Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

The "P" in P generation refers to

A) potential offspring.
B) parental.
C) pure breeding.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) the recessive allele.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In humans,alleles for each gene are inherited from

A) males only (dads).
B) females only (moms).
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) males and females (one allele from each parent).
E) males and females (two alleles from each parent).

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All gametes contain

A) two identical sets of chromosomes.
B) two chromosomes.
C) one set of chromosomes.
D) two different sets of chromosomes.
E) one chromosome.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If you,like Mendel,grow plants in the lab,and cross short (tt)pea plants with short pea plants,the offspring will be

A) None of the answer choices are correct.
B) all tall.
C) a mix of tall and short.
D) nonexistent.
E) all short.

Question 5

Gametes may carry different combinations of alleles because of

A) random fertilization and crossing over.
B) random fertilization.
C) random fertilization and alignment of chromosomes.
D) crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes.
E) random alignment of chromosomes.

Question 6

Of all the people who have studied inheritance,the person who made the earliest foundational study in the science of genetics is

A) Charles Darwin.
B) Gregor Mendel.
C) Robert Hooke.
D) Frederick Griffith.
E) King George III.

Question 7

Mendel observed that some genetic traits seemed to mask others in the pea plants,and used the term ___ to describe these traits.

A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) recessive
D) dominant
E) homologous

Question 8

Figuer:
Examine this image of chromosomes and identify the structural components.
A portion (location)of DNA that encodes a specific protein is a

A) chromatid.
B) chromosome.
C) centromere.
D) kinetochore.
E) gene.

Question 9

Mendel kept detailed records of the genetic traits of parent plants and their offspring plants.Among observations,he found that some traits would be expressed,whenever one particular allele was present,and called this allele

A) homologous.
B) heterozygous.
C) homozygous.
D) dominant.
E) recessive.

Question 10

If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is

A) recessive.
B) homozygous.
C) homologous.
D) heterozygous.
E) dominant.

Question 11

If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait,

A) one parent contributed two copies of the same allele for that trait.
B) each parent contributed a different allele for that trait.
C) each parent contributed the same allele for that trait.
D) one parent contributed two different alleles for that trait.

Question 12

Alternate forms (the DNA sequences indicated by alphabetic abbreviations)of the same gene are called

A) centromeres.
B) chromosomes.
C) chromatids.
D) alleles.
E) traits.

Question 13

Phenotype means

A) the number of chromosomes in an individual.
B) the genes an individual has.
C) the combination of alleles in an individual.
D) the observable expression of the genes in an individual.
E) the number of gametes in an individual.

Question 14

A physician reports to you the lab results in identifying your genetic condition relating to your skin health."DNA fingerprint" information indicates that you have two different versions of the allele for a particular skin protein,and this is called

A) heterozygous.
B) dominant.
C) recessive.
D) homozygous.
E) homologous.

Question 15

In the study of genetics,the offspring of the parental generation is referred to as the

A) F₁ generation.
B) F₂ generation.
C) homologous generation.
D) wild-type generation.
E) P generation.

Question 16

The most common phenotype or allele for a gene in a population is referred to as the

A) dominant population.
B) F₁ generation.
C) recessive population.
D) P generation.
E) wild-type.

Question 17

Genotype means

A) the number of chromosomes in an individual.
B) the observable expression of the genes in an individual.
C) the genes an individual has.
D) the number of gametes in an individual.
E) the combination of alleles in an individual.

Question 18

This figure shows one reason among others why pea plants (Pisum sativum)are a good species for genetics studies.In reference to information given in the text,pea plants are good for genetics studies because

A) they have many distinctly identifiable forms of genetic traits.
B) growth of pea plants is simple and easy.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) they can be self-fertilized for true-breeding genetic traits.
E) they produce large numbers of offspring (the peas).

Question 19

A healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis; the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is

A) More information is needed about the couple's parents and grandparents to determine probability.
B) 25%.
C) 0%, because cystic fibrosis is not an inherited illness.
D) 50%.
E) 100%, because both parents are identified as carriers of cystic fibrosis.

Question 20

When Mendel crossed tall (Tt)plants with tall plants of the same genotype,the offspring

A) were always a mix of short and tall.
B) were always short.
C) did not grow and reproduce, because they were separate species.
D) were always tall.
E) were a variable mix of tall and short.

Question 21

If any of the traits that Mendel worked with had been due to linked genes,his dihybrid crosses would have

A) had different results.
B) exhibited a typical phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
C) produced more offspring.
D) produced sterile offspring.
E) produced less offspring.

Question 22

In biology lab,your class counts the number of people with different colors of hair and eyes.Your instructor says that these traits are variable and difficult to trace in each family.The reason is that these two traits depend on more than one gene,and are called

A) codominant.
B) incomplete dominant traits.
C) pleiotropic.
D) recessive.
E) polygenic.

Question 23

Crossing over is more likely to separate genes on a chromatid if they are

A) close together.
B) mutated genes.
C) far apart.
D) recessive genes.
E) dominant genes.

Question 24

In the ABO blood type system the alleles I^A,I^B,and i produce

A) two phenotypes.
B) one phenotype.
C) four phenotypes.
D) type A and type B blood types only.
E) three phenotypes.

Question 25

The fact that during gamete formation,the segregation of alleles for a gene on one chromosome does not influence the segregation of alleles for a gene on another chromosome is Mendel's law of

A) random fertilization.
B) population dynamics.
C) crossing over.
D) independent assortment.
E) segregation.

Question 26

If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two different homozygotes,this is called

A) epistasis.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) independent assortment.
D) polygenic.
E) codominance.

Question 27

A monohybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are both

A) None of the answer choices are correct.
B) homozygous for one gene.
C) heterozygous for two genes.
D) heterozygous for one gene.
E) homozygous for two genes.

Question 28

Your biology instructor has assigned you a lab exercise to test a hypothesis regarding the inheritance of stem length in pea plants.If your assignment is specifically to conduct a monohybrid cross for stem length from available genotypes growing in the lab,which of the following crosses should be performed?

A) Tt with tt
B) Tt with tt
C) Tt with TT
D) Tt with Tt
E) TT with TT

Question 29

A testcross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that

A) is homozygous dominant.
B) has a known genotype.
C) is homozygous recessive.
D) is a wild-type.
E) is heterozygous.

Question 30

Diagrams of gene order and spacing on chromosomes are

A) metabolic maps.
B) karyotypes.
C) linkage maps.
D) genotypes.
E) phenotypes.

Question 31

A gene that produces a protein that is important in more than one biochemical pathway,or other trait,is a ___ gene.

A) recessive
B) dominant
C) pleiotropic
D) codominant
E) incomplete dominant

Question 32

Mendel's monohybrid cross of Tt parents resulted in a tall to short ratio of

A) 2:1.
B) 1:3.
C) 1:1.
D) 3:1.
E) 1:2.

Question 33

A dihybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are each ______________ for ___________ gene (genes).

A) heterozygous; two
B) homologous; two
C) homozygous; one
D) homozygous; two
E) heterozygous; one

Question 34

The fact that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes because they move apart from each other during gamete formation is Mendel's law of

A) independent assortment.
B) segregation.
C) crossing over.
D) population dynamics.
E) random fertilization.

Question 35

Linked genes,by definition,are genes that

A) have no alleles.
B) have more alleles than usual.
C) are alleles that are found in different daughter cells.
D) are found on the same chromosome.
E) are found in the same species.

Question 36

Apart from natural variation in a species,due to alternate alleles,abnormality (or disease)disorders are also of interest.Inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders requires ___ to pass on the allele,while inheritance of autosomal recessive disorders requires ___ to pass on the allele for it to be expressed in the offspring.

A) only the father; only the mother
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) only the mother's X chromosome; only the father's Y chromosome
D) either the mother or the father; both the mother and the father
E) the parent who has the disorder; the parent who is a carrier for the disorder

Question 37

Recombinant chromatids have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to

A) independent assortment.
B) crossing over having happened between the linked genes.
C) persistent linkage of genes on the chromatid.
D) random fertilization of the gametes.
E) point mutations and gene aberrations from replication.

Question 38

In the biology lab,you observed that your lab partner's blood type is AB.The placement of the A and B molecules on each cell is controlled by proteins,coded by different versions of the same gene.Having both is an example of

A) independent assortment.
B) recessive inheritance.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) codominant inheritance.
E) dominant inheritance.

Question 39

A dihybrid cross of linked genes theoretically gives a phenotypic ratio of

A) 1:1.
B) 3:1.
C) 2:1.
D) 1:1:1:1.
E) 9:3:3:1.

Question 40

In a testcross,if all the offspring show the dominant phenotype,then the individual with the unknown genotype was

A) heterozygous recessive.
B) homozygous recessive.
C) heterozygous.
D) a clone of the other testcross individual.
E) homozygous dominant.

Question 41

In pedigree charts,autosomal recessive disorders typically

A) seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation.
B) appear only in females.
C) appear only in males.
D) occur every third generation.
E) appear in every generation.

Question 42

Genetic counselors are more commonly available for diagnosing some diseases,and for helping in family planning.If a genetic counselor examines a pedigree chart and notices an occurrence of a disease in every generation,she has strong evidence that the disease is caused by

A) a new reoccurring mutation.
B) an autosomal recessive disorder.
C) an autosomal dominant disorder.
D) a chromosomal abnormality.
E) having an extra set of chromosomes.

Question 43

The chromosome that plays the largest role in human sex determination is

A) the group of autosomes known as the SRY group.
B) the Y chromosome.
C) the X chromosome.
D) chromosome number 21.
E) chromosome number 22.

Question 44

Diagrams depicting family relationships and phenotypes for a genetic disorder are

A) bell-shaped curves.
B) linkage maps.
C) karyotypes.
D) pedigree charts.
E) Punnett squares.

Question 45

Having the alleles Tt is

A) a loci.
B) linkage.
C) a genotype.
D) a phenotype.
E) a gene.

Question 46

If a person has a recessive allele for a disorder and that allele is masked by presence of a normal dominant allele,this person

A) is termed a carrier.
B) has the disease but cannot pass this disease to their offspring.
C) is homozygous for the disease.
D) is termed a linkage group.
E) cannot produce gametes.

Question 47

In humans,the condition of male pattern baldness is an example of a(n)

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) allele.
D) locus.
E) gene.

Question 48

If you conduct a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous Yy pea plants,what percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous?

A) 100%
B) 0%
C) 25%
D) 75%
E) 50%

Question 49

Females who are carriers for hemophilia

A) theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their daughters.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their offspring.
D) usually do not show any symptoms of hemophilia.
E) theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their sons.

Question 50

A male expresses

A) only the dominant alleles on his X chromosome.
B) none of the alleles on his X chromosome.
C) only the homozygous recessive alleles on his X chromosome.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.
E) both the dominant and recessive alleles on his X chromosome.

Question 51

A Barr Body is a(n)

A) inactive Y chromosome.
B) inactive autosome.
C) active X chromosome.
D) active Y chromosome.
E) inactive X chromosome.

Question 52

Hemophilia A is a(n)

A) X-linked dominant disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein.
B) X-linked dominant disorder.
C) X-linked recessive disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein.
D) defective blood clotting protein.
E) X-linked recessive disorder.

Question 53

In pedigree charts,autosomal dominant disorders typically

A) appear only in females.
B) seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation.
C) occur every third generation.
D) appear in every generation.
E) appear only in males.

Question 54

A single chromosome has

A) a single gene with multiple alleles.
B) a single gene with a single allele.
C) multiple genes, each with multiple alleles.
D) multiple genes, each with a single allele.

Question 55

If you cross RrYy and RRyy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will have yellow peas? R = round,r = wrinkled,Y = yellow,y = green.

A) 0%
B) 100%
C) 25%
D) 75%
E) 50%

Question 56

If you cross two pea plants,one with green peas and the other with yellow peas,you find all of the offspring have yellow peas.You conclude the yellow parent was

A) heterozygous.
B) homozygous for the recessive gene.
C) homozygous for the dominant gene.
D) homozygous for the dominant allele.
E) homozygous for the recessive allele.

Question 57

If you cross two pea plants,one with green peas and the other with yellow peas,you find all of the offspring have yellow peas.You conclude

A) yellow is incompletely dominant over green.
B) yellow is dominant over green.
C) yellow and green are co-dominant.
D) color is random in pea plants.
E) green is dominant over yellow.

Question 58

At a given position,homologous chromosomes have

A) the same genes but can have different alleles.
B) the same genes and alleles.
C) different genes and alleles.
D) different genes, but can have the same alleles.

Question 59

In pea plants,Y confers yellow peas,and y confers green peas.If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will be yellow?

A) 75%
B) 25%
C) 100%
D) 0%
E) 50%

Question 60

If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy),which gametes could it produce?

A) Yy
B) y only
C) YYyy
D) Y only
E) Y or y

Question 61

The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by

A) artificial selection.
B) skin color is a polygenic trait.
C) crossing over.
D) genetic drift.
E) environmental changes like improvements in diet.

Question 62

Figuer:
In these data, the parental generation characteristics (resistant or susceptible) are shown at top.
In this figure,the genotype of the resistant parental bollworms is ___ while the susceptible parental bollworms have a ___ genotype.

A) rr; RR
B) Rr; rr
C) RR; rr
D) RR; Rr
E) Rr; RR

Question 63

Average heights of American men and women have increased steadily since the 1940s.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A) genetic drift
B) environmental changes like improvements in diet
C) artificial selection
D) Height is a polygenic trait.
E) crossing over

Question 64

Which gametes can a RrYy plant produce?

A) RY, Ry, rY, or ry
B) Rr or Yy
C) RY or ry
D) R or r
E) RrYy

Question 65

You are studying genes in yeast and find that the genes can be placed into four groups that tend to be inherited together.From this you can conclude that yeast

A) produce four cells during meiosis.
B) have four loci.
C) have four genes.
D) have four chromosomes.
E) have four alleles.

Question 66

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder.If a normal man marries a woman who is a carrier,what fraction of their daughters will have hemophilia?

A) 50%
B) 0%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) 25%

Question 67

When a farmer grows cotton containing the gene for Bt toxin,insects that are resistant (rr)survive and reproduce.These insects were resistant because

A) the insects were able to produce gametes that were resistant to the insecticide.
B) they inherited the alleles that made them resistant.
C) the insecticide caused mutations to generate resistant alleles.
D) the insects wanted to survive the insecticide and mutated their DNA.
E) by random chance some insects did not die from the insecticide.

Question 68

In order for a girl to inherit hemophilia A,her parents would have which genotypes?

A) X^HX^h, and X^HY
B) X^HX^h, and X^hY
C) X^hX^h, and X^Hy
D) X^HX^H, and X^HY
E) X^HX^H, and X^Hy

Question 69

Bollworms raised for decades in a lab without exposure to Bt were ___ while those fed Bt were ___

A) RR; Rr.
B) RR; rr.
C) Rr; RR.
D) Rr; rr.
E) rr; RR.

Question 70

If you cross RrYy and RRyy pea plants,what percentage of the offspring will have round yellow peas? R = round,r = wrinkled,Y = yellow,y = green.

A) 25%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 100%
E) 0%

Question 71

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder.If a normal man marries a woman who is a carrier,what fraction of their sons will have hemophilia?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 100%
D) 25%
E) 0%

Question 72

The F₂ generation (the larvae measured in comparison)is shown in the graphs at the bottom of this figure.The cluster of bollworms at lower larva weights would have which genotype?

A) rr
B) RR
C) Rr or rr
D) Rr or RR
E) Rr

Question 73

When a farmer grows cotton containing the gene for Bt toxin,they often leave a strip of non-Bt cotton around the outside of the field for what reason?

A) because the non-Bt cotton grows better
B) because the non-Bt cotton does not drive the moths and caterpillars to extinction
C) to allow the non-Bt and Bt cotton plants to cross pollinate
D) to allow some rr bollworm caterpillars to survive
E) to allow some RR bollworm caterpillars to survive and limit selection pressure for resistance

Question 74

A man with type A blood and a woman with type B blood have a child with type O blood.What are the genotypes of the man and woman?

A) I^A I^A, and I^B I^B
B) I^A i , and I^B i
C) i i, and I^B i
D) I^A i, and i i
E) Both are i i

Question 75

When a farmer grows cotton containing the gene for Bt toxin,insects that are resistant (rr)survive and reproduce.This is an example of

A) genetic drift.
B) dominance.
C) natural selection.
D) independent assortment.
E) recombination.

Question 76

In Huntington disease,a child will typically only get the disease if one parent also has it.It is as common in boys as in girls.This disease is

A) pleiotropic.
B) autosomal dominant.
C) autosomal recessive.
D) X-linked dominant.
E) X-linked recessive.

Question 77

Figuer:
In these data, the parental generation characteristics (resistant or susceptible) are shown at top.
In this figure,the F₁ generation shows mating of resistant bollworms (___)with susceptible heterozygous (____)bollworms.

A) Rr; RR
B) RR; rr
C) rr; Rr
D) Rr; rr
E) rr; RR

Question 78

In an inherited form of high cholesterol,rr individuals have a blood cholesterol level greater than 500 mg/dL,Rr individuals are near 300 mg/dL,while normal (RR)cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dL.The R allele is ___ to the r allele.

A) incompletely dominant
B) recessive
C) dominant
D) homozygous
E) codominant

Question 79

In cystic fibrosis,two unaffected carriers can have a child with the disease.It is as common in boys as in girls.This disease is

A) autosomal recessive.
B) pleiotropic.
C) autosomal dominant.
D) X-linked dominant.
E) X-linked recessive.

Question 80

You mate two pea plants that are both AaBb and get a 3:1 phenotype ratio.This suggests

A) independent assortment occurred.
B) crossing over occurred.
C) genes A and B are linked on the same chromosome.
D) nondisjunction occurred.
E) genes A and B are on different chromosomes.