Deck 3: How Cells Take in and Use Energy

Question 1

The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

A)combine with carbon atoms to form carbon dioxide.
B)allow glycolysis to continue.
C)act as the final electron acceptor.
D)aid in the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria.
E)supply an energy molecule.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The active site of an enzyme

A)binds the reactants of a chemical reaction.
B)does not change shape during the reaction.
C)is necessary for regulation of the enzyme activity.
D)can bind many different reactants.
E)only acts when it is unoccupied.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Almost all enzymes are

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.
E)amino acids.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions

A)can take place day or night.
B)produce ADP and carbon dioxide.
C)are uncoupled from the light-independent reactions.
D)lead to carbon fixation.
E)produce ATP and energy stored in electron carriers.

Question 5

Hummingbirds' small size allows them to hover while extracting nectar from various flowers. This same small size requires large amounts of calories to maintain body temperature because

A)the breeze from their flapping wings constantly cools them off.
B)hummingbirds only eat at night.
C)they have a large body mass relative to their surface area.
D)hovering requires less energy than forward flight.
E)they have a large surface area relative to their body mass.

Question 6

As one form of energy is converted into another, there is always some energy lost as

A)chemical energy.
B)activation energy.
C)heat.
D)kinetic energy.
E)light.

Question 7

The most common energy-carrying molecule in the cell is

A)AMP.
B)ADP.
C)ATP.
D)adenine.
E)DNA.

Question 8

Which of the following does not take place during the first of the two phases of photosynthesis?

A)Light energy is absorbed by electrons in the chlorophyll.
B)Water is split.
C)ATP and electron carriers are formed.
D)Carbon dioxide is fixed.
E)Oxygen is released.

Question 9

The majority of ATP produced in cellular respiration is produced during

A)glycolysis.
B)the Krebs cycle.
C)the electron transport chain.
D)fermentation.
E)anaerobic processes.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?

A)ATP
B)carbon dioxide
C)oxygen
D)water
E)all are products

Question 11

Hummingbirds break down glucose and other food molecules during cellular respiration. The carbon atoms in these organic molecules are released as ____________during the _____________.

A)glucose, Krebs cycle
B)methane, Krebs cycle
C)carbon dioxide, electron transport chain.
D)carbon dioxide, Krebs cycle
E)carbon dioxide, glycolysis

Question 12

Which color of light has the least important role in photosynthesis?

A)red
B)green
C)blue
D)orange
E)yellow

Question 13

The main purpose of fermentation reactions is to

A)produce ATP.
B)regenerate the electron carriers needed for glycolysis.
C)produce the building blocks for biological molecules.
D)prepare the pyruvate for the Krebs cycle.
E)provide various products useful for man.

Question 14

A stone is pushed from the top of a hill. Halfway to the bottom of the hill, this rolling stone

A)has potential energy only.
B)has both potential energy and kinetic energy.
C)is using up chemical energy.
D)is constantly gaining more energy.
E)has kinetic energy only.

Question 15

Substances that start chemical reactions are called

A)substrata.
B)starters.
C)promoters.
D)reactants.
E)products.

Question 16

The chemical reactions associated with metabolism

A)are energy absorbing.
B)convert energy with 100% efficiency.
C)are energy absorbing and energy releasing.
D)are energy releasing.
E)do not give off heat.

Question 17

All enzymes act by

A)breaking hydrogen bonds between molecules.
B)lowering the activation energy of specific chemical reactions.
C)breaking and forming ionic bonds between ions.
D)allowing products to be changed during the chemical reactions.
E)raising the activation energy of specific chemical reactions.

Question 18

In a cell,

A)energy-releasing reactions are coupled to energy-absorbing reactions.
B)there are many more energy-absorbing reactions than energy-releasing reactions.
C)energy-absorbing reactions and energy-releasing reactions are unlinked.
D)energy-absorbing reactions are coupled to energy-releasing reactions via electron carriers.
E)more energy is used up than is produced.

Question 19

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and lactic acid during fermentation because organisms

A)need to recycle the electron carrier molecules needed for glycolysis.
B)produce ATP when pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactic acid.
C)produce glucose when pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactic acid.
D)produce oxygen when pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactic acid.
E)produce water when pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactic acid.

Question 20

What process occurs in both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways?

A)glycolysis
B)Krebs cycle
C)electron transport chain
D)fermentation
E)anaerobic processes

Question 21

Some people take creatine as a bodybuilding supplement. Describe the action of creatine in cells and why physicians do not recommend this supplement.

Question 22

Match the following parts of cellular respiration with the appropriate description.

Question 23

Match the following examples with the correct process.

Question 24

How does an enzyme lower the energy of activation needed for a chemical reaction?

Question 25

Regulation of metabolism uses feedback inhibition. Describe how this type of mechanism regulates the production of ATP.

Question 26

Describe the three energy systems found in humans.

Question 27

Human activities are responsible for an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Many feel that the buildup of this gas is at least partly responsible for the greenhouse effect and global warming. Increased carbon dioxide may actually be a benefit to some plants since they need carbon dioxide for carbon-fixation. How will the greenhouse effect influence the biosphere? Even though experiments have shown increased carbon dioxide to be a boon for test plants, some scientists are still concerned about this phenomenon. Why?

Question 28

Match the following examples with the correct descriptive term.

Question 29

You have to light a fuse before a firecracker will explode. Would you classify this as an energy- releasing or an energy- absorbing reaction? Please explain your answer.

Question 30

Which of the following chemical reactions will provide most of the energy to the hummingbird so it can beat its wings 40 - 80 times a second?

A)ADP $\rarr$ AMP + P
B)ADP + P $\rarr$ ATP
C)ATP $\rarr$ ADP + P
D)ADP + AMP $\rarr$ ATP
E)AMP + P $\rarr$ ADP

Question 31

A hummingbird is "drinking" nectar containing sugar from a red columbine flower. Arrange the following events to occur in the hummingbird in order from the first to last:
(1)Glucose sugar is converted to pyruvate.
(2)Energy from high-energy electrons is released from an electron transport chain. This energy is used to make ATP.
(3)The hummingbird exhales carbon dioxide and energy is stored in electron carriers.
(4)The hummingbird has the ability to beat its wings 40 - 80 times a second.

A)1, 4, 3, 2
B)2, 1, 3, 4
C)1, 2, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4, 1
E)1, 3, 2, 4

Question 32

For the following chemical equation, label the reactants by placing an R beside them.
carbon dioxide__ + water__ + light energy $\rarr$ glucose__ + oxygen__

Question 33

During the Calvin-Benson cycle (carbon-fixing reactions), in the red Columbine plant, high-energy electrons are transferred into a newly made 3-carbon compound. Eventually these electrons will end up as part of glucose molecules. What was the original source of these electrons in photosynthesis?

A)glucose
B)ATP
C)oxygen
D)water
E)carbon dioxide

Question 34

In addition to glucose, can a cell use lipids or proteins for energy?

Question 35

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This additional carbon dioxide is causing a phenomenon called global warming. Which process "put" the carbon into our fossil fuels? Explain the process.

Question 36

Recall that your
a.ATP is compared to a few coins in your pocket.
b.Creatine phosphate is compared to a handful of dollars.
c.The glycolytic system is like an account in the bank.
d.The oxidative energy system is compared to stocks and bonds.
In your own words explain why each is a valid comparison.
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Question 37

There is a certain amount of energy associated with the gasoline in your car. You know that you can only travel a certain distance before the gas is depleted. However, if energy cannot be destroyed, what happens to the energy that was stored in the gas after it turns the car's wheels?

Question 38

Why do you have to use an oven to transform batter into a cake?

Question 39

High temperatures can alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein. This process is called denaturing. How might this affect the activity of an enzyme?

Question 40

A substrate

A)fits into the active site of a specific enzyme.
B)fits into the active site of another specific substrate.
C)catalyzes a chemical reaction.
D)is always a protein.
E)lowers the energy of activation in a chemical reaction.

Question 41

Using an ecosystem with which you are familiar (deciduous forest, grassland, desert, freshwater pond, etc.)draw a diagram of a food chain, using at least four organisms at different levels. Indicate in your diagram the ultimate source of energy. As much as possible, account for all of the energy as it moves through the chain.

Question 42

People adopt a vegetarian diet for a variety of reasons. Justify such a diet using the laws of energy and the idea of efficient energy usage.

Question 43

When you draw back a bow and shoot an arrow, the arrow exhibits kinetic energy as it moves through the air. As you know, energy cannot be created or destroyed. Thus, trace the origin of the kinetic energy of the arrow as far back as you can.

Question 44

Explain why chloroplasts and mitochondria both have a sac-within-a-sac structure.

Question 45

Explain why a lack of oxygen in our cells causes less energy to be available to do cellular work.

Question 46

Using your knowledge of the Laws of Energy Conversions, explain why recent energy crises are really a problem of energy in the correct form to do work (electrical, chemical, etc.)as opposed to an actual energy shortage.