Deck 16: Endocrine System

Question 1

Peptide hormones

A) are able to pass through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm.
B) bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane.
C) act much more slowly than steroid hormones.
D) initiate gene expression.
E) are composed of a complex of four carbon rings.

Answer 1

bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane.

Question 2

Although other animals produce pheromones,humans have not been shown to make them.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature of an endocrine gland?

A) secretes a hormone directly into the bloodstream
B) secretes a hormone into a gland or duct
C) the product of these glands is carried into the lumen of an organ
D) characterized by the salivary glands
E) they do not respond to a negative feedback system

Answer 3

secretes a hormone directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

Damage to or a tumor on which organ would lead to a disruption of the nervous and endocrine system?

A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary
C) lymph nodes
D) frontal lobe of the brain
E) pineal gland

Question 5

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A) duodenum
B) pituitary
C) adrenal
D) pineal
E) thymus

Question 6

Which of the following statements about hormones is not true?

A) Hormones are secreted by axons.
B) Hormones are carried by the bloodstream.
C) It takes time to deliver hormones to the cells.
D) The effects of hormones are long lasting.
E) Hormones are targeted to specific organs within the body.

Question 7

Some of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary have an effect on other glands.Which of the following does not?

A) LH
B) ACTH
C) growth hormone
D) TSH
E) gonadotropic hormone

Question 8

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hypothalamus?

A) The hypothalamus acts as the link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
B) The hypothalamus regulates the internal environment of the body.
C) The hypothalamus communicates with the somatic nervous system.
D) The hypothalamus controls the glandular secretions of the pituitary gland.
E) The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.

Question 9

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A) because it produces both a neurotransmitter and a hormone
B) because it produces more than one hormone
C) because it produces at least one hormone that is delivered through a duct and one that is delivered to the bloodstream
D) because it has an outer cortex and an inner medulla
E) because it is located within the abdominal cavity with ties to the gastrointestinal system

Question 10

Which of the following is an exocrine gland?

A) parathyroid
B) salivary glands
C) thymus
D) testes
E) adrenal gland

Question 11

How are the nervous system and the endocrine system alike?

A) They both utilize axons and synapses.
B) They both regulate the activities of other systems.
C) They both are largely composed of glands.
D) They both respond very rapidly to stimuli.
E) They both have an very prolonged response to stimuli.

Question 12

The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary communicate via a portal system.

Question 13

Both endocrine and exocrine glands have ducts.

Question 14

List the hormones that are produced by the following endocrine glands,and indicate the target tissue/organ the hormones act upon: hypothalamus,thyroid,thymus,and pineal gland.

Question 15

Which organ does not produce steroid hormones?

A) pineal gland
B) adrenal cortex
C) ovaries
D) testes

Question 16

Steroid hormones are derived from what molecule?

A) cholesterol
B) peptides
C) protein
D) glycoproteins
E) modified amino acids

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

A) prolactin
B) growth hormone
C) thyroid stimulating hormone
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following hormones is mispaired with its target organ?

A) TSH- thyroid
B) FSH- gonads
C) ACTH- adrenal cortex
D) LH- kidney
E) Gonadotropic hormones- testes and ovaries

Question 19

The effects initiated by the endocrine system are longer lasting than those of the nervous system.

Question 20

Which of the following organs also produce hormones as a secondary function of the organ?

A) heart
B) testes
C) ovaries
D) adrenal cortex
E) thyroid

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true about growth hormone?

A) Growth hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary.
B) The quantity of growth hormone is greatest during childhood and adolescence.
C) Too little growth hormone results in dwarfism.
D) Too much growth hormone results in gigantism.
E) Growth hormone can be administered as a medical treatment for stature

Question 22

A person with congenital hypothroidism will exhibit what symptoms?

A) myxedema
B) exophthalmic goiter
C) simple goiter
D) short and stocky, possible mental retardation
E) tetany

Question 23

Parathyroid hormone also activates ________ in the kidneys.

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B
D) cholesterol
E) calcium

Question 24

Which of the following does not act to increase the amount of calcium in the blood?

A) bones
B) calcitonin
C) kidneys
D) intestines
E) parathyroid hormone

Question 25

Which of the following hormones is controlled by positive feedback?

A) prolactin
B) oxytocin
C) growth hormone
D) antidiuretic hormone
E) gonadotropic hormone

Question 26

Which disorder is characterized by the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult?

A) acromegaly
B) diabetes mellitus
C) pituitary dwarfism
D) simple goiter
E) none of these

Question 27

Which of the following is not produced by the adrenal glands?

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) glucagon
D) glucocorticoids
E) mineralocorticoids

Question 28

Which of the following is not involved in blood calcium homeostasis?

A) bones
B) thyroid gland
C) parathyroid glands
D) kidneys
E) posterior pituitary

Question 29

Which disorder is associated with a low level of parathyroid hormone?

A) tetany
B) osteoporosis
C) myxedema
D) exophthalmic goiter
E) simple goiter

Question 30

The hormone produced by the parathryoid gland produces a rise in the blood level of what product?

A) sodium
B) phosphate
C) calcium
D) glucose
E) cholesterol

Question 31

The thyroid gland is located

A) in the neck.
B) in the brain.
C) on top of the kidneys.
D) near the ovaries or testes.
E) near the small intestines.

Question 32

The adrenal medulla controls the short term response to stress by

A) raising blood glucose levels.
B) breaking down protein and fat.
C) reducing inflammation.
D) suppressing immune cells.
E) increasing blood volume.

Question 33

What are the symptoms of myxedema?

A) an eye that protrudes from the eye socket
B) a mass in the throat
C) lethargy, weight gain, puffiness
D) tremors in the hands, shaking, balance difficulties
E) difficulty with speech, blurred vision

Question 34

Both the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex are under control of hormones produced by the anterior pituitary hormone and hypothalamus.

Question 35

Giants usually have poor health because they often have diabetes mellitus.

Question 36

How many iodine atoms are in thyroxine?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 37

The adrenal cortex provides a slower but long-term stress response in comparison to the adrenal medulla.

Question 38

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A) in the brain
B) in the neck
C) on top of the kidneys
D) near the ovaries/testes
E) near the small intestine

Question 39

Explain how the adrenal cortex responds to long term stress.

Question 40

How are the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary similar?

A) Both are controlled by the hypothalamus.
B) Both produce three or more hormones.
C) Both are connected to the hypothalamus via a portal system.
D) Both produce releasing and inhibiting hormones.
E) Both produce hormones that control other glands.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a symptom of Addison disease?

A) low blood pressure
B) bronzing of the skin
C) mild infections that can lead to death
D) loss of sodium and water
E) increased blood sugar levels

Question 42

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is involved in the regulation of both the testes and the ovaries.

Question 43

Is it possible that a type 1 diabetic could be hypoglycemic?

Question 44

Which pancreatic hormone stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) estradiol
D) epinephrine
E) cortisol

Question 45

Most of the diabetics in the United States have type 1 diabetes.

Question 46

When insulin is secreted,what happens?

A) Tissue stores of glucose are depleted.
B) Adipose tissue breaks down fat.
C) The liver breaks down glycogen.
D) The blood glucose level rises.
E) Glucose is taken up by the cells.

Question 47

Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?

A) norepinephrine
B) epinephrine
C) aldosterone
D) cortisol
E) renin

Question 48

Which of the following statement about the pancreas is not true?

A) The pancreatic islets are the exocrine tissue.
B) The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon.
C) The pancreas is located near the small intestine.
D) The pancreas is not under pituitary control.
E) The pancreas is a fish-shaped organ.

Question 49

Glycogen can be broken down to increase blood glucose levels,but fat cannot be.

Question 50

Where is the thymus gland located?

A) in the neck
B) in the brain
C) in the chest
D) near the ovaries/testes
E) on top of the kidneys

Question 51

The secretion of which hormones qualifies the pancreas as an endocrine gland?

A) insulin and glucagon
B) insulin and digestive juices
C) digestive juices and glucagon
D) mineralocorticoids and insulin
E) estradiol and digestive juices

Question 52

Right after eating a candy bar,insulin secretion would occur.

Question 53

It is possible to distinguish exocrine from endocrine tissue in the pancreas under the light microscope.

Question 54

Which of the following is not involved in blood glucose homeostasis?

A) liver
B) muscle
C) adipose tissue
D) stomach
E) glucagon

Question 55

Which pancreatic hormone stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) estradiol
D) epinephrine
E) cortisol

Question 56

Which of the following hormones is mismatched with its producing gland?

A) ovaries- follicle-stimulating hormone
B) ovaries- estrogen
C) thymus gland- thymosins
D) pineal gland- melatonin
E) testes- androgens

Question 57

How are type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus similar?

A) The number of glucose carriers is too low in both.
B) The blood glucose levels are very high in both.
C) The body does not produce insulin in both.
D) The body does not produce glucagon in both.
E) Both are a result of obesity.

Question 58

Describe the characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Question 59

Which of the following is a result of mineralocorticoid release?

A) Glucose is not broken down.
B) The immune cells are suppressed.
C) Inflammation is reduced.
D) Proteins and fat are broken down.
E) Blood volume and pressure increase.

Question 60

Which gland produces melatonin?

A) testes
B) thymus gland
C) pineal gland
D) ovaries
E) adrenal glands

Question 61

Usually you are consciously aware of the governance of your internal organs by the nervous and endocrine system.

Question 62

Which of the following secretes erythropoietin?

A) kidney
B) heart
C) small intestine
D) thymus
E) thalamus

Question 63

Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the reproductive system?

A) adrenal gland
B) hypothalamus
C) anterior pituitary
D) testes/ovaries
E) nervous system

Question 64

Which system does the hypothalamus belong to?

A) the nervous system
B) the endocrine system
C) both the nervous and the endocrine systems
D) the reproductive system
E) the cardiovascular system

Question 65

In comparing the functions of the nervous and endocrine system in controlling the body,the nervous system is better able to rapidly respond to changes in the external environment.

Question 66

The cramping associated with premenstrual syndrome is often due to norepinephrine.

Question 67

How would the endocrine and nervous systems respond to an individual touching a hot stove?

A) sending signals that pull the invidiual's hand away
B) sending signals that cause the release of epinephrine
C) sending signals that cause the release of norepinephrine
D) sending signals that cause the individual to move his/her whole body away
E) the endocrine and nervous systems would cause an individual to do all of these things

Question 68

What is the function of melatonin?

A) regulate blood glucose levels
B) regulate blood calcium levels
C) aid in the differentiation of T lymphocytes
D) control the daily sleep-wake cycle
E) control the color of the skin

Question 69

Jamie suffers from heartburn.Sometimes this can be treated with

A) mineralocorticoids.
B) prostaglandins.
C) aldosterone.
D) thymosin.
E) luteinizing hormone.

Question 70

If an individual is exposed to external stress,the nervous system is capable of responding faster than the endocrine system.

Question 71

Which hormone triggers satiety?

A) epinephrine
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) prostaglandins
D) erythropoietin
E) leptin