of sponges was found to be very different in gene diversity from the genomes of other phyla.
B) Samples of the living sponge, Oscarella carmela, were found to be relatively unchanged from fossil sponge DNA samples.
C) DNA evidence indicated clearly that a sponge like Oscarella carmela was the common ancestor of eumetazoans.
D) All of these answer options are correct in expressing unexpected results from the research.
E) Many development genes thought to be specific to eumetazoans were found in sponges.

Question 80

The observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests which of the following?

A) It could absorb oxygen from both the air and water.
B) It could absorb oxygen from the air.
C) It could absorb food from the water.
D) It could absorb oxygen from the water.
E) It could absorb both food and oxygen from the water.